Technical Breakthrough Points and Opportunities in Transition Scenarios for Hydrogen as Vehicular Fuel

This technical reports is about investigating a generic case of hydrogen production/delivery/dispensing pathway evolution in a large population city, assuming that hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) will capture a major share of the vehicle market by the year 2050. The range of questions that are considered includes (i) what is the typical succession of hydrogen pathways that minimizes consumer cost? (ii) what are the major factors that will likely influence this sequence

Asynchronous Programming As A Means To Increase The Productivity Of Smart Home Management Systems

This article considers the main problem of modern high-load systems, namely, the productivity of their work. The main purpose of this article is to find an approach to address the issue of high-load systems performance, particularly smart house management systems. These systems have become very popular in our time, the number of their users is growing every year, so the question of their performance is very relevant. In order to achieve this goal, I will consider existing problems and different ways of their solutions. The approach of asynchronous programming is proposed as one of the ways to solve a problem of productivity. It will greatly increase the bandwidth of servers and reduce the response time to customer requests - two common problems that arise when designing high-load systems. The relevance of the proposed solution will be tested experimentally, with the results presented in tabular form

Planetary Dynamics and Habitable Planet Formation In Binary Star Systems

Whether binaries can harbor potentially habitable planets depends on several factors including the physical properties and the orbital characteristics of the binary system. While the former determines the location of the habitable zone (HZ), the latter affects the dynamics of the material from which terrestrial planets are formed (i.e., planetesimals and planetary embryos), and drives the final architecture of the planets assembly. In order for a habitable planet to form in a binary star system, these two factors have to work in harmony. That is, the orbital dynamics of the two stars and their interactions with the planet-forming material have to allow terrestrial planet formation in the habitable zone, and ensure that the orbit of a potentially habitable planet will be stable for long times. We have organized this chapter with the same order in mind. We begin by presenting a general discussion on the motion of planets in binary stars and their stability. We then discuss the stability of terrestrial planets, and the formation of potentially habitable planets in a binary-planetary system.Comment: 56 pages, 29 figures, chapter to appear in the book: Planets in Binary Star Systems (Ed. N. Haghighipour, Springer publishing company

The Optical Instrumentation of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter

The purpose of this Note is to describe the optical assembly procedure called here Optical Instrumentation and the quality tests conducted on the assembled units. Altogether, 65 Barrel (or LB) modules were constructed - including one spare - together with 129 Extended Barrel (EB) modules (including one spare). The LB modules were mechanically assembled at JINR (Dubna, Russia) and transported to CERN, where the optical instrumentation was performed with personnel contributed by several Institutes. The modules composing one of the two Extended Barrels (known as EBA) were mechanically assembled in the USA, and instrumented in two US locations (ANL, U. of Michigan), while the modules of the other Extended barrel (EBC) were assembled in Spain and instrumented at IFAE (Barcelona). Each of the EB modules includes a subassembly known as ITC that contributes to the hermeticity of the calorimeter; all ITCs were assembled at UTA (Texas), and mounted onto the module mechanical structures at the EB mechanical assembly locations.The Tile Calorimeter, covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment up to pseudorapidities of ±1.7, is a sampling device built with scintillating tiles that alternate with iron plates. The light is collected in wave-length shifting (WLS) fibers and is read out with photomultipliers. In the characteristic geometry of this calorimeter the tiles lie in planes perpendicular to the beams, resulting in a very simple and modular mechanical and optical layout. This paper focuses on the procedures applied in the optical instrumentation of the calorimeter, which involved the assembly of about 460,000 scintillator tiles and 550,000 WLS fibers. The outcome is a hadronic calorimeter that meets the ATLAS performance requirements, as shown in this paper

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ ТЕПЛООБМЕНА ПРИ ВЫНУЖДЕННОЙ КОНВЕКЦИИ ВОЗДУХА ВО ВНУТРЕННИХ КАНАЛАХ ПЛОСКИХ ТРУБ

The paper describes an installation and methods of experimental studies concerning heat transfer processes under forced air convection in internal channels of the flat pipes, which allow to take measurements of heat transfer intensity. The paper presents measurements of heat transfer intensity in respect of pipes with separate ribs of small height and pipes with channels, communicating with the help of round holes.Описаны установка и методика экспериментальных исследований процессов теплоотдачи при вынужденной конвекции воздуха во внутренних каналах плоских труб, которые позволяют проводить измерения интенсивности теплообмена. Приведены результаты измерений интенсивности теплообмена для труб с отдельными ребрами малой высоты и труб с каналами, сообщающихся при помощи круглых отверстий

The Production and Qualification of Scintillator Tiles for the ATLAS Hadronic Calorimeter

The production of the scintillator tiles for the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter is presented. In addition to the manufacture and production, the properties of the tiles will be presented including light yield, uniformity and stability

Малая ГТФаза Rab3B: биологические свойства и возможная роль в канцерогенезе

Proteins of the superfamily of small guanosine triphosphate hydrolase (GTPase) perform various functions: from the control of cell proliferation to the regulation of vesicular transport. The superfamily of small GTPase Ras includes more than 150 proteins, devided to 5 major families (Arf, Ran, Rho, Ras and Rab), and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Compared to the other families, the Rab family was investigated by relatively small number studies, which does not equally reflect their role in malignant transformation processes. In our review  we have focused on both the subfamily Rab3 and its poorly investigated member Rab3B. Recent findings allow to consider Rab3B not only  as a promising diagnostic or prognostic marker for several types of neoplasms, but also is a potential target for antitumor therapy. Our analysis of publicly available transcriptional databases revealed that kidney, lung and liver cancer patients with low Rab3B gene expression demonstrate a better overall five-year survival.Белки суперсемейства малых гуанозинтрифосфат гидролаз (ГТФаз) выполняют различные функции: от контроля клеточной пролиферации до регуляции везикулярного транспорта. Суперсемейство малых ГТФаз Ras включает более 150 белков, 5 основных семейств (Arf, Ran, Rho, Ras и Rab) и играет важную роль в канцерогенезе. По сравнению с остальными семействами малых ГТФаз, белкам семейства Rab посвящено относительно небольшое количество исследований, что не отражает их важную роль в процессах злокачественной трансформации. Помимо рассмотрения семейства Rab в целом, особое внимание в обзоре уделено подсемейству Rab3 и его малоизученному представителю Rab3B. Накопленные к настоящему времени данные позволяют рассматривать Rab3B не только как перспективный диагностический или прогностический маркер при целом ряде новообразований, но и как потенциальную мишень для противоопухолевой терапии. Проведенный нами анализ общедоступных транскриптомных баз данных показал, что пациенты с низкой экспрессией гена Rab3B демонстрируют лучшую общую 5-летнюю выживаемость при раке почки, легкого и печени

Hydrogen Macro System Model User Guide, Version 1.2.1

The Hydrogen Macro System Model (MSM) is a simulation tool that links existing and emerging hydrogen-related models to perform rapid, cross-cutting analysis. It allows analysis of the economics, primary energy-source requirements, and emissions of hydrogen production and delivery pathways

Обобщение результатов исследований теплообмена между потоком воздуха и оребренной поверхностью, полученной при подрезании ребер со смещением оси

The given paper contains an analysis and presents a generalization of experimental results pertaining to heat exchange between an air flow and a surface of a flat pipe when its finning is made with various values of displacement of a tool rotation axis relative to a symmetry axis of a blank.Criterion dependences obtained as result of experimental data generalization provide the possibility to use them for calculation of external heat exchange intensity and losses of pressure in heat exchangers made of aluminum flat fined tubes.Проведен анализ и представлено обобщение результатов экспериментальных исследований теплообмена между потоком воздуха и поверхностью плоской трубы, оребрение которой было выполнено с различными величинами смещения оси вращения инструмента относительно оси симметрии заготовки.Полученные в результате обобщения экспериментальных данных критериальные зависимости дают возможность использовать их при проведении расчетов интенсивности внешнего теплообмена и потерь давления в теплообменниках, изготовленных из плоских оребренных алюминиевых труб

Association of polymorphic markers in innate immunity receptor genes with the risk of primary adrenal insufficiency

Primary adrenal insufficiency is a disease resulting from bilateral destruction of the adrenal cortex. The most common etiological factors are autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases, which indicates the key role of the immune system in the development of this pathology. Activation of innate immune receptors leads to transcription of genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons, which contributes to the further development of the inflammatory process, activating both adaptive and innate immunity. The role of pattern recognition receptors and type I interferons has been previously shown in many autoimmune pathologies, but their significance in primary adrenal insufficiency is still not well understood. To gain a broader understanding of the occurring processes, innate immune receptors are being studied at both the molecular and genetic levels. Thus, the purpose of our work was to study polymorphic markers in the genes of interferon, NOD- and RIG-like receptors and their association with the risk of developing primary adrenal insufficiency. The biomaterial was collected from patients with primary adrenal insufficiency and from healthy individuals and was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. It was found that among the six polymorphic markers (rs2257167 in the IFNAR1 gene, rs2229207 in the IFNAR2 gene, rs2075822 in the NOD1 gene, rs8057341 and rs3135499 in the NOD2 gene and rs1990760 in the IFIH1 gene), there are only two sufficient predictors of the risk of developing primary adrenal gland disease: rs2257167 (IFNAR1) and rs2229207 (IFNAR2). The association of heterozygous genotypes of the polymorphic markers rs2257167 (IFNAR1) and rs2229207 (IFNAR2) with the risk of developing pathology, as well as the protective role of the CC genotype of the polymorphic marker rs2257167 (IFNAR1) was shown. The results obtained can be used for early diagnostics of the disease. These data can contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary adrenal insufficiency and serve as the basis for further research in the field of personalized medicine. These markers can also be studied in connection with the severity of primary adrenal insufficiency, complications, as well as in connection with the effectiveness of the therapy