Efeito de um inseticida sintético e um botânico sobre pragas, inimigos naturais e produtividade do melão

Melon is attacked by pests such as the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, the flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) as well as Diaphania worms that can affect yield and crop productivity. To control it, frequent spraying of organo-synthetic insecticides is carried out, which can generate ecological imbalances. During two productive cycles, experimental plots were established to test the effect of an organo-synthetic insecticide and a botanical one on some pests, a natural enemy and on melon productivity. The treatments tested were, 1. Organo-synthetic insecticide: lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam. 2. Botanical insecticide: azadirachtin. 3. Untreated plot. The populations of A. gossypii, B. tabaci, F. occidentalis, fruits damaged by Diaphania spp. (% FDD), and the effect on parasitism in B. tabaci (% PBT), as well as on crop yield and productivity. The % FDD, the populations of A. gossypii and F. occidentalis did not show differences between treatments. The yields were higher in plots treated with azadirachtin, where there were lower populations of B. tabaci and higher % PBT. Productivity presented a negative correlation with the populations of B. tabaci. Despite the control exerted by azadirachtin on B. tabaci, there was a decrease in productivity, which added to the damage of Diaphania spp. suggest the importance of these pests and for their management other alternatives should be tested that reduce populations to levels that do not affect yield and at the same time guarantee sustainable production.El melón es atacado por plagas, como, la mosca blanca, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), el pulgón del algodón, Aphis gossypii Glover, el trips de las flores, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) así como gusanos del género Diaphania que pueden afectar el rendimiento y productividad del cultivo. Para su control se realizan frecuentes aspersiones de insecticidas órgano-sintéticos, que pueden generar desequilibrios ecológicos. Durante dos ciclos productivos, se establecieron lotes experimentales para testar el efecto de un insecticida órgano-sintético y un botánico sobre plagas, un enemigo natural y sobre la productividad del melón. Los tratamientos fueron: 1. Insecticida órgano-sintético: lambda-cihalotrina + tiametoxam. 2. Insecticida botánico: azadiractina. 3. Parcela no tratada. Se evaluaron las poblaciones de A. gossypii, B. tabaci, F. occidentalis, frutos dañados por Diaphania spp. (% FDD), y el efecto sobre el parasitismo en B. tabaci (% PBT), así como sobre el rendimiento y la productividad del cultivo. Las poblaciones de A. gossypii, de F. occidentalis y el % FDD no mostraron diferencias entre tratamientos. Los rendimientos fueron superiores en parcelas tratadas con azadiractina, donde ocurrieron las menores poblaciones de B. tabaci y los mayores % PBT. La productividad presentó una correlación negativa con las poblacionales de B. tabaci. A pesar del control ejercido por azadiractina sobre B. tabaci, hubo disminución de la productividad, lo que aunado a los daños de Diaphania spp. sugieren la importancia de estas plagas y para su manejo deben probarse otras alternativas que disminuyan las poblaciones a niveles que no afecten el rendimiento y a la vez garantizar una producción sostenible.O melão é atacado por pragas como a mosca branca, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), pulgão do algodão, Aphis gossypii Glover, tripes das flores, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), bem como vermes Diaphania que podem afetar o rendimento e a produtividade das culturas. Para controlá-la, são realizadas pulverizações frequentes de inseticidas organossintéticos, o que pode gerar desequilíbrios ecológicos. Durante dois ciclos produtivos, foram estabelecidos lotes experimentais em blocos ao acaso para testar o efeito de um inseticida organossintético e um botânico sobre algumas pragas, o rendimento e a produtividade do melão. Os tratamentos testados foram: 1. Inseticida organo-sintético: lambda-cialotrina + tiametoxam. 2. Inseticida botânico: azadiractina. 3. Parcela não tratada. As densidades populacionais de A. gossypii, B. tabaci, F. occidentalis, porcentagem de parasitismo em B. tabaci (% PBT), porcentagem de frutos danificados por Diaphania spp. (% FDD), rendimento (t.ha-1) e produtividade da cultura. As populações de A. gossypii, de F. occidentalis e o % FDD não apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos. As ninfas de B. tabaci foram significativamente menores nas parcelas tratadas com azadiractina. A % PBT exercida por Encarsia nigricephala (Dozier) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) foi afetada pelas pulverizações L+T. Os rendimentos foram menores nas parcelas tratadas com L+T, tratamento em que as ninfas de B. tabaci atingiram os maiores níveis. A produtividade apresentou correlação negativa com as densidades populacionais de B. tabaci, podendo diminuir para menos de 90%  a partir de quatro ninfas.folha-1. Bemisia tabaci e Diaphania spp. Eram pragas importantes e outras alternativas devem ser testadas para seu manejo, garantindo uma produção sustentável

Blood-based omic profiling supports female susceptibility to tobacco smoke-induced cardiovascular diseases

We recently reported that differential gene expression and DNA methylation profiles in blood leukocytes of apparently healthy smokers predicts with remarkable efficiency diseases and conditions known to be causally associated with smoking, suggesting that blood-based omic profiling of human populations may be useful for linking environmental exposures to potential health effects. Here we report on the sex-specific effects of tobacco smoking on transcriptomic and epigenetic features derived from genome-wide profiling in white blood cells, identifying 26 expression probes and 92 CpG sites, almost all of which are affected only in female smokers. Strikingly, these features relate to numerous genes with a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, especially thrombin signaling, including the thrombin receptors on platelets F2R (coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor; PAR1) and GP5 (glycoprotein 5), as well as HMOX1 (haem oxygenase 1) and BCL2L1 (BCL2-like 1) which are involved in protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis, respectively. These results are in concordance with epidemiological evidence of higher female susceptibility to tobacco-induced cardiovascular disease and underline the potential of blood-based omic profiling in hazard and risk assessment

Una Orquesta Sinfónica como Ejemplo de Aplicación de un Sistema Empotrado Distribuido

El presente artículo trata sobre el diseño e implementación de una orquesta sinfónica distribuida haciendo uso del paquete de Lego Mindstorms, como proyecto final enmarcado dentro de la asignatura Sistemas Empotrados Distribuidos. En esta contribución se aplican los conocimientos obtenidos en dicha asignatura, en la que se fomenta la aplicación de los mismos para la realización de proyectos novedosos. En este artículo se describen el diseño, las diversas tecnologías evaluadas y la implementación final.This paper discusses the design and implementation of a distributed symphony orchestra using the Lego Mindstorms package, as a final project belonging to the Distributed Embedded Systems subject. In this contribution, the knowledge achieved during the subject is applied. It must be noted that the application of the studied contents to create novel projects is greatly encouraged. In this paper the design, the evaluation of several technologies, as well as the final implementation, are presented.Universidad de Granada: Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores; Vicerrectorado para la Garantía de la Calidad

La Problemática de los Sectores Productivos en la Comuna las Gilces de la Parroquia Crucita, Manabí, Ecuador

The productive sectors are fundamental for the development of societies, due to the impacts it generates in the local economy. In this research, the operation of the main productive activities of the Las Gilces commune of the Crucita parish was characterized and the factors that shape their problems were evidenced. The qualitative methodology was used from the historical-descriptive method, which was complemented with techniques of focal groups and interviews to key actors of productive development. The results make evident that its main productive activities revolve around four axes: agriculture, fishing, tourism and salt production. It is concluded that the productive problems of this area are due to: biased and misused training in the sectorial practice, lack of financial resources, inter-productive mobility, neglect of public and private institutions, lack of infrastructure, limited technology, unfair competition between communes and survival economy.Los sectores productivos son fundamentales para el desarrollo de las sociedades, debido a los impactos que generan en la economía local. En la investigación realizada se caracterizó el funcionamiento de las principales actividades productivas de la comuna Las Gilces de la parroquia Crucita y se evidenciaron los factores que configuran su problemática. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa a partir del método histórico-descriptivo, que se complementó con técnicas de grupos focales y entrevistas a actores claves del desarrollo productivo. Los resultados evidencian que sus principales actividades productivas giran en torno a cuatro ejes: agricultura, pesca, turismo y producción de sal. Se concluye que la problemática productiva de esta zona se debe a: capacitación sesgada y mal aprovechada en la práctica sectorial, carencia de recursos financieros, movilidad interproductiva, desatención de instituciones públicas y privadas, falta de infraestructura, limitada tecnología, competencia desleal entre comunas y economía de sobrevivencia

Epidemiología molecular y análisis filogenético de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano en mujeres con lesiones cervicales y cáncer en la región litoral del Ecuador

The aim of the present study was to gather information regarding the molecular epidemiology of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and related risk factors in a group of women with low- and high-grade cervical lesions and cancer from the coastal region of Ecuador. In addition, we studied the evolution of HPV variants from the most prevalent types and provided a temporal framework for their emergence, which may help to trace the source of dissemination within the region. We analyzed 166 samples, including 57 CIN1, 95 CIN2/3 and 14 cancer cases. HPV detection and typing was done by PCR-sequencing (MY09/MY11). HPV variants and estimation of the time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was assessed through phylogeny and coalescence analysis. HPV DNA was found in 54.4% of CIN1, 74.7% of CIN2/3 and 78.6% of cancer samples. HPV16 (38.9%) and HPV58 (19.5%) were the most prevalent types. Risk factors for the development of cervical lesions/cancer were the following: three or more pregnancies (OR = 4.3), HPV infection (OR = 3.7 for high-risk types; OR = 3.5 for HPV16), among others. With regard to HPV evolution, HPV16 isolates belonged to lineages A (69%) and D (31%) whereas HPV58 isolates belonged only to lineage A. The period of emergence of HPV16 was in association with human populations (tMRCA = 91. 052 years for HPV16A and 27. 000 years for HPV16D), whereas HPV58A preceded Homo sapiens evolution (322. 257 years). This study provides novel data on HPV epidemiology and evolution in Ecuador, which will be fundamental in the vaccine era.Fil: Bedoya Pilozo, Cesar H.. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; Ecuador. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Medina Magües, Lex G.. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; EcuadorFil: Espinosa García, Maylen. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Sánchez, Martha. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Parrales Valdiviezo, Johanna V.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Molina, Denisse. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Ibarra, María A.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Quimis Ponce, María. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: España, Karool. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Párraga Macias, Karla E.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Cajas Flores, Nancy V.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Solon, Orlando A.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; Ecuador. Universidad Agraria del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Robalino Penaherrera, Jorge A.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Chedraui, Peter. Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor; EcuadorFil: Escobar, Saul. Universidad Católica de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Loja Chango, Rita D.. Universidad Católica de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Ramirez Morán, Cecibel. Universidad Católica de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Espinoza Caicedo, Jasson. Universidad Católica de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Sánchez Giler, Sunny. Universidad Especialidades Espíritu Santo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; EcuadorFil: Limia, Celia M.. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri; CubaFil: Alemán, Yoan. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri; CubaFil: Soto, Yudira. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri; CubaFil: Kouri, Vivian. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri; CubaFil: Culasso, Andrés Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Badano, Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación; Ecuador. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada; Argentin

Mutant p53 as a guardian of the cancer cell

Forty years of research have established that the p53 tumor suppressor provides a major barrier to neoplastic transformation and tumor progression by its unique ability to act as an extremely sensitive collector of stress inputs, and to coordinate a complex framework of diverse effector pathways and processes that protect cellular homeostasis and genome stability. Missense mutations in the TP53 gene are extremely widespread in human cancers and give rise to mutant p53 proteins that lose tumor suppressive activities, and some of which exert trans-dominant repression over the wild-type counterpart. Cancer cells acquire selective advantages by retaining mutant forms of the protein, which radically subvert the nature of the p53 pathway by promoting invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review, we consider available evidence suggesting that mutant p53 proteins can favor cancer cell survival and tumor progression by acting as homeostatic factors that sense and protect cancer cells from transformation-related stress stimuli, including DNA lesions, oxidative and proteotoxic stress, metabolic inbalance, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, and the immune system. These activities of mutant p53 may explain cancer cell addiction to this particular oncogene, and their study may disclose tumor vulnerabilities and synthetic lethalities that could be exploited for hitting tumors bearing missense TP53 mutations

Expediciones Humboldt: Honda-Méndez, Tolima

Este informe presenta los resultados de la caracterización biológica de uno de los bosques secos con mejor estado de conservación en el departamento del Tolima, ubicado entre los municipio de Honda, Méndez y Armero-Guayabal. Estos bosques se encuentran en una matriz de ganadería y producción agropecuaria, donde las coberturas boscosas son conservadas por los propietarios, conscientes de la importancia de este ecosistema para la provisión de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos. Esperamos que esta información producto de la capacidad científica del Instituto Humboldt, sea relevante y útil en las decisiones de planificación estratégica tanto en el ordenamiento territorial de los municipios de Honda, Méndez y Armero-Guayabal, como para las decisiones de conservación que se tomen en la regiónBogotáCiencias Básicas de la Biodiversida

Desafío para mejorar el acceso de pequeños productores al mercado: el caso del Triángulo Minero en la RAAN, Nicaragua

Tanto las preguntas de investigación como los objetivos del estudio, revelan un compromiso ético con el cambio en políticas y prácticas a favor de las mujeres, hombres y jóvenes pobres de la Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN) de Nicaragua. En este esfuerzo se abordan las oportunidades y no los problemas, las potencialidades y no los obstáculos, las redes de re¬laciones entre procesos y actores y no las relaciones lineales de causalidad, la innovación y no el mimetismo tecnológico e institucional. Por estas razones y otras, el estudio es un esfuerzo de alto valor y osadía intelectual. El estudio contiene tanto desafíos como propuestas para la forma de realizar investigaciones, intervenciones de desarrollo, construcción de capacidades y organización social. Desafiando teorías y métodos tradicionales, el estudio hace un viaje exploratorio --de aprendizaje por descu¬brimiento-- inspirado en la epistemología de la contextualidad y en los enfoques y métodos del constructivismo crítico

Ecological aspects and conservation pf wild grapevine populations in the S.W. of the Iberian peninsula

6 páginas, 3 tablas, 26 referencias.-- I International Symposium on Grapevine Growing, Commerce and Research, celebrado del 30 de junio-2 de julio 2003, en Lisboa, Portugal.Populations of wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, were discovered in S.W. of the Iberian Peninsula over the last years. Location, ecological aspects, sanitary characteristics, including the ELISA test to detect specific virus attack, are described. In vitro propagation and conservation are also considered. The paper also contains a global description of female and male individuals. This material could be used to start breeding programs of cultivated varieties and also to restore riverbank forests, which constitute one of the worst preserved ecosystems in the area.Peer reviewe

Site investigation with combined methods in a faulted area in Managua, Nicaragua - a pre-study

Geophysical methods are increasingly being applied to geotechnical investigations, as they can identify material properties and material boundaries, as well as variations in space and time of relatively large volumes of soil. Another advantage is that many of these methods are non-intrusive. The combination of several methods and the verification of their results by sampling and correlating with geotechnical methods are advisable in order to improve the reliability of geophysical investigations. In this case we used the following geophysical methods; combined resistivity and time domain induced polarisation (IP) two-dimensional imaging (CVES), seismic refraction plus multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW). The geophysical results are compared to a geologically documented trench, which had been dug 5m south of the geophysical line with a N65°W orientation. The trench intercepted an active fault zone. The geological study determined that the intercepted fault zone corresponds to the Escuela Fault System, one of a many of the complex faulting system within the so-called Managua Graben