Phytotoxicity and Field Efficacy of Exserohilum Longirostra Jc/min the Control of Barnyardgrass Ecotypes (Echinochloa Crus-galli Var. Crus-galli(l.) Beauv)

Five selected ecotypes of bamyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-gatti) from several rice growing areas in Malaysia and Indonesia were tested for their susceptibility to the potential bioherbicide (Exserohilum longirostratum). Bamyardgrass seedlings at the 2-3-lcaf stage were treated with 2.5xl07 conidia/ml from E. longirostratum at different application frequencies (single, double and triple). In addition, aqueous extract assays were evaluated for the presence of a phytotoxic compound responsible for the virulence of the bioherbicide. Results of the study showed that disease severity significantly increased 20 days after treatment and resulted in mortality of the seedlings. Ecotypes from Perak and Lampung were most susceptible to the bioherbicide upon triple applications. Percentage dry weight reductions were 86.34 and 83.14%, respectively. Other ecotypes (Melaka, Banten and South Sulawesi) were observed to have a relatively similar response. Moreover, aqueous extracts of E. longirostratum increased mortality up to 92.50% of bamyardgrass seedlings. These findings suggest that regular (double and triple) applications of E. longirostratum at a concentration of 2.5xl07 conidia/ml significantly increased mortality among bamyardgrass ecotypes. Mortality of the seedlings was attributed to the presence of a secondary phytotoxic metabolite

PKM MESIN PERAJANG JERAMI UNTUK PENGOLAHAN MAKANAN TERNAK

PKM MESIN PERAJANG JERAMI UNTUK PENGOLAHAN MAKANAN TERNA

A nutrigenetic approach for investigating the relationship between vitamin B12 status and metabolic traits in Indonesian women

Purpose: Adverse effects of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency have been linked to major clinical outcomes, including increased body mass index and gestational diabetes, however, less is known about vitamin B12 nutrition in non-pregnant women. Hence, the aim of the present study was to explore the relationships between metabolic traits and vitamin B12 status in a cohort of healthy Indonesian women and to investigate whether these relationships were modified by dietary intake using a genetic approach. Methods: A total of 117 Minangkabau women (aged 25-60 years), from the city of Padang, West Sumatra underwent anthropometric, biochemical, dietary intake analysis and genetic tests. Genetic risk scores (GRS) based on nine vitamin B12 associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (B12-GRS) and nine metabolic SNPs (metabolic-GRS) were constructed. Results: The B12-GRS and metabolic-GRS had no effect on vitamin B12 (P>0.160) and metabolic traits (P>0.085). However, an interaction was observed between the B12-GRS and dietary fibre intake (g) on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels (P interaction=0.042), where among those who consumed a low fibre diet (4.90 ± 1.00 g/day), individuals carrying ≥9 risk alleles for vitamin B12 deficiency had significantly higher HbA1C levels (P=0.025) compared to those carrying ≤8 risk alleles. Conclusion: Our study showed a significant impact of the B12-GRS on HbA1C concentrations through the influence of a dietary factor, however, our study failed to provide evidence for an impact of metabolic-GRS on lowering B12 concentrations. Further replication studies utilizing larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings

Interaction between the genetic risk score and dietary protein intake on cardiometabolic traits in South East Asian

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases are complex traits which are influenced by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, analysing the combined effects of multiple gene variants might provide a better understanding of disease risk than using a single gene variant approach. Furthermore, studies have found that the effect of SNPs on cardiometabolic traits can be influenced by lifestyle factors, highlighting the importance of analysing gene-lifestyle interactions. Aims: In the present study, we investigated the association of 15 gene variants with cardiometabolic traits and examined whether these associations were modified by lifestyle factors such as dietary intake and physical activity. Methods: The study included 110 Minangkabau women [aged 25-60 years and body mass index (BMI) 25.13±4.2 kg/m2] from Padang, Indonesia. All participants underwent a physical examination followed by anthropometric, biochemical and dietary assessments and genetic tests. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed based on 15 cardio-metabolic disease-related SNPs. The effect of GRS on cardiometabolic traits was analysed using general linear models. GRS-lifestyle interactions on continuous outcomes were tested by including the interaction term (e.g., lifestyle factor*GRS) in the regression model. Models were adjusted for age, BMI and location (rural or urban), wherever appropriate. Results: There was a significant association between GRS and BMI, where individuals carrying 6 or more risk alleles had higher BMI compared to those carrying 5 or less risk alleles (P=0.018). Furthermore, there were significant interactions of GRS with protein intake on waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride concentrations (Pinteraction= 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Amongst women who had a lower protein intake (13.51±1.18% of the total daily energy intake), carriers of six or more risk alleles had significantly lower WC and triglyceride concentrations compared with carriers of five or less risk alleles (P=0.0118 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Our study confirmed the association of GRS with higher BMI and further showed a significant effect of the GRS on WC and triglyceride levels through the influence of a low-protein diet. These findings suggest that following a lower protein diet, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals, might be an effective approach for addressing cardiometabolic diseases among South East Asian women

A novel interaction between a 23-SNP genetic risk score and monounsaturated fatty acid intake on HbA1c levels in Southeast Asian women

Metabolic diseases result from interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors. Understanding the combined influences of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyle is crucial. This study employs genetic risk scores (GRS) to assess SNPs, providing insight beyond single gene/SNP studies by revealing synergistic effects. Here, we aim to investigate the association of a 23-SNP GRS with metabolic disease-related traits (obesity and type 2 diabetes) to understand if these associations are altered by lifestyle/dietary factors. For this study, 106 Minangkabau women were included and underwent physical, anthropometric, biochemical, dietary and genetic evaluations. The interaction of GRS with lifestyle factors was analyzed using linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. No statistically significant associations were observed between GRS and metabolic traits; however, this study demonstrates a novel interaction observed between 13-SNP GRS and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake, and that it had an effect on HbA1c levels (p = 0.026). Minangkabau women with low MUFA intake (≤7.0 g/day) and >13 risk alleles had significantly higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.010). This finding has implications for public health, suggesting the need for large-scale studies to confirm our results before implementing dietary interventions in the Indonesian population. Identifying genetic influences on dietary response can inform personalized nutrition strategies to reduce the risk of metabolic disease

New Paradigm on Plant Quarantine System for Protection of Biological Diversity in Indonesia

Plant quarantine system becomes an important pillar in the protection of biological diversities from the threat of plant pests and diseases. The implementation of plant quarantine system currently covers prevention of spread of quarantine pests, food safety, food quality, genetic resources and bio-agents, as well as invasive alien species and genetically modified organism. During 2014 to 2018, a total of 232 frequency intercepted of quarantine pests of viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, and weeds have been detected. These pests associated with plant materials from various countries in Asia, Europe, the United States, Australia and Africa that may potentially threaten biological diversities when dispersed within Indonesian territory. Implementation of risk analysis and appropriate level of protection consideration can be clustered in to pre-border, at-border, and post-border activities in order to mitigate the risk of quarantine pests and biosafety monitoring into Indonesian territory. Utilizing advances in pest detection technology in the industrial era 4.0 could provide benefits in the agricultural sectors. Various detection technologies using drones and bio-sensors have contributed in the field of plant protection, especially as pest detection and monitoring tools in the field. Furthermore, the establishment of proficiency certification agency for plant quarantine systems may contribute efficient and effective operations in the near future

Media Kartu Kata Bergambar terhadap Penguasaan Kosakata Inggris Anak di Tk Teratai Unm Makassar

Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan media kartu kata bergambar terhadap penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris kelompok B di TK Teratai UNM Makassar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media kartu kata bergambar terhadap penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris anak kelompok B di TK Teratai UNM Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen pre-experimental design (nondesign) dengan desain One Group Pretest-Posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris anak kelompok B Taman Kanak-Kanak Teratai UNM Makassar di mana pada bagian test statistics menunjukkan hasil uji Wilcoxon, yang diperoleh perhitungan dengan nilai Asymp Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 (p<0,05), dengan demikian Ho ditolak. Artinya, ada pengaruhpenerapan metode pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media kartu kata berpengaruh terhadap penguasaan kosakata pada anak khusunya di TK Teratai UNM Makassar