Fuzzy Fibers: Uncertainty in dMRI Tractography

Fiber tracking based on diffusion weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) allows for noninvasive reconstruction of fiber bundles in the human brain. In this chapter, we discuss sources of error and uncertainty in this technique, and review strategies that afford a more reliable interpretation of the results. This includes methods for computing and rendering probabilistic tractograms, which estimate precision in the face of measurement noise and artifacts. However, we also address aspects that have received less attention so far, such as model selection, partial voluming, and the impact of parameters, both in preprocessing and in fiber tracking itself. We conclude by giving impulses for future research

Erratum: Author Correction: Identification of genes required for eye development by high-throughput screening of mouse knockouts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0226-0.]

Thin Film Growth and Device Fabrication of Iron-Based Superconductors

Iron-based superconductors have received much attention as a new family of high-temperature superconductors owing to their unique properties and distinct differences from cuprates and conventional superconductors. This paper reviews progress in thin film research on iron-based superconductors since their discovery for each of five material systems with an emphasis on growth, physical properties, device fabrication, and relevant bulk material properties.Comment: To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Male and female fertility in triploid grapes (Vitis complex) with special reference to the production of aneuploid plants

To produce aneuploid plants, the extent of male and female fertility in triploid grapes was studied using 187 tri-ploid hybrid plants obtained from 2x x 4x and 4x x 2x crosses. In the triploid plants, pollen germination rates examined on agar medium ranged from 0 to 5.88 % (average: 0.24 %). In 86 out of the 187 triploid plants none of the pollen grains germinated. In the 3x x 2x and 3x x 4x crosses, 10 triploid plants showing more than 1 % pollen germination  rates  produced  191  seeds  from  7,692 pollinations and 109 seeds from 3,862 pollinations, respectively, whereas 10 triploid plants showing no pollen germination produced 98 seeds from 5,282 pollinations and 141 seeds from 5,293 pollinations, respectively. In the 3x x 2x and 3x x 4x crosses, the percentage of ovules developing into seeds varied in different triploid hybrid plants and ranged from 0.1 to 2.3 %. Of 8 aneuploid plants derived from the 3x x 2x and 3x x 4x crosses, one grew normally, three showed slow growth rates and 5 plants died after germination. These results suggest that in triploid grapes (1) there is no relationship between the degree of male fertility and that of female fertility, but the degree of the fertility is a triploid-plant-specific character, (2) female fertility is slightly higher than male fertility, and (3) male and female fertility is very low but aneuploid plants can be produced if triploid grapes with more than 0.3 % female fertility are used as seed parents

Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits

The role of sex in biomedical studies has often been overlooked, despite evidence of sexually dimorphic effects in some biological studies. Here, we used high-throughput phenotype data from 14,250 wildtype and 40,192 mutant mice (representing 2,186 knockout lines), analysed for up to 234 traits, and found a large proportion of mammalian traits both in wildtype and mutants are influenced by sex. This result has implications for interpreting disease phenotypes in animal models and humans

KRITERIA MEMILIH PASANGAN HIDUP DALAM MEMBENTUK KELUARGA SAKINAH

AbstrakPokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kriteria Memilih Pasangan Hidup Dalam Membentuk Keluarga Sakinah (Study Kasus Mahasiswa Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Alauddin Makassar). Pokok masalah dibagi menjadi dua sub masalah yakni: 1. Bagaimana Kriteria Memilih Pasangan Hidup Dalam Membentuk Keluarga Sakinah Mahasiswa Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Alauddin Makassar. ? 2. Bagaimana Pandangan hukum Islam terhadap kriteria memilih pasangan hidup Dalam Membentuk Keluarga Sakinah Mahasiswa Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Alauddin Makassar.? Penelitian Kualitatif Deskriptif merupakan jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini, yaitu berupa penelitian lapangan. Adapun sumber data penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Alauddin Makassar. Selanjutnya, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Lalu teknik pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan melalui tiga tahapan yaitu: Reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa fakultas syariah dan hukum yang mana telah mengetahui hadis tersebut dan memahaminya. 1) Dalam praktik kehidupan terdapat tiga orang dengan kriteria agama sebagai prioritas utama, dua orang dengan kriteria kecantikan sebagai ptioritas utama, dan satu orang dengan tanpa kriteria khusus atau dengan kata lain atas dasar cinta dan mau menerima apa adanya. 2) Islam memberikan pedoman dalam memilih pasangan antara lain: perempuan yang salehah (taat beragama), perempuan yang memiliki nasab yang jelas, perempuan yang produktif (subur) dan perempuan yang perawan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Pasangan yang belum menikah bukan salah jika kita harus mempertimbangkan pasangan yang akan kita nikahi, dan sebaiknya mendahulukan bagaiman ketaatan pasangan kepada agamanya. 2) Bagi setiap pasangan yang hendak menikah mengikuti dan memperbanyak ilmu terkait keluarga sakinah mawaddah wa rahmah

Legacy over a thousand years: Canopy soil of old-growth forest fosters rich and unique invertebrate diversity that is slow to recover from human disturbance

journal articl