The Energy Sector

To a large extent, the energy sector consists of what can be termed critical infrastructure. It is therefore not surprising that the EU’s new foreign direct investment screening mechanism also includes the energy sector.However, existing EU legislation has provisions that can perform the same function as the more formal screening mechanism. This chapter presents and analyzes this legislation. It is concluded that the present EU energy legislation already contains tools regarding investment control

The competence of neonatal intensive care nurses:a systematic review

Abstract Objective: The objective was to conduct a systematic review describing the competencies required from nurses working in neonatal intensive care settings. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: A total of eight databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Mednar, Web of Science, ProQuest and Medic, were screened for relevant literature during February and September 2022. Review methods: The systematic review process followed Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The inclusion criteria were: 1) (P = population) registered nurses; 2) (C = concept) the competence; 3) (C = context) nursing in neonatal intensive care units; and 4) cross-sectional study as study method. A critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies from Joanna Briggs Institute was used by two independent reviewers. After data extraction, thematic analysis was performed. Results: The database searches yielded a total of 8887 studies and after two independent evaluations, a total of 50 eligible studies were identified comprising of 7536 registered nurses working in neonatal intensive care units across 19 countries. The studies described four main competence themes: 1) neonatal care interventions; 2) caring for a dying infant; 3) family-centered care; and 4) neonatal intensive care interventions. Conclusion: Previous research has focused on evaluating specific competencies that are necessary in the neonatal intensive care setting. There is a need for research concerning the overall competence of nurses working in neonatal intensive care units. There was a lot of variety within the quality of the eligible studies and within the used instruments. Protocol registration: This systematic review was registered in Prospero (PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022308028)

Hoitotyön opiskelijoiden osallistuminen hoitoon:potilaiden kokemuksia

Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata potilaiden kokemuksia hoitotyön opiskelijoiden osallistumisesta heidän hoitoonsa sekä opiskelijapalautteen antamisesta ohjatussa harjoittelussa. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin teemahaastattelemalla 15 potilasta erään yliopistollisen sairaalan vuodeosastoilta, joissa hoitotyön opiskelijoiden harjoittelu toteutettiin opetusmoduulissa. Aineisto analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällönanalyysilla. Potilaiden kokemukset opiskelijoiden osallistumisesta heidän hoitoonsa muodostuivat potilaan merkityksellisestä roolista opiskelijan ammatillisessa kasvussa, potilaskeskeisen hoitotyön toteutumisesta, opiskelijoiden ammatillisesta toiminnasta ja kehittymisestä sekä ohjaavan hoitajan vastuullisesta osallisuudesta. Potilaiden kokemukset opiskelijapalautteen antamisesta liittyivät potilaan palautteenantotaitoon, potilaan asenteeseen palautteenantoa kohtaan ja palautteenannon mahdollistamiseen. Tutkimus tuo uutta tietoa potilaiden kokemuksista opiskelijoiden osallistumisesta heidän hoitoonsa ja opiskelijapalautteen antamisesta. Kokemukset opiskelijoiden osallistumisesta ja opiskelijoiden toteuttamasta hoidosta olivat pääasiassa positiivisia ja potilaat kokivat opiskelijoiden oppimisen mahdollistamisen tärkeäksi. Tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää kehitettäessä opiskelijaohjauskäytänteitä ja vahvistettaessa ohjaavien hoitajien opiskelijaohjausosaamista. Lisäksi potilaiden antamaa palautetta on mahdollista hyödyntää monipuolisemmin ja systemaattisemmin opiskelijan osaamisen kehittymisen tukena.Nursing students’ participation in nursing care : patients’ experiences The purpose of the study was to describe patients’ experiences of nursing students’ participation in their care and of giving feedback to the students during their clinical practice. The data were collected with theme interviews from 15 patients from university hospital clinical education wards. The data were analyzed with inductive content analysis. The experiences of students’ participation in patients’ care were described by the momentous role of the patient in the professional growth of the student, fulfillment of patient-centered nursing, professional performance and development of students, responsible involvement of the mentor. In respect of giving feedback, the patients experiences were related to patients’ feedback skills, patients’ attitude towards the feedback and enabling of patient feedback. This study offers new information on patients’ experiences of nursing students’ participation in their care and of giving feedback to the students during their clinical practice. Patients had mainly positive experiences of nursing care and felt that it was important to play a role in enabling students learning. The results of this study can be utilized when developing standards of clinical practice and intensifying mentors’ competence in mentoring students in clinical practice. In addition, it is possible to utilize the feedback provided by patients in a more versatile and systematic way to support the development of the student’s competence