SOR method for the implicit finite difference solution of time-fractional diffusion equations

In this study, we derive an unconditionally implicit finite difference approximation equation from the discretization of the one-dimensional linear time fractional diffusion equations by using the Caputo’s time fractional derivative. Then this approximation equation hence will be used to generate the corresponding system of linear equations. The approximation solution of the linear system is described via the implementation of Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iterative method. An example of the problem is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of SOR method. The findings of this study show that the proposed iterative method is superior compared with the Gauss-Seidel iterative method

Strategi Afrika Selatan Mengembalikan Citra dan Mempersatukan Bangsa melalui Piala Dunia Fifa 2010

This paper describes how South Africa use World Cup FIFA 2010 as diplomacystrategy to returns the image and uniting the nations. South Africa which known withApartheid and its made nations image become worse in the world. Criminality issues,ethnical conflicts, HIV/AIDS are main factors. South Africa had choosen as host of firstWorld Cup in the African continent, make this country have an expectations to takeadvantage from this momentum to change world image about South Africa more better.Authors collected data of books, journals, media, websites in search for the source ofthis research. This study uses the Kontruktivis paradigm. The theory used is PublicDiplomacy and concept of Sports Diplomacy. Theoretical framework on this research isguided by qualitative explanation methods. Writing technique in this research is through bylibrary research.This study shows how South Africa can take advantage of the 2010 FIFA World Cupas srtategy diplomacy in achieving the national interest is to restore the image and integrityof the nation. Not only required a consistent state policy but also after the 2010 FIFA WorldCup is maintained image and integrity nation South Africa better.Keywords: South Africa, Diplomacy, Apartheid, World Cup FIFA 2010

Effect of BaO on physical, optical and structural characteristics of ZnO Al2O3 B2O3 glasses

Zinc barium borate glasses with composition (65-x) B2O3-10Na2O-10Al2O3-10ZnO-5Li2O-xBaO with (0 ≤ x ≤40 % mol) have been prepared using melt quenching technique. The density, molar volume and the optical absorption studies revealed that the optical band gap energy (Eopt) and Urbach energy increase with the increase of BaOcontent.This is mainly due to the increased polarization of theBa2+ ions and the enhanced formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO). The IR studies indicate that these glasses are made up of [AlO6], [BO3],[BO4], and [AlO4] basic structural units

Numerical Solution for Solving Space-Fractional Diffusion Equations using Half-sweep Gauss-seidel Iterative Method

The main purpose of this paper is to examine theeffectiveness of Half-Sweep Gauss-Seidel (HSGS) method forSpace-Fractional diffusion equations. The Caputo’s derivativeand implicit finite difference scheme will be used to discretizelinear space-fractional equation of the first order to constructsystem linear equation. The basic formulation and application ofthe HSGS iterative method are also presented. Two numericalexamples and comparison with other iterative methods showsthat the present method is effective. Based on computationalnumerical result, the solution obtained by proposed iterativemethod is in excellent agreement, it can be concluded that theproposed iterative method is superior to the Full-Sweep Gauss-Seidel (FSGS) iterative metho

COMPARISON BETWEEN NANO-HYDROXYAPATITE AND CPP-ACPF IN REMINERALIZING EARLY CARIOUS LESIONS (IN VITRO STUDY)

Poor oral hygiene, bacteria and orthodontic appliances mainly lead to early demineralized lesions where early detection and diagnosis of the lesion is a must so that it can be assessed and cured with the least invasive treatment. The objective was to evaluate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) on early demineralized enamel using DIAGNOdent pen and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Materials and methods: A total of 60 enamel specimens were divided into four groups (n=15), where Group A: experimental; treated with nano-HA tooth paste, Group B: self-control for group A, Group C: experimental; treated with CPP-ACPF paste, and Group D: self-control for Group C. Control specimens were treated with fluoride varnish. All specimens were exposed to artificial demineralization followed by application of the respective agent for each and stored in artificial saliva. For normally distributed data, comparison between more than two population were analyzed using F-test (ANOVA) and One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for comparison between more than two groups. The significance level was set at p ≤0.05. Results: There was statistical significant difference regarding DIAGNOdent pen readings and mineral count of calcium and phosphate at different periods in all groups (P \u3c 0.05). There was no statistical significant difference between groups A and B and between groups C and D regarding DIAGNOdent pen readings and mineral count of calcium and phosphate at all periods (P \u3e 0.05). Conclusion: Nano-HA and CPP-ACPF had similar potential in remineralizing initial enamel lesion as fluoride varnish and can reverse a lesion into a sound tooth structure with higher net mineral gain. DIAGNOdent pen was found to be a non-highly specific and relevant tool in the assessment of enamel mineralization

A systematic review of the impact of educational programs on factors that affect nurses' post-operative pain management for children

Despite extensive research in the international arena into pain and its management, there is, as yet, little research on the topic of pain in children in Saudi Arabia and in the Gulf countries generally. A systematic review was conducted to explore the impact of education programs on factors affecting paediatric nurses’ postoperative pain management practice. This was done in order to advise the creation of an educational program for nurses in Saudi Arabia. Knowledge about pain, attitudes towards pain, beliefs about children’s pain, perceptions of children’s reports of pain, self-efficacy with regard to pain management, and perceptions of barriers to optimal practice were all considered to be relevant factors. The review was restricted to randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs, excluding studies focussed on chronic pain or populations other than solely children. Studies published in English between 2000 and 2016 were identified using CINAHL, MEDLINE, Ovid SP, The Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. Of 499 published studies identified by the search, 14 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. There was evidence of educational programs exerting a postive impact on enhancing pediatric nurses’ knowledge of pain and modifing their attitudes towards it, but only limited evidence was available about the impact on nurses’ beliefs and perceptions of children’s reports of pain, nurses’ self-efficacy, or barriers to optimal practice. None of the studies was conducted in Saudi Arabia. Studies were needed to address additional aspects of preparedness for effective postperative pain management. Details of educational programs used as experimental intervention must be included in reports

The mediating effect of sustainability control system on reverse logistics innovation and customer environmental collaboration towards sustainability performance

This paper analyses part of the viability of green supply chain management practices created for fisheries industry to implement sustainability control system adoption as mediating on reverse logistics innovation and customer environmental collaboration towards sustainability performance. It examines reverse logistics innovation and customer environmental collaboration adopted in the supply chain as a result of pressures from primary stakeholders. The resulting hypotheses are tested using fishery industries in Indonesia data of 262 samples utilizing primary and secondary data. Finding reveal, a phenomenon with sustainability control system adoption have significant effect to enhancing sustainability performance. Moreover, our results yield insights to green practices in optimizing their supply chain and sustainability performance.Keywords: reverse logistics innovation; customer environmental collaboration; sustainability control system; sustainability performanc

Outward FDI and Domestic Investment: Evidence from World’s Largest Economies

This study provides empirical evidence of the impacts of FDI outflows on domestic investment in the world’s largest economies using panel data analysis. Our estimates using system-Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) suggest that FDI outflows have positive effects on domestic investment. From 2002-2014, OFDI had significant long-term effects on domestic investment among the world’s largest economies. Our system-GMM model results show that a one dollar increase in OFDI leads to an increase of 0.0894 dollars of domestic investment in the long term. Keywords: Outward FDI; Domestic investment; Endogeneity; Panel Data JEL Classification numbers: C23; F21; F22; F2

Pengaruh Emulgator Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariff L)

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh emulgator terhadap aktivitas antioksidan krim ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariff L). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh emulgator terhadap aktivitas antioksidan krim ekstrak atanol kelopak bunga rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariff L). Kelopak bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi mengunakan etanol 70%. Ekstrak kemudian dibuat krim konsentrasi 2%, 3% dan 4% dengan variasi kombinasi emulgator Anionik (Asam Stearat dan Trietanolamin) serta emulgator nonionik (Tween 60 dan Span 60). Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan mengukur % penghambatan sediaan terhadap radikal bebas DPPH termasuk setelah penyimpanan. Aktivitas penghambatan radikal bebas DPPH untuk basis dengan emulgator nonionik (2%, 3%, 4%) serta anionik (2%, 3%, 4%) berturut-turut adalah (17,90%, 19,33%, 21,53%) serta (49,01%, 30,76%, 17,69%). Sedangkan untuk sediaan anionik berturut-turut adalah 73,73%; 69,16%; 67,27% (Sebelum penyimpanan) dan 55,88%; 50,16%; 49,00% (Setelah penyimpanan). Untuk krim nonionik berturut-turut adalah 68,57%; 61,87%; 59,30% (Sebelum penyimpanan) dan 42,66%; 47,76%; 48,75% (setelah penyimpanan). Analisis statistik rancangan acak kelompok taraf kepercayaan 5% dan 1% terhadap basis, sediaan dan penyimpanan menghasilkan bahwa jenis dan jumlah emulgator tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidan sediaan yang mengandung ekstrak kelopak bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) dan aktivitas antioksidan sediaan krim ekstrak kelopak bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) menurun setelah penyimpanan. Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol, Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L), Krim, Antioksidan

Implementation of the Explicit Group Iterative Method for Solving Image Blurring Problem using Non-Linear Diffusion Equations

Diffusion equations have been known to solve various image processing problems. This study employs the diffusion equations as the partial difference equations (PDEs)-based image processing techniques for image blurring which also can be refer as the process of image smoothing. The solutions of diffusion equations were obtained using the iterative algorithms and thereafter applied in the image blurring processes. The images were blurred without destroying the crucial information of an image that need to be preserve such as sharp edges, lines and shapes as the diffusion occurs inside the image locations, where the images with different sizes were tested. In terms of performance comparison, the standard point Gauss-Seidel and two-point Explicit Group (2-EG) methods were considered to produce the same quality image of classical point iterative method which is Jacobi. The numerical results showed that 2-EG iterative method capable to smooth the inner region of the images faster compared to the standard point iterative method. It was shown that the 2-EG iterative method more efficient in reducing the number of iterations and computational time than the standard point iterative method