Functional Independence Measure in Iran: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Evaluation of Ceiling and Floor Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Background: The functional independence measure (FIM) is one of the most important assessment instruments for motor and cognitive dependence in rehabilitation medicine; however, there is little data about its confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and ceiling/floor effects from other countries and also in Iranian patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate a two-factor model (motor and cognitive independence as latent variables) and ceiling/floor effects for FIM in Iranian patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 185 subacute TBI patients were selected from emergency and neurosurgery departments of Poursina Hospital (the largest trauma hospital in northern Iran, Rasht) using the consecutive sampling method and were assessed for functional independence. Results: The results of this study showed that the floor effect was not observed; however, ceiling effects were observed for the FIM total score and its subscales. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the chi-square/df ratio was 2.8 for the two-factor structure and the fit indices for this structural model including root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.099, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.96, tucker lewis index (TLI) = 0.97, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.97 were close to standard indices. Conclusions: Although ceiling effects should be considered for rehabilitation targets, the two-factor model of FIM (motor and cognitive independence) has an eligible fitness for Iranian patients with TBI

Drug-induced skin reactions: A 2-year study

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions, which occur when a medicinal product results in cutaneous morbidity. Methods: The study included 308 patients who were diagnosed as having an adverse cutaneous drug reaction during the study period (2007�2009). In 84 cases, histopathologic examination of skin biopsies were also performed. Results: Patients with drug reactions were found to be more commonly female (63) than male (37). Beta-lactam antibiotics were found to be the most frequent cause of adverse cutaneous drug reactions (42.7), followed by non-steroidal anti-infammatory drugs (16.5). Acute urticaria was the most common clinical presentation (59.2) followed by fxed drug eruptions (18.5), and maculopapular eruptions (14.9). Conclusion: Adverse cutaneous drug reactions in our study population were mainly induced by beta-lactam antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most common forms of cutaneous adverse drug reactions were found to be acute urticaria, fxed drug eruptions, and maculopapular rashes. © 2015 Farshchian et al

Introducing a new exchange functional by altering the electron density’s ionization dependency in density functional theory

Abstract Each of the exchange–correlation functionals in the density functional theory has been customized to particular systems or elements and has unique advantages and disadvantages. In one of the most recent research on exchange–correlation functionals, Chachiyo et al. present a relationship for exchange–correlation functional by assuming the simplest form of electron density. Their utilized electron density causes a systematic inaccuracy in the energy of the molecules since it does not fully account for the variation of the ionization energy for different atoms. We offer a novel relationship for exchange functional that improves the precision of the energy calculations for molecules by using the basic assumptions of the Chachiyo approach and correcting the electron density. Our density is directly related to the atom’s ionization energy. Our suggested functional was implemented for 56 molecules composed of atoms from the first, second, and third rows of the periodic table using Siam Quantum package. We discussed about the role of our functional on the reducing the computation error of dipole moment along with total, bonding and zero point energies. We also increased the portion of core electrons to improve the accuracy of the results

Social determinants of breast cancer screening among married women: A cross-sectional study

Background: Regular cancer screening is the best way for early detection of breast cancer, but studies showed the low participation rates of screening in Iran. We aimed to determine breast cancer screening among married women and related factors in North of Iran. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from Jan to Mar 2017 among 1472 married women in an urban population in Rasht City, North of Iran. Data were collected using a questionnaire included socio-demographic information and breast cancer screening behaviors. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and logistic regression were used for data analyzing with SPSS. Results: The mean age of women was 35.1 ±6.5 years. Majority of women never performed clinical breast examination (70.7) and regular monthly breast self-examination (52.2). Only women over 40 yr performed mammography. Mammography performance was associated with health insurance (OR=4.99; 95 CI: 1.10, 22.53) and family history (OR=1.60; 95 CI: 1.19, 2.19), clinical breast examination was associated with age of women (OR=2.87; 95 CI: 1.90, 4.32) and breast self-examination was associated with age and occupation of women OR=1.67; 95 % CI: 1.16, 2.39, OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.29) respectively. Conclusion: The rate of breast cancer screening was low among married women. Therefore considering the structural and cultural barriers, effective health education is essential to reduce inequality and increase the efficiency of screening programs. © 2020 The Author(s)

Academic procrastination and related factors in students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: One of the challenges that students faced during their education is academic procrastination. It means “delay in performing a task”. Since academic procrastination could effect on various aspects of students' personal and social life, by identifying related factors it may be limited. This study aimed to determined academic procrastination and related factors in Students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Methods:  In this cross-sectional study, 459 students of all major programs of Guilan University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data collection scales included three parts of demographic information, academic information and Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) by Solomon and Rothblum. Data was analyzed with T- Test, ANOVA, multiple regressions by SPSS V. 20.  Result: Most of students were female (72.7%), single (86%) and undergraduate (66.6%). Mean score of academic procrastination was 63.3±9.1 and most students (69.5%) had moderate procrastination. Academic procrastination had significant difference with gender (p=0.002) and academic level (p=0.03). Also in multiple regression models, gender, program of study  and academic level were main predictors of procrastination.  Females, dental students and postgraduate students had higher level of academic procrastination. Conclusion: There is a moderate academic procrastination in students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences and its relationship with gender, program of study and academic level was observed.  Investigation on causes and appropriate strategies to reduce this behavior is recommended

Nurses\' Perceptions about Facilitators and Barriers of Implementation of Evidence-Based practice

Introduction : Implementation of Evidence-Based practice (EBP) is a basic need for improving nursing skills. Nurses should not only be aware about last evidences, but also use it in clinical environments. Therefore identifying barriers and facilitators can be one of the important steps for implementation of EBP. This study aimed to assess Nurse’s perception about facilitators and barriers of implementation of EBP in Guilan educational and remedial Centers , 2012.   Methods : In this cross sectional study, 247 nurses that working in Guilan educational and remedial Centers , were chosen by random sampling. Data collection scale was Funk Barriers Scale and facilitators of implementation of EBP were filled with self-report method. Data were analyzed with SPSS and using independent t-test and ANOVA.   Results: The first three important barriers were “The nurse does not have time to read research” (3.22 ± 0.9) “The facilities are inadequate for implementation” (3.11 ± 0.9) and “There is insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas” (3.05 ± 1) and most important facilitator was “collaboration between university centers and hospitals” (3.25 ± 0.8). Also there was a statistical significant difference between nurse’s position and facilitator score (P= 0.002) .   Conclusion : Implementation of EBP will succeed when the nurses work in clinical settings that EBP consider, as an important value there. Organizations will have effective role in reducing barriers, through provid ing sufficient time, necessary facilities and improving nurse’s ability in researches

Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Undergraduate Nursing Student Academic Satisfaction Scale

Background and PurposeMeasuring student satisfaction among nursing students is necessary for academic institute. This study aimed to validate and measure the reliability of the Persian version of the Undergraduate Nursing Student Academic Satisfaction Scale (UNSASS).MethodsThis study was conducted on 437 undergraduate nursing students from September to December 2019. Face, content, construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), and reliability of the UNSASS were assessed.ResultsThe results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the Persian version of the UNSASS was composed of three factors: university, clinical, and faculty, which explained 41.77% of the overall variance.ConclusionsThe research revealed that the Persian version of the UNSASS has acceptable validity and reliability, which can be used to measure the academic satisfaction of undergraduate nursing students.</jats:sec

Drug-induced skin reactions: a 2-year study

Mahmood Farshchian,1 Akram Ansar,1 Abbas Zamanian,2 Ghasem Rahmatpour-Rokni,1 Arash Kimyai-Asadi,3 Mehdi Farshchian1,4 1Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Farshchian Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran; 2Department of Dermatology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Derm Surgery Associates, Houston, TX, USA; 4Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions, which occur when a medicinal product results in cutaneous morbidity. Methods: The study included 308 patients who were diagnosed as having an adverse cutaneous drug reaction during the study period (2007&ndash;2009). In 84 cases, histopathologic examination of skin biopsies were also performed. Results: Patients with drug reactions were found to be more commonly female (63%) than male (37%). Beta-lactam antibiotics were found to be the most frequent cause of adverse cutaneous drug reactions (42.7%), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (16.5%). Acute urticaria was the most common clinical presentation (59.2%) followed by fixed drug eruptions (18.5%), and maculopapular eruptions (14.9%). Conclusion: Adverse cutaneous drug reactions in our study population were mainly induced by beta-lactam antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most common forms of cutaneous adverse drug reactions were found to be acute urticaria, fixed drug eruptions, and maculopapular rashes. Keywords: adverse drug reaction, acute urticaria, exanthematous eruptio