Entangled resource for interfacing single- and dual-rail optical qubits

Today's most widely used method of encoding quantum information in optical qubits is the dual-rail basis, often carried out through the polarisation of a single photon. On the other hand, many stationary carriers of quantum information - such as atoms - couple to light via the single-rail encoding in which the qubit is encoded in the number of photons. As such, interconversion between the two encodings is paramount in order to achieve cohesive quantum networks. In this paper, we demonstrate this by generating an entangled resource between the two encodings and using it to teleport a dual-rail qubit onto its single-rail counterpart. This work completes the set of tools necessary for the interconversion between the three primary encodings of the qubit in the optical field: single-rail, dual-rail and continuous-variable.Comment: Published in Quantu

Entanglement of macroscopically distinct states of light

Schr\"odinger's famous Gedankenexperiment has inspired multiple generations of physicists to think about apparent paradoxes that arise when the logic of quantum physics is applied to macroscopic objects. The development of quantum technologies enabled us to produce physical analogues of Schr\"odinger's cats, such as superpositions of macroscopically distinct states as well as entangled states of microscopic and macroscopic entities. Here we take one step further and prepare an optical state which, in Schr\"odinger's language, is equivalent to a superposition of two cats, one of which is dead and the other alive, but it is not known in which state each individual cat is. Specifically, the alive and dead states are, respectively, the displaced single photon and displaced vacuum (coherent state), with the magnitude of displacement being on a scale of $10^8$ photons. These two states have significantly different photon statistics and are therefore macroscopically distinguishable

Loss-tolerant quantum enhanced metrology and state engineering via the reverse Hong-Ou-Mandel effect

Preparing highly entangled quantum states between remote parties is a major challenge for quantum communications [1-8]. Particularly promising in this context are the N00N states, which are entangled N-photon wavepackets delocalized between two different locations, providing measurement sensitivity limited only by the uncertainty principle [1, 10-15]. However, these states are notoriously vulnerable to losses, making it difficult both to share them between remote locations, and to recombine them to exploit interference effects. Here we address this challenge by utilizing the reverse version of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect [16] to prepare a high-fidelity two-photon N00N state shared between two parties connected by a lossy optical channel. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the enhanced phase sensitivity can be directly exploited in the two distant locations, and we remotely prepare superpositions of coherent states, known as Schr\"odinger's cat states" [17, 18]

Estimating the impact of ungulates on holocene steppe ecosystems by analyzing repaired injuries in land snail shells

In this study we propose a method for estimating the impact of ungulates on Holocene steppe ecosystems by analyzing repaired injuries in fossil shells of the land snail Helicopsis striata Mülle

Assessment of the genetic distances between some species of the family Bradybaenidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata)

On the basis of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) loci and the nucleotide sequences of nuclear (18S and ITS-1) and mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S), a phylogenetic analysis of the three species of terrestrial mollusks of the family Bradybaenidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata), Bradybaena fruticum Mull., Bradybaena schrencki Midd., and Bradybaena transbaicalia Shileyko, was conducted to clarify their taxonomic statu

Pharmacological evaluation polysaccharide complex flowers tansy

From flowers tansy extracted polysaccharide complex. Installed its qualitative and quantitative composition, have developed a technique standardizing the content of reducing sugars. By thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography after acid hydrolysis installed monosaccharide composition: glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and mannose. It is proved that the polysaccharide has a high content of uronic acid, which allows it to include the class of pectin. The investigation of gastroprotective activity of polysaccharide in the prophylactic administration at model destruction of the gastric mucosa to indomethacin. Introduction polysaccharide prevents various types of erosive and ulcerative destruction. According to anti-ulcer activity of the drug is superior to ranitidine and comparable to omeprazol

Analysis of microstrip structures by numerical conformal transformations technique

Computer aided microstrip structures modeling has been performed by conformal mapping technique. A new approach to reduce the connectivity order of the original cross-section geometry of the structure is proposed. The multiply connected domain is reduced to simply connected ones by implementation of magnetic slits concept. The microstrip structures analysis is carried out by numerical conformal transformations technique realized in Schwarz–Christoffel toolbox for MATLAB. This technique is applied to the quasi-static analysis of coupled microstrip lines taking into account the conductor thickness. Described approach ensures high numerical efficiency and can be used for accurate analysis of complex microstrip structures

On the issue of the genetic structure of species found in the relic communities of central russian upland southern territories

This paper performs a comparative analysis of population genetic structure concerning specially protected species of terrestrial mollusk Helicopsis striata Müller and the herbaceous plant Androsace kozo-poljanskii Ovs

Development of risk-oriented technologies of the corporate financial controlling system

Financial controlling is one of the functions of financial relations of management system whose main task is to monitor the correct functioning of these relations at the level of a certain managed object with the purpose to decide on sufficiency and effectiveness of managerial decisions. The article considers some peculiarities of creation of a corporate system of financial controlling on the basis of systematization of the existing theoretical and methodical approaches. Also the article presents some directions of improvement of financial controlling tools as well as the results of development of risk-oriented technologies which are aimed at providing financial stability of modern corporations.peer-reviewe