The unusual interpretation of traditional physics problems

In educational–methodological edition of the textbook consideration is given to non-traditional interpretation of physics problems, administered in high, secondary school and on a college level. In particular, the existence of matter in the form of substance and field and its transition from one type to another in a form of movement, the issue of relativistic mass, dual nature of light as a form of movement, which represents the oscillations type mass-energy-mass-energy-..., the nature of the de Broglie waves and the nature of the uncertainty relation, consistent interpretation of quantum effects of diffraction and other problematic issues. The manual can be used by college faculty and high school teachers to organize an independent work of students on the problematic issues of physics, on disputes and more

Системное исследование традиционных проблемных учебных вопросов физики

Розбудова теорій фізичних явищ підлягає ряду принципів. Одним із найважливіших слід вважати принцип узгоджувальності наслідків частинних теорій. На прикладі взаємно доповнювальних хвильової і корпускулярної теорій світла показано, що через відсутність узгоджувальності наслідків цих частинних теорій вони є суперечливими. Запропоновано несуперечливе пояснення двоїстості природи світла на основі об’єднаної корпускулярно-коливної теорії, в якій світло розглядається як потік особливих частинок (фотонів), що перебувають у внутрішньому коливальному стані типу енергія-маса-енергія-маса-… Йдеться про існування фундаментальної коливальної форми руху такого типу. Показано ефективність застосування об’єднаної корпускулярно-коливної теорії для пояснення явища дифракції як інтерференції світла, коли випромінюючими елементами є не відкриті ділянки хвильової поверхні, а гострі краї перепони.The construction of the theory of physical phenomena is subordinated to a number of principles. A principle of coherence effects of private theories should be considered as one of the most important. On the example of the inter-complemented by the wave and particle theories of light, it is shown that due to the lack of consequences consistency of these private theories, they are contradictory. Non-contradictory explanation of the dual nature of light, based on combined wave-corpuscular theory, where the light is considered as a stream of specific particles (photons), which are in internal vibrational state of the type of energy-mass-energy-weight, is proposed. What is meant here is the existence of a fundamental wave movement state of this kind. The efficiency of the application of combined wave-corpuscular theory to explain the phenomenon of diffraction as light interference when the radiating elements are not exposed areas of wave surface, but sharp edges of obstacles, is shown.Построение теорий физических явлений подчинено ряду принципов. Одним из наиболее важных следует считать принцип согласованности следствий частных теорий. На примере взаимно-дополняемых волновой и корпускулярной теорий света показано, что из-за отсутствия согласованности следствий этих частных теорий, они противоречивы. Предложено непротиворечивое объяснение двойственности природы света на основе объединенной корпускулярно-колебательной теории, в которой свет рассматривается как поток особых частиц (фотонов), находящихся во внутреннем колебательном состоянии типа энергия-масса-энергия-масса-… Речь идет о существовании фундаментальной колебательной формы движения такого типа. Показана эффективность применения объединенной корпускулярно-колебательной теории для объяснения явления дифракции как интерференции света, когда излучающими элементами являются не открытые участки волновой поверхности, а острые края преграды

Políticas de saúde e organização do processo de trabalho em Saúde da Família

Este módulo tem foco no contexto no qual acontece o trabalho cotidiano e a organização das Equipes de Saúde da Família. É composto por três lições que abordam os seguintes temas: diagnóstico inicial das competências dos participantes e o instrumento de acompanhamento; direito à saúde e características específicas do SUS, a Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e os desafios da relação da ESF com o conjunto da rede de serviço do SUS; mecanismo de gestão participativa no SUS; processo de trabalho da ESF na prática multiprofissional com abordagem interdisciplinar e intersetorial. Procura-se convidar os participantes a refletir sobre suas atividades do dia a dia, procurando a expressão de dinâmicas sociais mais amplas e possibilidade de melhora da sua organização.Fundo Nacional de Saúde - FN

Computational study of unsteady couple stress magnetic nanofluid flow from a stretching sheet with ohmic dissipation

To provide a deeper insight of the transport phenomena inherent to the manufacturing of magnetic nano-polymer materials, in the present work a mathematical model is developed for time-dependent hydromagnetic rheological nanopolymer boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet in the presence of a transverse static magnetic field. Joule heating (Ohmic dissipation) and viscous heating effects are included since these phenomena arise frequently in magnetic materials processing. Stokes’ couple stress model is deployed to simulate non-Newtonian micro-structural characteristics. The Tiwari-Das nanoscale model is adopted which permits different nano-particles to be simulated (in this article both copper-water and aluminium oxide-water nanofluids are considered). Similarity transformations are utilized to convert the governing partial differential conservation equations into a system of coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations with appropriate wall and free stream boundary conditions. The shooting technique is used to solve the reduced nonlinear coupled ordinary differential boundary value problem via MATLAB symbolic software. Validation with published results from the literature is included for the special cases of non-dissipative and Newtonian nanofluid flows. Fluid velocity and temperature profiles for both Copper and Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids are observed to be enhanced with greater non-Newtonian couple stress parameter and magnetic parameter whereas the opposite trend is computed with greater values of unsteadiness parameter. The boundary layer flow is accelerated with increasing buoyancy parameter, elastic sheet stretching parameter and convection parameter. Temperatures are generally increased with greater couple stress rheological parameter and are consistently higher for the Aluminium oxide nanoparticle case. Temperatures are also boosted with magnetic parameter and exhibit an overshoot near the wall when magnetic parameter exceeds unity (magnetic force exceeds viscous force). A decrease in temperatures is induced with increasing sheet stretching parameter. Increasing Eckert number elevates temperatures considerably. With greater nanoparticle volume fraction both skin friction and Nusselt number are elevated and copper nano-particles achieve higher magnitudes than aluminium oxide

Finite element computation of transient dissipative double diffusive magneto-convective nanofluid flow from a rotating vertical porous surface in porous media

This paper aimed to investigate the transient dissipative MHD double diffusive free convective boundary layer flow of electrically-conducting nanofluids from a stationary or moving vertical porous surface in a rotating high permeability porous medium, considering buoyancy, thermal radiation and first order chemical reaction. Thermo-diffusion (Soret) and diffuso-thermal (Dufour) effects are also considered. Darcy’s law is employed. The mathematical model is formulated by considering water-based nanofluids containing metallic nano-particles for both stationary and moving plate cases. Three nanofluids are examined, namely copper, aluminium oxide or titanium oxide in water. The transformed non-linear, coupled, dimensionless partial differential equations describing the flow are solved with physically appropriate boundary conditions by using Galerkin weighted residual scheme. For prescribed permeability, numerical results are presented graphically for the influence of a number of emerging parameters. Validation of finite element solutions for skin friction and Nusselt number is achieved via comparison with the previously published work as special cases of the present investigation and very good correlation obtained. Increasing rotational parameter is observed to reduce both primary and secondary velocity components. Primary and secondary velocities are consistently elevated with increasing Soret, Dufour, thermal Grashof and solutal Grashof numbers. Increasing Schmidt number, chemical reaction and suction parameter both suppress nano - particle concentration whereas the converse behavior is computed with increasing Soret number. The study is relevant to high temperature rotating chemical engineering systems exploiting magnetized nanofluids and also electromagnetic nanomaterial manufacturing processes

B-spline collocation simulation of non-linear transient magnetic nanobio-tribological squeeze-film flow

A mathematical model is presented for magnetized nanofluid bio-tribological squeeze film flow between two approaching disks. The nanofluid comprises a suspension of metal oxide nanoparticles with an electrically-conducting base fluid, making the nano-suspension responsive to applied magnetic field. The governing viscous momentum, heat and species (nano-particle) conservation equations are normalized with appropriate transformations which renders the original coupled, nonlinear partial differential equation system into a more amenable ordinary differential boundary value problem. The emerging model is shown to be controlled by a number of parameters, viz nanoparticle volume fraction, squeeze number, Hartmann magnetic body force number, disk surface transpiration parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoretic parameter, Prandtl number and Lewis number. Computations are conducted with a B-spline collocation numerical method. Validation with previous homotopy solutions is included. The numerical spline algorithm is shown to achieve excellent convergence and stability in nonlinear bio-tribological boundary value problems. The interaction of heat and mass transfer with nanofluid velocity characteristics is explored. In particular smaller nanoparticle (high Brownian motion parameter) suspensions are studied. The study is relevant to enhanced lubrication performance in novel bio-sensors and intelligent knee joint (orthopaedic) systems

Организация самостоятельной работы студентов во время лекционных занятий

У статті показано, що підвищити ефективність лекційного заняття можна шляхом включення студента в самостійну роботу під час лекції. Розроблена технологія проведення лекційного заняття. Студенти протягом першої години читають надрукований текст лекції. Відбувається самостійна розумова діяльність і процес сприйняття навчального матеріалу. Під час другої години навчальний матеріал викладається лектором. Студенти слухають. Їм не потрібно конспектувати, оскільки вже мають роздрукований і первинно опрацьований текст лекції. Лектор використовує мультимедійні засоби і комп’ютерні технології для пояснення прочитаного студентами. На завершення студенти мають завдання ще раз самостійно опрацювати матеріал в позааудиторний час і зробити короткий конспект. Контроль самостійної роботи у підсумку здійснюється через колоквіум, який проводиться по конспекту. Активізація самостійної роботи студентів під час лекційних занять значно підвищує ефективність сприйняття навчального матеріалу.It is shown that increasing the effectiveness of lecture classes is possible by the inclusion of students in independent work during lectures. The technique of the lecture classes is developed. During the first hour, students read the printed text of the lectures. There is an independent mental activity and the process of perception of educational material. During the next two hours educational material is taught by the lecturer. Students listen. They do not need to take notes because they are printed and initially previously processed by the lecturer. The lecturer uses multimedia and computer technology to explain the reading material to students. Finally, students are given time and additional tasks to independently process material in extracurricular time and make a brief synopsis. Control of independent work at the end is done through colloquium, during which students could use their notes. Revitalization of the independent work of students during lectures increases the efficiency of the perception of educational material.Показано, что повысить эффективность лекционного занятия можно путем включения студента в самостоятельную работу во время лекции. Разработана технология проведения лекционного занятия. Студенты на протяжении первого часа читают напечатанный текст лекции. Происходит самостоятельная умственная деятельность и процесс восприятия учебного материала. Во время второго часа учебный материал излагается лектором. Студенты слушают. Им не нужно конспектировать, поскольку уже имеют распечатанный и первично проработанный текст лекции. Лектор использует мультимедийные средства и компьютерные технологии для объяснения прочитанного студентами. В завершение студенты имеют задание еще раз самостоятельно проработать материал во внеааудиторное время и сделать короткий конспект. Контроль самостоятельной работы в итоге осуществляется через коллоквиум, который проводится по конспекту. Активизация самостоятельной работы студентов во время лекционных занятий значительно повышает эффективность восприятия учебного материала

Thermal Properties of Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructured Carbon Materials

Recent years witnessed a rapid growth of interest of scientific and engineering communities to thermal properties of materials. Carbon allotropes and derivatives occupy a unique place in terms of their ability to conduct heat. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of carbon materials span an extraordinary large range - of over five orders of magnitude - from the lowest in amorphous carbons to the highest in graphene and carbon nanotubes. I review thermal and thermoelectric properties of carbon materials focusing on recent results for graphene, carbon nanotubes and nanostructured carbon materials with different degrees of disorder. A special attention is given to the unusual size dependence of heat conduction in two-dimensional crystals and, specifically, in graphene. I also describe prospects of applications of graphene and carbon materials for thermal management of electronics.Comment: Review Paper; 37 manuscript pages; 4 figures and 2 boxe