Infants With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Are at Risk for Hypercalcemia, Hypercalciuria, and Nephrocalcinosis

In a retrospective study, most young children with CAH had at least one episode of hypercalcemia, whereas a smaller percentage was found to have hypercalciuria and/or nephrocalcinosis

EtanaViz: A Visual User Interface to Archaeological Digital Libraries

Analyzing and hypothesizing are important scientific processes involved in archaeological activity. In this paper, we describe a visual user interface closely coupled with services for archaeological digital libraries, to help archaeologists analyze data and test hypotheses. Our system, EtanaViz, employs a dynamic hyperbolic tree to display hierarchical relationships among excavation records, based on spatial, temporal, and artifact-related taxonomies. Also, EtanaViz provides stacked bar charts to indicate categories. More specifically, we show how EtanaViz can help users analyze data about animal bones excavated from two archaeological sites, Tell Nimrin and Tell al-'Umayri'. The fauna are associated with cultural phases. Comparisons of animal bones from Tell Nimrin across cultural phases provide insights into changing subsistence strategies during these time periods. Inter-site comparisons also show shifts in animal use as well as long-term adaptations to environmental changes

Epidermolysa bullosa in Danish Hereford calves is caused by a deletion in LAMC2 gene

BACKGROUND Heritable forms of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) constitute a heterogeneous group of skin disorders of genetic aetiology that are characterised by skin and mucous membrane blistering and ulceration in response to even minor trauma. Here we report the occurrence of EB in three Danish Hereford cattle from one herd. RESULTS Two of the animals were necropsied and showed oral mucosal blistering, skin ulcerations and partly loss of horn on the claws. Lesions were histologically characterized by subepidermal blisters and ulcers. Analysis of the family tree indicated that inbreeding and the transmission of a single recessive mutation from a common ancestor could be causative. We performed whole genome sequencing of one affected calf and searched all coding DNA variants. Thereby, we detected a homozygous 2.4 kb deletion encompassing the first exon of the LAMC2 gene, encoding for laminin gamma 2 protein. This loss of function mutation completely removes the start codon of this gene and is therefore predicted to be completely disruptive. The deletion co-segregates with the EB phenotype in the family and absent in normal cattle of various breeds. Verifying the homozygous private variants present in candidate genes allowed us to quickly identify the causative mutation and contribute to the final diagnosis of junctional EB in Hereford cattle. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation confirms the known role of laminin gamma 2 in EB aetiology and shows the importance of whole genome sequencing in the analysis of rare diseases in livestock

Theory in the short story "Sogavanam"

Damage to the environment affects not only humans, but all living beings. People get tensed when something harms their beloved and the same people don’t get tensed when birds and animals are affected. Knowingly or unknowingly, animals and birds play an important role in human living environment. A wise man knowingly destroys nature. S. Tharman's short story “Sogavanam” shows that the birds that nest in trees and stay in tree trunks and roam around happily are greatly affected by the urbanization. He has created a sad forest with his writings and mentioned about the noisy environment due to the increase in traffic and the change in the food styles of the birds. The story travels along with the ecological aspects of conservation and non-pollution of ecological factors. This article examines how ecological principles fit into narrative events and how the future society should maintain ecological factors

A comparative study of intravenous dexmedetomidine and midazolam on prolongation of spinal anesthesia

Background: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous dexmedetomidine and midazolam on prolongation of spinal anesthesia.Methods: The study population included people who were undergoing for spinal anesthesia for various surgeries. A total of 90 subject were randomized equally to Dexmedetomidine, Midazolam and saline groups using a computer generated random number sequence. Three study groups were compared with respect to all the baseline variables. The key outcome parameters and hemodynamic parameters were compared among the three study groups.Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in baseline paramters across study groups. The median values of patient satisfaction score and anesthesiologist satisfaction score were almost equal among three study groups, but the association was statistically not significant. The median VAS and the median HSL were slightly lower in dexmedetomidine group than other two groups (VAS-1,2,3 respectively and HSL -4,6,6 respectively) with statistically significant association (P0.05) except with number of patients requiring analgesic for the first 24 hours (P value<0.05).Conclusions: Measurement of patient and anesthesiologist satisfaction scores are more or less similar in midazolam and dexmedetomidine groups compare to saline group

A cochlear progenitor pool influences patterning of the mammalian sensory epithelium via MYBL2.

During embryonic development, Wnt signaling influences both proliferation and sensory formation in the cochlea. How this dual nature of Wnt signaling is coordinated is unknown. In this study, we define a novel role for a Wnt-regulated gene, Mybl2, which was already known to be important for proliferation, in determining the size and patterning of the sensory epithelium in the murine cochlea. Using a quantitative spatial analysis approach and analyzing Mybl2 loss-of-function, we show that Mybl2 promoted proliferation in the inner sulcus domain but limited the size of the sensory domain by influencing their adjoining boundary position via Jag1 regulation during development. Mybl2 loss-of-function simultaneously decreased proliferation in the inner sulcus and increased the size of the sensory domain, resulting in a wider sensory epithelium with ectopic inner hair cell formation during late embryonic stages. These data suggest that progenitor cells in the inner sulcus determine boundary formation and pattern the sensory epithelium via MYBL2

SCREENING FOR PHYTOCHEMICALS AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF MYRISTICA DACTYLOIDS FRUIT EXTRACTS

Objective: The present investigation focus on screening of phytochemicals and FT-IR analysis of Myristica dactyloids fruit extracts. The fruit extracts were prepared using five different solvents.Methods: The phytochemical analysis and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis were performed using standard methods.Results: The results reveals that the alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, proteins, carbohydrates, cardio glycosides and saponins were present in methanolic extract when compared to other solvent extracts. FT-IR analysis shows the presence of different functional groups such as carboxylic acids, aromatics, alkanes, alcohols, phenols, aliphatic amines, alkenes and amine groups in the fruit extracts.Conclusion: The study concluded that the methanolic extract (M. dactyloides fruit) has potential bioactive compounds

Tree Based Boosting Algorithm to Tackle the Overfitting in Healthcare Data

Healthcare data refers to information about an individual's or population's health issues, reproductive results, causes of mortality, and quality of life. When people interact with healthcare systems, a variety of health data is collected and used. However, these healthcare data are noisy as well as it prone to over-fitting. Over-fitting is a modeling error in statistics that occurs when a function is too closely aligned to a limited set of data points. As a result, the model learns the information and noise in the training data to the point where it degrades the model's performance on fresh data. The tree-based boosting approach works well on over-fitted data and is well suited for healthcare data. Improved Paloboost performs trimmed gradient and updated learning rate using Out-of-Bag mistakes collected from Out-of-Bag data. Out-of-Bag data are the data that are not present in In-Bag data. Improved Paloboost's outcome will protect against over-fitting in noisy healthcare data and outperform all tree baseline models. The Improved Paloboost is better at avoiding over-fitting of data and is less sensitive, according to experimental results on health-care datasets