Phase field modelling of grain boundary premelting using obstacle potentials

We investigate the multi-order parameter phase field model of Steinbach and Pezzolla [I. Steinbach, F. Pezzolla, A generalized field method for multiphase transformations using interface fields, Physica D 134 (1999) 385-393] concerning its ability to describe grain boundary premelting. For a single order parameter situation solid-melt interfaces are always attractive, which allows to have (unstable) equilibrium solid-melt-solid coexistence above the bulk melting point. The temperature dependent melt layer thickness and the disjoining potential, which describe the interface interaction, are affected by the choice of the thermal coupling function and the measure to define the amount of the liquid phase. Due to the strictly finite interface thickness also the interaction range is finite. For a multi-order parameter model we find either purely attractive or purely repulsive finite-ranged interactions. The premelting transition is then directly linked to the ratio of the grain boundary and solid-melt interfacial energy.Comment: 12 page

New Geographical Record for Muraenid Eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) along the Northeast Arabian Sea, Western Indian Ocean

Fishes of family Muraenidae, popularly known as moray eels, are one of the most diverse groups among true eels. Gymnothorax is the most predominant genus in terms of diversity along Indian coastline (31 species including recent description and distributional records), but they rarely form the fishery of commercial importance. Gymnothorax dorsalis, species of elongated unpatterned moray eels characterized by eight to nine pre-dorsal vertebrae, three infraorbital pores and low dorsal and anal fin united with caudal fins is reported for the first time from the west coast of India. Gymnothorax reticularis, reticulated patterned eel with 18–19 vertical dark bars, five pre-dorsal vertebrae and 10–11 vomerine teeth is also reported for the first time from the northwest coast of India

Influence of lattice distortion on the Curie temperature and spin-phonon coupling in LaMn0.5_{0.5}Co0.5_{0.5}O3_{3}

Two distinct ferromagnetic phases of LaMn$_{0.5}$Co$_{0.5}$O$_{3}$ having monoclinic structure with distinct physical properties have been studied. The ferromagnetic ordering temperature $\textit{T}_{c}$ is found to be different for both the phases. The origin of such contrasting characteristics is assigned to the changes in the distance(s) and angle(s) between Mn - O - Co resulting from distortions observed from neutron diffraction studies. Investigations on the temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy provide evidence for such structural characteristics, which affects the exchange interaction. The difference in B-site ordering which is evident from the neutron diffraction is also responsible for the difference in $\textit{T}_{c}$. Raman scattering suggests the presence of spin-phonon coupling for both the phases around the $\textit{T}_{c}$. Electrical transport properties of both the phases have been investigated based on the lattice distortion.Comment: 9 figure

STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS AMONG SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN

According to survey by FAO [2006) (1) on one side there is still prevalence of malnutrition and other deficiency diseases like anaemia, vitamin A and iodine deficiency, improper immunization and food insecurity, while on the other side overweight and obesity are rampant among children in India. The consequences of underweight and deficiency diseases as well as overweight and obesity are extensive among children, resulting in reduction in the rate of productivity. The study included a sample of 1575 matriculation school children aged six to fifteen years that included 20 % children from each grade (one-ten) and 25 % children from each area and from each socioeconomic strata (urban with high, middle and low SES and rural with low/disadvantaged SES).The selection was based on random sampling technique with the teachers allotting the students as per the roll order on a random basis. Common deficiency diseases prevalent among the school going children were Vitamin A deficiency, anaemia and skin infections. Among the deficiency symptoms, as diagnosed through clinical examination by a physician, anaemia was predominant in 650 (70.2%) of preadolescent girls. The prevalence of obesity is more among adolescent boys (24.2%) than adolescent girls ( 23.3%). In the adolescent age group of 12-16 years, 12 boys from matriculation schools were found to have elevated blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, while among girls six from matriculation schools were found to have high blood pressure

DNA barcoding of gobiid fishes (Perciformes, Gobioidei)

Gobiids constitute a major proportion of fish population in both tropical and temperate freshwater as well as marine ecosystem. Due to their small size, cryptic ecology and ambiguous morphological characters, gobiids diversity was not documented completely. In this study, DNA barcodes were generated for 11 species of gobiids, collected from the Ashtamudi Lake, India. The mitochondrial COI gene was amplified using universal primers and the resulted 650 bp amplicon was sequenced. The COI barcodes clearly distinguished all the species with high interspecific genetic distance values than intra-specific values based on K2P (Kimura 2 Parameter) model. The average genetic distance (K2P model) within species, genus and family was 1.2%, 22.2% and 25.3%, respectively. In addition to barcode-based species identification system, Nucleotide Diagnostic (ND) characters specific for species were identified. The Neighbor-Joining tree revealed distinct clusters shared by the species of same genera

Providing Customized Requirements for Privacy Preserving In Web Search Engines

Web search tools are generally used to get information from web servers. These web crawlers use client profiles and as of late sought information to give indexed lists, so here there is no security insurance for client information. We give an framework that can assist clients with customizing their protection necessities. The protections prerequisites gave by client are utilized here for querying the Web server with the hunt keys given by client. In this methodology we can ready to conceal the protection information of client from web search servers. The procedure of modifying protection necessities will happen in offline and will be utilized dynamically .The calculations utilized here will give speculation inquiries expected to look by safeguarding security prerequisites gave. The Experimental results will prove that this Framework will ensure privacy of client

Cerebellar ataxia and sensory ganglionopathy associated with light-chain myeloma.

BACKGROUND: Cerebellar ataxia with sensory ganglionopathy is a rare neurological combination that can occur in some hereditary ataxias including mitochondrial diseases and in gluten sensitivity. Individually each condition can be a classic paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. We report a patient with this combination who was diagnosed with light-chain myeloma ten years after initial presentation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old Caucasian lady was referred to our Ataxia Clinic because of a 6-year history of progressive unsteadiness and a 2-year history of slurred speech. Past medical history included arterial hypertension. The patient was a non-smoker was not consuming alcohol excessively. There was no family history of ataxia. Neurological examination revealed prominent gaze-evoked nystagmus, heel to shin ataxia, gait ataxia, reduced reflexes and loss of vibration sensation in the legs. Cerebellar ataxia was confirmed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the cerebellum and sensory ganglionopathy using neurophysiological assessments including blink reflex study. A muscle biopsy that was arranged to explore the possibility of mitochondrial disease revealed amyloidosis. Urinalysis confirmed the presence of light chains. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of light chain multiple myeloma. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst it could be argued that this could simply be a coincidence, the rarity of these conditions and the absence of an alternative aetiology for the neurological dysfunction argue in favour of a paraneoplastic phenomenon

A Study on Consumers’ Behavior and Factors Influencing the Consumption of Fish in Selected Districts of North Karnataka, India

Fish and fishery products are one of the most significant sources to meet sufficient animal-based protein. Knowledge of preference for fish is important for producers, consumers, and traders at the microeconomic level and also for policymakers and planners at the macroeconomic level. The present study has made an attempt to analyze the consumers’ preference towards fish consumption in Dharwad and Belgaum districts of North Karnataka, India. Sixty fish consumers were selected randomly from wholesale-cum retail fish markets. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to analyze socio-economic characteristics, consumers’ preferences, and factors influencing consumer behavior. The majority (65%) of the respondents belonged to the age group of 20 to 40 years. Most of the consumers (30%) visited the fish market occasionally and one-third (33%) of them purchased 0.5-1.0 kg/visit from the market. Two third (66%) of them preferred to buy fish in cut pieces and 68 per cent have emphasized freshness. It was observed that around 63 per cent of consumers were comfortable paying Rs. 100 to 200 per kg. Regression results revealed that age (0.168), family income (0.598), and family size (0.131) are positive and significantly influences which implies that a unit increase in age, family income, and family size will increase fish consumption by 0.16, 0.59 and 0.13 kgs, respectively. While price of fish is negative and significant impact on consumption behavior

Mechanical Behavior of Mushy Zone in DC casting using a Viscoplastic Material Model

Direct Chill (DC) casting is a semi-continuous metal manufacturing process for producing non-ferrous alloys such as aluminum and magnesium. During the solidification of the alloy, there exists a semi-solid state of material known as mushy zone which is more prone to hot tearing. Precise modeling of hot tearing is the most challenging task due to the interaction of many physical fields. The deformation of the partially coherent solid strongly influences the hot cracking. This work focuses on the material behavior of the mushy zone which is the prerequisite for the development of hot tearing criteria. The rate-dependent nature plays a crucial role at higher temperatures. Therefore, the viscoplastic material models with temperature-dependent coefficients are implemented for the characterization of the mushy zone. The numerical integration of the constitute equations are explained in detail. The liquid flow is neglected, and the momentum and energy equations are solved for the mushy and solid phases. With the help of a viscoplastic material models, the stress and strain evolution in the mushy zone is captured. It is found that the state of stress in mushy region is tensile in nature which is a favorable situation for the hot cracks. The influence of the casting speed and secondary cooling on the mushy stress state are analyzed in detail