Radiation Tolerance of 65nm CMOS Transistors

We report on the effects of ionizing radiation on 65nm CMOS transistors held at approximately -20C during irradiation. The pattern of damage observed after a total dose of 1 Grad is similar to damage reported in room temperature exposures, but we observe less damage than was observed at room temperature

Bullous X linked retinoschisis: clinical features and prognosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A subset of patients with X linked retinoschisis (XLRS) have bullous schisis cavities in the peripheral retina. This study describes the characteristics and prognosis of the bullous form of XLRS. METHODS: A retrospective case series was performed of nine patients with molecularly proven bullous XLRS seen at a single tertiary centre. RESULTS: All cases of bullous peripheral schisis were bilateral, with one unilateral case at presentation which developed into bilateral bullous schisis over time. The mean age of onset was 1.9 years (range: 1 month-7 years, SD: 2.1 years) and at clinical diagnosis was 5.9 years (range: 1 month-27 years, SD: 9.0 years). Mean follow-up was 11 years (range: 6 months-36 years, SD: 10.8 years). Strabismus was the most common presentation (n=7). Other presenting complaints included decreased vision, floaters and an irregularly shaped pupil. The most frequently associated ocular features were strabismus (100%), vitreous haemorrhage (4/18 eyes, 22%), nystagmus (2/9, 22%) and persistent fetal vasculature (1/18, 6%). Localised tractional detachment was seen in 2/18 (11%) eyes, total detachment that underwent surgical repair in 1/18 (6%) and pigmented demarcation lines in a further 22% of the eyes. There was one eye with exudative retinal detachment. CONCLUSION: In XLRS, bullous schisis may be congenital or develop soon after birth and most commonly presents with strabismus. Cases may be complicated by some form of retinal detachment, which may be tractional or a Coats-like exudative detachment

A phylogeny analysis on six mullet species (Teleosti: Mugillidae) using PCR-sequencing method

In this study, genetic differences and phylogenic relationships among six Mugillidae species (Mugil cephalus, M. capito, Liza subviridis, L. saliens, L. aurata, Valamugil buchanani) were determined using PCR-sequencing. M. cephalus, L. subviridis, and V. buchanani from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, and L. aurata and L. saliens from the Caspian Sea were collected. Samples of an imported, Egyptian species M. capito were obtained from the Gomishan Research Center in Gorgan. Total DNA from the samples were extracted according to phenol-chloroform procedure. The extracted total DNAs were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced. The number of bases in the mitochondrial 16s rRNA genome used in this study approximated 600 base pairs. The size of the bands was identical in all the studied species and no heteroplasmia was observed. In addition, the numbers of variable, preserved, and Pi sites were about 114/624, 488/624, and 110/624, respectively. Analysis of the sequences showed great differences between Mugil species and the other studied species. The phylogenetic tree obtained through Neighbor-Joining method revealed that L. saliens and L. aurata were in the same branch while L. subviridis was in a separate branch. In contrast, Maximum Parsimony tree located L. subviridis and L. aurata in a single branch and assigned L. saliens to a distinct branch. This result brings in the question of monophyletic origin of the genus Liza

Pedagogical Scenarization for Virtual Environments for Training: Towards Genericity, Coherence and Adaptivity

With the appearance of new computer technologies, having access to information, learning a language, a job, or a skill, etc, is become possible and easier at any time, and at any place. Virtual Environments for Training (VET) is one of those technologies. VETs are based on virtual reality technique to put learners in training situations that emulate real situations. VETs have proven to be advantageous to put learners into varied training situations to acquire knowledge and competencies, especially when these situations are very dangerous, unrealizable, or expensive in reality. To exploit an EVTrsquo;s potentials and control the behavior of it users, the trainer create a pedagogical scenario. A pedagogical scenario must let the possibility to the learner to build his own path, at the same time maintaining the coherence of learning. We present in this paper a new approach, which aims at adapting the pedagogical scenario to learnerrsquo;s needs, and focuses on maintaining the learning coherence

Evolutionary study on two closed Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) species from Zagros Mountains (Iran) using molecular methods

Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I DNA sequences are a good discriminative marker for phylogenetic studies in crustaceans and especially in amphipoda. In the present study, molecular and morphological data were analyzed to test whether Gammarus lobifer authority and Gammarus balutchi authority which [sic] one or two geographically separated but morphologically similar species. The analyses proved that there are two species and that uplift of the Zagros Mountains was probably the most important cause of Allopatric speciation in this region during the Miocene period

Imaging gray matter with concomitant null point imaging from the phase sensitive inversion recovery sequence

Purpose To present an improved three-dimensional (3D) interleaved phase sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequence including a concomitantly acquired new contrast, null point imaging (NPI), to help detect and classify abnormalities in cortical gray matter. Methods The 3D gradient echo PSIR images were acquired at 0.6 mm isotropic resolution on 11 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 9 controls subjects using a 7 Tesla (T) MRI scanner, and 2 MS patients at 3T. Cortical abnormalities were delineated on the NPI/PSIR data and later classified according to position in the cortex. Results The NPI helped detect cortical lesions within the cortical ribbon with increased, positive contrast compared with the PSIR. It also provided improved intrinsic delineation of the ribbon, increasing confidence in classifying the lesions' locations. Conclusion The proposed PSIR facilitates the classification of cortical lesions by providing two T1-weighted 3D datasets with isotropic resolution, including the NPI showing cortical lesions with clear delineation of the gray/white matter boundary and minimal partial volume effects. Magn Reson Med 76:1512–1516, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Interdisciplinary perspectives on the development, integration and application of cognitive ontologies

We discuss recent progress in the development of cognitive ontologies and summarize three challenges in the coordinated development and application of these resources. Challenge 1 is to adopt a standardized definition for cognitive processes. We describe three possibilities and recommend one that is consistent with the standard view in cognitive and biomedical sciences. Challenge 2 is harmonization. Gaps and conflicts in representation must be resolved so that these resources can be combined for mark-up and interpretation of multi-modal data. Finally, Challenge 3 is to test the utility of these resources for large-scale annotation of data, search and query, and knowledge discovery and integration. As term definitions are tested and revised, harmonization should enable coordinated updates across ontologies. However, the true test of these definitions will be in their community-wide adoption which will test whether they support valid inferences about psychological and neuroscientific data

Analysis of Microwave Heating Process for Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions

In this investigation, the process of microwave heating technology was evaluated to measure the effect of some important parameters such as dielectric properties (έ and ɛʺ), rate of temperature increase (dT/dt), volume rate of heat generation (Qmw), wavelength (λ) and penetration depth (Dp) during the microwave irradiation on crude oil emulsions. Two types of Malaysian crude oil mixed together at a volume ratio of 50-50% and applied for further investigations. In order to ensure the efficiency of the process, the improvement of existing techniques and the development of new technology different ratios of water and oil were utilized to prepare the emulsions of water-in-crude oil (W/O). The emulsion samples were heated under 360 watt and 540 watt for 3 to 5 minutes. The findings of the microwave heating demulsification showed that higher microwave power (540 watt) along with the radiation time (5 min) were not much effective for water separation. This is because of the over boiling of the samples. Consequently, for microwave heating demulsification the best water separation efficiency was achieved at 3 (minutes), 360 (watt). Based on the result of microwave parameter’s calculations, it was found that parameters such as; dT/dt, Qmw, έ and ɛʺ, were inversely proportional to the radiation time. However, parameters such as λ and Dp were directly proportional to the time of the radiation

Influence of Melissa officinalis essential oil and its formulation on Typhlodromips swirskii and Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

The toxicity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil and its formulation (Melissacide) were evaluated against eggs and females of two predatory phytoseiid mites, Typhlodromips swirskii (Athias Henriot) and Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes), using direct spray. Results indicate that both tested materials were potent on predatory females than egg stage. Typhlodromips swirskii was proved to be more sensitive to the oil and formulation than N. barkeri. Females mortality were (62-100%) in T. swirskii, and (46-69%) in N. barkeri, when both predatory mites were sprayed with LC50 and LC90 of the oil and Melissacide reported on Tetranychus urticae Koch. Females of both predators were suffered from reduction in food consumption when sprayed with two sublethal concentrations of Melissacide, while insignificant differences reported in daily number of eggs deposited by females of T. swirskii, when sprayed with its LC25 value of Melissacide and control