Rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients exercise training component

Even though Barach in 1964 advocated physical exercise for patients with chronic lung diseases (1), it was only in early 1970s that a liberal use of exercise training was included in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes (2). The relentless downhill course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over many years and the concomitant worsening of dyspnoea limit the activity of patients, leading to a vicious cycle of increasing inactivity and dyspnoea. This in turn aggravates the debilitating effects of the disease. Exercise training has been advocated as an important component in pulmonary rehabilitation to improve well-being and to reduce subsequent hospital admissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Imaging magnetic polarons in the doped Fermi-Hubbard model

Polarons are among the most fundamental quasiparticles emerging in interacting many-body systems, forming already at the level of a single mobile dopant. In the context of the two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model, such polarons are predicted to form around charged dopants in an antiferromagnetic background in the low doping regime close to the Mott insulating state. Macroscopic transport and spectroscopy measurements related to high $T_{c}$ materials have yielded strong evidence for the existence of such quasiparticles in these systems. Here we report the first microscopic observation of magnetic polarons in a doped Fermi-Hubbard system, harnessing the full single-site spin and density resolution of our ultracold-atom quantum simulator. We reveal the dressing of mobile doublons by a local reduction and even sign reversal of magnetic correlations, originating from the competition between kinetic and magnetic energy in the system. The experimentally observed polaron signatures are found to be consistent with an effective string model at finite temperature. We demonstrate that delocalization of the doublon is a necessary condition for polaron formation by contrasting this mobile setting to a scenario where the doublon is pinned to a lattice site. Our work paves the way towards probing interactions between polarons, which may lead to stripe formation, as well as microscopically exploring the fate of polarons in the pseudogap and bad metal phase

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Primary tuberculosis of skin (Tuberculous chancre) in an infant of tuberculous mother - a case report

A case of proven primary skin tuberculosis in an infant born to a mother with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis is reported. Both were treated successfully with short-course chemotherapy

Conditional gene deletion reveals functional redundancy of GABAB receptors in peripheral nociceptors in vivo

Background Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter which mainly mediates its effects on neurons via ionotropic (GABAA) and metabotropic (GABAB) receptors. GABAB receptors are widely expressed in the central and the peripheral nervous system. Although there is evidence for a key function of GABAB receptors in the modulation of pain, the relative contribution of peripherally- versus centrally-expressed GABAB receptors is unclear. Results In order to elucidate the functional relevance of GABAB receptors expressed in peripheral nociceptive neurons in pain modulation we generated and analyzed conditional mouse mutants lacking functional GABAB(1) subunit specifically in nociceptors, preserving expression in the spinal cord and brain (SNS-GABAB(1)-/- mice). Lack of the GABAB(1) subunit precludes the assembly of functional GABAB receptor. We analyzed SNS-GABAB(1)-/- mice and their control littermates in several models of acute and neuropathic pain. Electrophysiological studies on peripheral afferents revealed higher firing frequencies in SNS-GABAB(1)-/- mice compared to corresponding control littermates. However no differences were seen in basal nociceptive sensitivity between these groups. The development of neuropathic and chronic inflammatory pain was similar across the two genotypes. The duration of nocifensive responses evoked by intraplantar formalin injection was prolonged in the SNS-GABAB(1)-/- animals as compared to their control littermates. Pharmacological experiments revealed that systemic baclofen-induced inhibition of formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors was not dependent upon GABAB(1) expression in nociceptors. Conclusion This study addressed contribution of GABAB receptors expressed on primary afferent nociceptive fibers to the modulation of pain. We observed that neither the development of acute and chronic pain nor the analgesic effects of a systematically-delivered GABAB agonist was significantly changed upon a specific deletion of GABAB receptors from peripheral nociceptive neurons in vivo. This lets us conclude that GABAB receptors in the peripheral nervous system play a less important role than those in the central nervous system in the regulation of pain

Acute respiratory infection in children

Only recently, it has been realised that Acute Respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of death in children. Out of nearly 15 million children under five, dying each year, four million die of ARI, and two thirds of these are infants, and more than 90% of all these deaths occur in developing countries1. In India2, 15-20% mortality in infants and children are due to ARI. During first five years of life, on an average, a child in urban area and in rural area may suffer from 5-8 episodes3 and 1-3 episodes4 of ARI per year respectively. The higher incidence of episodes in urban area may be due to over-crowding and urban air pollution

Fluctuations in Ca, Mg and P levels in the hemolymph, muscle, midgut gland and exoskeleton during the moult cycle of the Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

Fluctuations of Ca, Mg and P in the hemolymph, midgut gland, muscle and exoskeleton of the penaeid prawn Penaeus indicus during different stages of the moulting cycle have been investigated. 2. Haemolymph, midgut gland and muscle showed a high content of Ca during late premoult stages and low content in late postmoult and intermoult stages. In exoskeletal tissue the Ca level was high in intermoult and early premoult stages and the lowest level was recorded in the early postmoult stage. Magnesium showed an almost similar trend to that of Ca. Phosphorus content did not show noticeable changes in haemolymph and muscle during moult cycle; in exoskeleton, higher levels were recorded in last premoult and early postmoult stages. 3. The quantitative distribution of Ca, Mg and P in different parts of the exoskeleton was mapped

Au9+ swift heavy ion irradiation of Zn[CS(NH2)2]3SO4 crystal: Crystalline perfection and optical properties

The single crystal of tris(thiourea)zinc sulphate (Zn[CS(NH2)2]3SO4) was irradiated by 150 MeV Au9+ swift heavy ions and analyzed in comparison with pure crystal for crystalline perfection and optical properties. The Fourier transform infrared and x-ray powder diffraction inferred that swift ions lead the disordering and breaking of molecular bonds in lattice without formation of new structural phases. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) revealed the abundance of point defects, and formation of mosaics and low angle grain boundaries in the irradiated region of crystal. The swift ion irradiation found to affect the lattice vibrational modes and functional groups significantly. The defects induced by heavy ions act as the color centers and resulted in enhance of photoluminescence emission intensity. The optical transparency and band gap found to be decreased.Comment: 7 page

Time-resolved observation of spin-charge deconfinement in fermionic Hubbard chains

Elementary particles such as the electron carry several quantum numbers, for example, charge and spin. However, in an ensemble of strongly interacting particles, the emerging degrees of freedom can fundamentally differ from those of the individual constituents. Paradigmatic examples of this phenomenon are one-dimensional systems described by independent quasiparticles carrying either spin (spinon) or charge (holon). Here we report on the dynamical deconfinement of spin and charge excitations in real space following the removal of a particle in Fermi-Hubbard chains of ultracold atoms. Using space- and time-resolved quantum gas microscopy, we track the evolution of the excitations through their signatures in spin and charge correlations. By evaluating multi-point correlators, we quantify the spatial separation of the excitations in the context of fractionalization into single spinons and holons at finite temperatures

Studies on moult staging, moulting duration and moulting behaviour in Indian White shrimp Penaeus indicus Milne Edwards (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

Characterisation and classification of complete moult cycle of Penaeus indicus have been worked out on the basis of setal development Seotogenic moults taging was found to be a rapid and simple technique. Since excision of appendage is not required, this technique is non-destuctive and permits repetitive moult staging of an individual shrimp