How the chance of missing the alarm during an on-call shift affects pre-bed anxiety, sleep and next day cognitive performance

© 2018 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This author accepted manuscript is made available following 12 month embargo from date of publication (September 2018) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policy.This study investigated how the likelihood of missing an alarm affects pre-bed anxiety, sleep and next day cognitive performance during on-call shifts. Participants (n=24) completed one adaptation night, one control night and two on-call nights in a time-isolated sleep laboratory. On one of the on-call nights, participants were informed that they would be woken by a loud alarm that they would definitely not be able to sleep through (low likelihood of missing the alarm). On the other on-call night, participants were informed that they would be woken by a quiet alarm that they may sleep through (high likelihood of missing the alarm). The two on-call nights were counterbalanced. Pre-bed anxiety was measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory x-1, while sleep macro- and micro-architecture was examined via routine polysomnography and power spectral analyses respectively. Following each sleep, cognitive performance was assessed four times (0930, 1200, 1430, 1700) using the 10-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Results indicated that while pre-bed anxiety was similarly increased during both high and low likelihood of missing the on-call alarm conditions compared with control, only in the high likelihood condition was total sleep time shorter and sleep efficiency lower compared with the control condition. However, more wake after sleep onset was found in the low likelihood condition compared with control. PVT data indicate that response times (mean reciprocal and mean fastest 10% of reaction time) were fastest in the low likelihood condition, indicating better performance when compared with both other conditions. However, there were significantly more lapses in the low likelihood condition compared with control. No significant EEG power spectral differences were observed. As such, it appears that there are detrimental effects of both on-call conditions on anxiety, sleep and performance, with sleep poorest when the likelihood of missing the alarm is high. The adverse impacts on sleep and performance outcomes while on-call may be mitigated by the implementation of workplace systems to reduce the likelihood of missing alarms (e.g., having two available options for contacting on-call workers).This study was funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery grant (DP 150104497). Funding for Madeline Sprajcer’s PhD scholarship was provided by this grant. Dr Grace Vincent is supported by an Early Career Fellowship at Central Queensland University

Структурно-функциональные модификации лимфоидных органов при вибрационных воздействиях и их коррекция с использованием эссенциальных фосфолипидов

The research of lymphoid organs of male rats of Vistar line wich were subjected to vibration with freguency of 32 Hz during 30 days has been conducted. Cytological shifts of the basic structural components of the investigated organs during the vibration period, postcontact rehabilitation period (30, 60 days) and under essencial phospholipides correction were estimated by the methods of light and electron microscopy and morphometry. The analysis of the obtained data demonstrated that the important infringement of lymphoid organs structures takes place. The dynamic study of morphofunctional and ultrastructural changes, cytoarchitectony of parenchymatous stromal compartment gives evidence of the development of degenerate-distrophic processes with mainly involutional character. Pharmacological correction resulted in positive dynamic of cytological shifs and helped to rehabilitation the natural cell phenotype.Проведено экспериментальное исследование лимфоидных органов (тимус) у крыс-самцов линии Вистар, подвергавшихся воздействию вибрации частотой 32 Гц в течение 30 дней. Методами световой и электронной микроскопии, морфометрии оценивались цитологические сдвиги основных структурных компонентов изучаемых органов в период вибрационной нагрузки, восстановительный постконтактный период (30, 60 сут) и на фоне коррекции эссенциальными фосфолипидами. Анализ полученных данных показал, что в процессе вибрационного влияния происходит существенное нарушение структуры лимфоидных органов. Изучение динамики морфофункциональных и ультраструктурных изменений, цитоархитектоники паренхиматозно-стромального компонента свидетельствует о развитии дегенеративно-дистрофических процессов преимущественно инволютивного характера. Фармакологическая коррекция способствует восстановлению естественного фенотипа клеток

Multi-night measurement for diagnosis and simplified monitoring of obstructive sleep apnoea

Substantial night-to-night variability in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity has raised misdiagnosis and misdirected treatment concerns with the current prevailing single-night diagnostic approach. In-home, multinight sleep monitoring technology may provide a feasible complimentary diagnostic pathway to improve both the speed and accuracy of OSA diagnosis and monitor treatment efficacy. This review describes the latest evidence on night-to-night variability in OSA severity, and its impact on OSA diagnostic misclassification. Emerging evidence for the potential impact of night-to-night variability in OSA severity to influence important health risk outcomes associated with OSA is considered. This review also characterises emerging diagnostic applications of wearable and non-wearable technologies that may provide an alternative, or complimentary, approach to traditional OSA diagnostic pathways. The required evidence to translate these devices into clinical care is also discussed. Appropriately sized randomised controlled trials are needed to determine the most appropriate and effective technologies for OSA diagnosis, as well as the optimal number of nights needed for accurate diagnosis and management. Potential risks versus benefits, patient perspectives, and cost-effectiveness of these novel approaches should be carefully considered in future trials.Bastien Lechat, Hannah Scott, Jack Manners, Robert Adams, Simon Proctor, Sutapa Mukherjee, Peter Catcheside, Danny J. Eckert, Andrew Vakulin, Amy C. Reynold

Cognition in schizophrenia improves with treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnoea: a pilot study

Previous studies have shown that people with schizophrenia have high rates of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA). Despite this, intervention studies to treat OSA in this population have not been undertaken. The ASSET (Assessing Sleep in Schizophrenia and Evaluating Treatment) pilot study investigated Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment of severe OSA in participants recruited from a clozapine clinic in Adelaide. Participants with severe untreated OSA (Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI) > 30), were provided with CPAP treatment, and assessed at baseline and six months across the following domains: physical health, quality of sleep, sleepiness, cognition, psychiatric symptoms and CPAP adherence. Six of the eight ASSET participants with severe OSA accepted CPAP. At baseline, half of the cohort had hypertension, all were obese with a mean BMI of 45, and they scored on average 1.47 standard deviations below the normal population in cognitive testing. The mean AHI was 76.8 and sleep architecture was markedly impaired with mean rapid eye movement (REM) sleep 4.1% and mean slow wave sleep (SWS) 4.8%. After six months of treatment there were improvements in cognition (BACS Z score improved by an average of 0.59) and weight loss (mean weight loss 7.3 ± 9 kg). Half of the participants no longer had hypertension and sleep architecture improved with mean REM sleep 31.4% of the night and mean SWS 24% of the night. Our data suggests CPAP may offer novel benefits to address cognitive impairment and sleep disturbance in people with schizophrenia.Hannah Myles, Nicholas Myles, Ching Li Chai Coetzer, Robert Adams, Madhu Chandratilleke, Dennis Liu, Jeremy Mercer, Andrew Vakulin, Andrew Vincent, Gary Wittert, Cherrie Galletl

Chitosan-Based Polyelectrolyte Complex in Combination with Allotropic Forms of Carbon as a Basis for Thin-Film Organic Electronics

Received: 30.05.2024. Revised: 11.06.2024. Accepted: 19.06.2024. Available online: 28.06.2024.Samples of a new polymer composite material based on a PEC doped with various allotropic forms of carbon were prepared.Based on the films studied, field-effect transistors were created and their output and transfer characteristics were measured.If a combination of both GO and SWCNT is incorporated into the nanocomposite, the mobility of carriers increases sharply.Using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the morphology and mobility of charge carriers in composite films with a thickness of no more than 500 nm obtained on the basis of a polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan and chitosan succinamide with addition of particles of carbon materials were studied and estimated. The following carbon materials were used: single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and carbon-containing sorbents with different specific surfaces (Carboblack C and Carbopack). Moreover, the studied materials in the form of films were used as a transport layer in the structure of field-effect transistors. The output and transfer characteristics of the transistors obtained were measured. According to the measurement results, the mobility of charge carriers, μ, ranges from 0.341 to 1.123 cm2 V–1·s–1, depending on the type of carbon material added. The best result was demonstrated by films based on a composite containing simultaneously single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide (μ = 10.972 cm2 V–1·s–1).This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (scientific code FZWU-2023-0002) and by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant № 23-73-00119), https://rscf.ru/project/23-73-00119/

Associations of baseline obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture with cognitive function after 8 years in middle‐aged and older men from a community‐based cohort study

OnlinePublPrevious prospective studies examining associations of obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture with future cognitive function recruited older participants, many demonstrating baseline cognitive impairment. This study examined obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture predictors of visual attention, processing speed, and executive function after 8 years among younger community-dwelling men. Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study participants (n = 477) underwent homebased polysomnography, with 157 completing Trail-Making Tests A and B and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Associations of obstructive sleep apnea (apnea– hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and hypoxic burden index) and sleep macroarchitecture (sleep stage percentages and total sleep time) parameters with future cognitive function were examined using regression models adjusted for baseline demographic, biomedical, and behavioural factors, and cognitive task performance. The mean (standard deviation) age of the men at baseline was 58.9 (8.9) years, with severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥30 events/h) in 9.6%. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 8.3 (7.9–8.6) years. A minority of men (14.6%) were cognitively impaired at baseline (Mini-Mental State Examination score <28/30). A higher percentage of light sleep was associated with better TrailMaking Test A performance (B = 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06, 0.01; p = 0.003), whereas higher mean oxygen saturation was associated with worse performance (B = 0.11, 95% CI 0.02, 0.19; p = 0.012). While obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture might predict cognitive decline, future studies should consider arousal events and non-routine hypoxaemia measures, which may show associations with cognitive decline.Jesse L. Parker, Andrew Vakulin, Ganesh Naik, Yohannes Adama Melaku, David Stevens, Gary A. Wittert, Sean A. Martin, Peter G. Catcheside, Barbara Toson, Sarah L. Appleton, Robert J. Adam

Associations of Baseline Sleep Microarchitecture with Cognitive Function After 8 Years in Middle-Aged and Older Men from a Community-Based Cohort Study

Published: 24 May 2023. Corrected by: Corrigendum to: Associations of Baseline Sleep Microarchitecture with Cognitive Function After 8 Years in Middle-Aged and Older Men from a Community-Based Cohort Study (Nat Sci Sleep. 2023, 15, 389–406.) In vol. 15 (2023), pp. 433-434. The authors advise that the funding section on page 404 is incorrect.Purpose: Prospective studies examining associations between baseline sleep microarchitecture and future cognitive function recruited from small samples with predominantly short follow-up. This study examined sleep microarchitecture predictors of cognitive function (visual attention, processing speed, and executive function) after 8 years in community-dwelling men. Patients and Methods: Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study participants (n=477) underwent home-based polysomnography (2010– 2011), with 157 completing baseline (2007– 2010) and follow-up (2018– 2019) cognitive assessments (trail-making tests A [TMT-A] and B [TMT-B] and the standardized mini-mental state examination [SMMSE]). Whole-night F4-M1 sleep EEG recordings were processed following artifact exclusion, and quantitative EEG characteristics were obtained using validated algorithms. Associations between baseline sleep microarchitecture and future cognitive function (visual attention, processing speed, and executive function) were examined using linear regression models adjusted for baseline obstructive sleep apnoea, other risk factors, and cognition. Results: The final sample included men aged (mean [SD]) 58.9 (8.9) years at baseline, overweight (BMI 28.5 [4.2] kg/m2), and well educated (75.2% ≥Bachelor, Certificate, or Trade), with majorly normal baseline cognition. Median (IQR) follow-up was 8.3 (7.9, 8.6) years. In adjusted analyses, NREM and REM sleep EEG spectral power was not associated with TMT-A, TMT-B, or SMMSE performance (all p> 0.05). A significant association of higher N3 sleep fast spindle density with worse TMT-B performance (B=1.06, 95% CI [0.13, 2.00], p=0.026) did not persist following adjustment for baseline TMT-B performance. Conclusion: In this sample of community-dwelling men, sleep microarchitecture was not independently associated with visual attention, processing speed, or executive function after 8 years.Jesse L Parker, Andrew Vakulin, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Gary A Wittert, Sean A Martin, Angela L D, Rozario, Peter G Catcheside, Bastien Lechat, Barbara Toson, Alison J Teare, Sarah L Appleton, Robert J Adam

Correlation between driving-related skill and alcohol use in young-adults from six European countries: the TEN-D by Night Project

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Only few studies with small experimental samples investigated the impact of psychoactive substances on driving performance. We conducted a multicenter international cross-sectional study to evaluate the correlation between alcohol use and driving-related skill as measured by brake reaction time (RT).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Before and after the entrance into randomly selected recreational sites from six European countries, all subjects aged 16-35 years, owning a driver license, were asked to compile a structured socio-demographic questionnaire and measure RT (SimuNomad3 driving simulator), breath alcohol concentration (BAC; Drager Alcoltest), and drug use (Oratect III saliva test, only at the exit). Mixed regression modeling was used to evaluate the independent association between RT and alcohol concentration or drug use.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Before the entrance into the recreational site, 4534 subjects completed all assessments and composed the final sample. Their mean age was 23.1 ± 4.2y; 68.3% were males; 54.7% had BAC > 0 g/L (assumed alcoholics); 7.5% declared illegal drug assumption (mostly cannabis). After the exit, 3019 also completed the second assessment: 71.7% showed BAC > 0 g/L. Controlling for age, gender, educational level, occupation, driver license years, and drug use, BAC was positively associated with RT, achieving significance, however, only when BAC was higher than 0.49 g/L. Significant interaction terms were found between BAC and female gender or drug use, with highest RTs (> 1 sec.) recorded among drug users with BAC > = 1 g/L.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This field study confirms previous experimental data on the negative impact of alcohol use on driving-related skill, supporting regulations and educational campaigns aimed at discouraging driving after consumption of psychoactive substances.</p

Establishing the acute physiological and sleep disruption characteristics of wind farm versus road traffic noise disturbances in sleep: a randomized controlled trial protocol

Advance access publication 6 September 2023Study Objectives: Despite the global expansion of wind farms, effects of wind farm noise (WFN) on sleep remain poorly understood. This protocol details a randomized controlled trial designed to compare the sleep disruption characteristics of WFN versus road traffic noise (RTN). Methods: This study was a prospective, seven night within-subjects randomized controlled in-laboratory polysomnography-based trial. Four groups of adults were recruited from; 15 s events) from sleep by each noise type with acute (20-s) and more sustained (3-min) noise exposures. Secondary analyses will compare dose–response effects of sound pressure level and noise type on EEG K-complex probabilities and quantitative EEG measures, and cardiovascular activation responses. Group effects, self-reported noise sensitivity, and wake versus sleep noise exposure effects will also be examined. Conclusions: This study will help to clarify if wind farm noise has different sleep disruption characteristics compared to road traffic noise.Gorica Micic, Branko Zajamsek, Bastien Lechat, Kristy Hansen, Hannah Scott, Barbara Toson, Tessa Liebich, Claire Dunbar, Duc Phuc Nguyen, Felix Decup, Andrew Vakulin, Nicole Lovato, Leon Lack, Colin Hansen, Dorothy Bruck, Ching Li Chai-Coetzer, Jeremy Mercer, Con Doolan and Peter Catchesid

COOLING DOWN OF OIL WHEN THE PIPELINE STOPS IN FROZEN SOIL

The article presents the formulation and solution of the associated problem of oil cooling when the underground laying oil pipeline stops and the temperature changes in frozen soil in the presence of moss and snow cover on the surface. A physical and mathematical model and an associated computational algorithm for calculating the parameters of oil in a pipeline and soil with covers have been developed. Peculiarities of solidification of oil containing N-fractions of paraffins during heat removal into frozen soil have been studied. In this work, an important solved problem is the approximation of a characteristic diagram of phase equilibrium states during cooling of paraffinic oil in the temperature range from the onset of crystallization of paraffins to the pour point. A feature of the problem being solved is that the temperature field of oil in the pipeline (region A) and the temperature field of the moist soil surrounding the pipeline (region B) have a common border — the pipeline wall, which is assumed to be thin. Through the pipeline wall, the temperature of which is not known in advance, the mutual influence of temperature fields (conjugation) is taken into account. The results of an experimental study of changes in the temperature in the pipeline with time in laboratory conditions are presented. The calculation results are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data on the solidification of high-viscosity paraffinic oil in a model oil pipeline when the oil is cooled from +4.5 to −5.5 °C. On the basis of the physical and mathematical model developed in this article and the coupled algorithm for calculating the parameters of soil and oil, it has been established that in the presence of moss and snow cover, characteristic of the winter conditions of the Middle Ob region of Western Siberia, in an oil pipeline with a nominal diameter of 700 mm, oil freezes in a time of 40 60 hours depending on soil parameters and oil fractional composition.</jats:p