Continuous Monitoring of Information on Anode Current Distribution as Means of Improving the Process of Controlling and Forecasting Process Disturbances

За последние десятилетия система АСУТП электролиза достигла больших возможностей по улучшению сбора и обработки сигналов, которые обеспечивают основу для регулирования питания, теплового баланса и магнитогидродинамической (МГД) стабильности. Несмотря на значительное развитие, постоянно растут потребности в датчиках контроля, которые могут распознавать и реагировать на возникающие изменения. C 2008 г. на электролизерах опытного участка РА-400, расположенного в опытно-промышленном корпусе электролиза ОАО «РУСАЛ Саяногорск», эксплуатируется система непрерывного мониторинга информации о распределении тока по анодам, интегрированная в АСУТП СААТ-2. На протяжении промышленных испытаний система мониторинга постоянно совершенствовалась в части достоверности информации, обеспечения работоспособности оборудования в условиях агрессивных сред, а также при выполнении технологических и ремонтных операций на электролизере. Полученная информация о распределении тока по анодам позволила разработать алгоритмы, прогнозирующие на ранней стадии отклонения в питании глиноземом электролизера с последующим перераспределением по точкам автоматической подачи глинозема (АПГ), прогнозирование и распознавание технологических нарушений на подошве анодов («конуса»)The aluminum reduction process control system in recent decades has given great opportunities for improving the collection and processing of signals that provide the basis for the adjustment of feeding, thermal balance and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability. Despite considerable development, there is a growing need for control sensors that can detect and respond to emerging changes. Since 2008, the cells operating in the RA-400 pilot area inside the Pilot Potroom at OJSC RUSAL Sayanogorsk have been using a system for continuous monitoring of information on anode current distribution. The system has been integrated in the ‘CAAT-2’ control system. In the course of industrial tests, the monitoring system was continuously improved – in terms of information reliability, and equipment operability in aggressive environments and during pot tending & maintenance operations. The obtained information on anode current distribution allowed for developing algorithms to detect, at an early stage, variations in cell alumina feeding, including further alumina re-distribution between feed points, and forecast and detect anode bottom problems (“spike”

THE POLICY OF ANTI-SEMITISM IN ACTION: THE EVENTS OF CRYSTAL NIGHT IN THE PUBLIC OPINION OF THE UNITED STATES (BASED ON THE "NEW YORK TIMES" MATERIALS OF 1938)

The article deals with the coverage of events related to the wave of anti-Jewish pogroms that took place in Germany on November 9-10, 1938 in the leading American newspaper "The New York Times". Pogroms were motivated by the murder of Ernst von Rath, the employee of the German embassy in Paris, performed on the 7th of November of the same year by the Polish Jew Herschel Grünschpan, and the consequences followed for German Jews. A particular attention is paid to the reaction to these events by American politicians, such as the former US President Herbert Hoover, and the representatives of various social circles, primarily Jewish ones, and more broadly, the influence of the materials published in "The New York Times" on the situation of Jews in Germany on the development of public opinion in the United States of America concerning this issue. The author comes to the conclusion that before the Second World War, the National Socialists did not have the opportunity to ignore the world public opinion completely, and in this regard they did not dare to turn to the "final solution of the Jewish issue", which turned out in the Holocaust

THE FACTORS OF IMPACT ON CONTENT AND DYNAMICS OF LEGISLATION EVOLUTION

Purpose: Ensuring the rule of law, human rights, the principles of constitutionalism and the democratization of society, the factor analysis of legislation remains relevant during the period of transformation of state and public institutions. Methodology: The study of factors is present at the theoretical and applied levels: the subject of the theory of law traditionally captures the laws and trends in the formation of the legislative system, primarily in connection with the factors that determine the boundaries and scope of legal regulation. 50 surveys conducted to investigate the factors of impact on content and dynamic of legislation evolution Result: The analysis of the impact factors of influence on the content, structure, and dynamics of the legislation, which is always conditioned by the development of objective and subjective circumstances, is in the focus of the paper. The study of factors is especially relevant in the period of society's and its legal system transformation in the direction of ensuring the rule of law and human rights. Research puts emphasis on the development of forecasting principles of legislation evolution dynamics. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the factors of impact on content and dynamics of legislation evolution is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION AND MODERNIZATION TECHNOLOGIES OF GOVERNMENTAL ADMINISTRATION IN MODERN SOCIETY: MAIN CONTRADICTIONS AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

This study is devoted to the main problems and key directions of using interactive communication technologies in optimizing and improving the governmental administration of various processes in modern society. The authors analyze the implementation of ICT in several interrelated aspects: firstly, in the context of developing a service approach to the transformation of public administration; secondly, in the aspect of doctrinal and program provisions for the modernization of political process in society; thirdly, in terms of developing the electronic forms of democracy and the concept of e-government. The work separately presents a theoretical and practical analysis of the effectiveness and adequacy of the development of four innovative forms (e-public network, e-public administration, e-democracy, e-services) of a governmental organization of the society, as well as specifies three key areas for implementing interactive forms and service concept into a modern political process

Problemas de regulación legal de la robótica y la inteligencia artificial desde la perspectiva psicológica

The article analyzes the main problems and contradictions in the formation of legal regimes for the regulation of robotics, artificial intelligence and other innovative technologies of our time. The work content shows the unpreparedness of modern legal science and practice to conceptual and legal design, legal and technical development of the regulatory legal acts aimed at the legislative fixation and regulation of the processes of using artificial intelligence and robots in public relations, as well as definition of responsibility and appropriate protection modes of legitimate interests, rights, freedoms in the system of personality - society - state. The subject of this study is the resolution of these problems and contradictions, as well as the identification of directions for the formation of a legal framework for the regulation of modern innovative technologies and digital processes unfolding in the modern society. The authors distinguish and analyze two consecutive stages: 1) development and introduction of necessary changes in the existing branches of Russian law; 2) conceptual-legal and doctrinal-legal formulation of key development priorities, as well as creation of a new integrated branch of law - robotics law, which has an independent subject and method of legal regulation.El artículo analiza los principales problemas y contradicciones en la formación de regímenes legales para la regulación de la robótica, la inteligencia artificial y otras tecnologías innovadoras de nuestro tiempo. El contenido del trabajo muestra la falta de preparación de la ciencia y práctica legal moderna para el diseño conceptual y legal, el desarrollo legal y técnico de los actos legales regulatorios destinados a la fijación legislativa y la regulación de los procesos de uso de inteligencia artificial y robots en las relaciones públicas, así como definición de responsabilidad y modos apropiados de protección de intereses legítimos, derechos, libertades en el sistema de personalidad -sociedad -estado. El tema de este estudio es la resolución de estos problemas y contradicciones, así como la identificación de direcciones para la formación de un marco legal para la regulación de tecnologías modernas innovadoras y procesos digitales que se desarrollan en la sociedad moderna. Los autores distingueny analizan dos etapas consecutivas: 1) desarrollo e introducción de los cambios necesarios en las ramas existentes de la ley rusa; 2) formulación conceptual-legal y doctrinal-legal de prioridades clave de desarrollo, así como la creación de una nueva ramaintegrada del derecho: la ley de robótica, que tiene un tema y un método de regulación legal independientes

Problemas de regulación legal de la robótica y la inteligencia artificial desde la perspectiva psicológica

The article analyzes the main problems and contradictions in the formation of legal regimes for the regulation of robotics, artificial intelligence and other innovative technologies of our time. The work content shows the unpreparedness of modern legal science and practice to conceptual and legal design, legal and technical development of the regulatory legal acts aimed at the legislative fixation and regulation of the processes of using artificial intelligence and robots in public relations, as well as definition of responsibility and appropriate protection modes of legitimate interests, rights, freedoms in the system of personality - society - state. The subject of this study is the resolution of these problems and contradictions, as well as the identification of directions for the formation of a legal framework for the regulation of modern innovative technologies and digital processes unfolding in the modern society. The authors distinguish and analyze two consecutive stages: 1) development and introduction of necessary changes in the existing branches of Russian law; 2) conceptual-legal and doctrinal-legal formulation of key development priorities, as well as creation of a new integrated branch of law - robotics law, which has an independent subject and method of legal regulation.El artículo analiza los principales problemas y contradicciones en la formación de regímenes legales para la regulación de la robótica, la inteligencia artificial y otras tecnologías innovadoras de nuestro tiempo. El contenido del trabajo muestra la falta de preparación de la ciencia y práctica legal moderna para el diseño conceptual y legal, el desarrollo legal y técnico de los actos legales regulatorios destinados a la fijación legislativa y la regulación de los procesos de uso de inteligencia artificial y robots en las relaciones públicas, así como definición de responsabilidad y modos apropiados de protección de intereses legítimos, derechos, libertades en el sistema de personalidad -sociedad -estado. El tema de este estudio es la resolución de estos problemas y contradicciones, así como la identificación de direcciones para la formación de un marco legal para la regulación de tecnologías modernas innovadoras y procesos digitales que se desarrollan en la sociedad moderna. Los autores distingueny analizan dos etapas consecutivas: 1) desarrollo e introducción de los cambios necesarios en las ramas existentes de la ley rusa; 2) formulación conceptual-legal y doctrinal-legal de prioridades clave de desarrollo, así como la creación de una nueva ramaintegrada del derecho: la ley de robótica, que tiene un tema y un método de regulación legal independientes

INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION AND MODERNIZATION TECHNOLOGIES OF GOVERNMENTAL ADMINISTRATION IN MODERN SOCIETY: MAIN CONTRADICTIONS AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

This study is devoted to the main problems and key directions of using interactive communication technologies in optimizing and improving the governmental administration of various processes in modern society. The authors analyze the implementation of ICT in several interrelated aspects: firstly, in the context of developing a service approach to the transformation of public administration; secondly, in the aspect of doctrinal and program provisions for the modernization of political process in society; thirdly, in terms of developing the electronic forms of democracy and the concept of e-government. The work separately presents a theoretical and practical analysis of the effectiveness and adequacy of the development of four innovative forms (e-public network, e-public administration, e-democracy, e-services) of a governmental organization of the society, as well as specifies three key areas for implementing interactive forms and service concept into a modern political process

Problemas de regulación legal de la robótica e inteligencia artificial en rusia: algunos enfoques de la solución.

The article analyzes the main problems and contradictions in the formation of legal regimes for the regulation of robotics, artificial intelligence and other innovative technologies of our time. The content of the work shows the lack of preparation of science and modern legal practice for the conceptual and legal design, legal and technical development of regulatory legal acts aimed at the legislative setting and regulation of the processes of use of artificial intelligence and robots in public relations, as well as the definition of responsibility and appropriate ways of protecting legitimate interests, rights, liberties in the personality system -society- state.El artículo analiza los principales problemas y contradicciones en la formación de regímenes legales para la regulación de la robótica, la inteligencia artificial y otras tecnologías innovadoras de nuestro tiempo. El contenido del trabajo muestra la falta de preparación de la ciencia y la práctica legal moderna para el diseño conceptual y legal, el desarrollo legal y técnico de los actos legales reglamentarios dirigidos a la fijación legislativa y la regulación de los procesos de uso de inteligencia artificial y robots en las relaciones públicas, así como la definición de responsabilidad y modos apropiados de protección de intereses legítimos, derechos, libertades en el sistema de personalidad-sociedad-estado.&nbsp

Bacteriophage-Resistant Mutants in Yersinia pestis: Identification of Phage Receptors and Attenuation for Mice

Background: Bacteriophages specific for Yersinia pestis are routinely used for plague diagnostics and could be an alternative to antibiotics in case of drug-resistant plague. A major concern of bacteriophage therapy is the emergence of phageresistant mutants. The use of phage cocktails can overcome this problem but only if the phages exploit different receptors. Some phage-resistant mutants lose virulence and therefore should not complicate bacteriophage therapy. Methodology/Principal Findings: The purpose of this work was to identify Y. pestis phage receptors using site-directed mutagenesis and trans-complementation and to determine potential attenuation of phage-resistant mutants for mice. Six receptors for eight phages were found in different parts of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inner and outer core. The receptor for R phage was localized beyond the LPS core. Most spontaneous and defined phage-resistant mutants of Y. pestis were attenuated, showing increase in LD 50 and time to death. The loss of different LPS core biosynthesis enzymes resulted in the reduction of Y. pestis virulence and there was a correlation between the degree of core truncation and the impact on virulence. The yrbH and waaA mutants completely lost their virulence. Conclusions/Significance: We identified Y. pestis receptors for eight bacteriophages. Nine phages together use at least seven different Y. pestis receptors that makes some of them promising for formulation of plague therapeutic cocktails. Most phage-resistant Y. pestis mutants become attenuated and thus should not pose a serious problem for bacteriophag