Mathematical Modeling of Hybrid Cooling Tower for Steam Power Plant

An economical and environmental requirements of hybrid cooling tower in steam power plant are represented by decreasing of outlet water temperature, reducing of water and energy consumption, and working without mist formation. The present work is devoted to study and determine the best contact method of dry and wet tower to build hybrid cooling tower.A three suggested models differs in contacting method of air and water are studied. Analysis of these models are dependent on the basic principles of thermodynamics ,mass and heat transfer with considering of initial and boundary conditions. The best model must be giving accepted values in economical and environmental requirements. A Computer program by Matlab is used for solving the governing equations and determining the suitable mathematical model. The results are indicated that the third model (air in series and water in parallel) is the best in contacting method which satisfied the economic and environment requirements .The results are recorded and represented by graphs

Copper and Zinc status in women with unexplained infertility

Zinc is the most widely studied element in term of fertility in both men and women; and zinc deficiency was reported to be associated with infertility. This prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted in the Infertility and IVF center, AL-Samarai Hospital Baghdad-Iraq, to evaluate the level of Cu/Zn ratio in the serum of women with unexplained infertility. Serum levels of copper and zinc were evaluated in twenty six women with unexplained infertility, and in twenty normal women served as control, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. serum Zn levels were significantly lower compared to control group (6.63 mol/L ± 0.24 VS 9.0 mol/L ± 0.9, P= 0.01), serum Cu levels were significantly higher compared to controls (10.92 mol/L ± 0.4 VS 7.81 mol/L ± 0.38, P=0.01), Cu/Zn ratio was higher in infertile group (1.65 ± 0.014 VS 0.86 ± 0.011, P= 0.02). From these results it was concluded that the increase in Cu/Zn ratio may have an important etiological role in the pathogenicity of unexplained infertility, and therapeutic intervention in this respect may be beneficial in the treatment of this condition