Histopathological evaluation of thrombus in patients presenting with stent thrombosis. A multicenter European study: a report of the prevention of late stent thrombosis by an interdisciplinary global European effort consortium

Background Stent thrombosis (ST) is a rare but serious complication following percutaneous coronary intervention. Analysis of thrombus composition from patients undergoing catheter thrombectomy may provide important insights into the pathological processes leading to thrombus formation. We performed a large-scale multicentre study to evaluate thrombus specimens in patients with ST across Europe. Methods Patients presenting with ST and undergoing thrombus aspiration were eligible for inclusion. Thrombus collection was performed according to a standardized protocol and specimens were analysed histologically at a core laboratory. Serial tissue cross sections were stained with haematoxylin–eosin (H&E), Carstairs and Luna. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify leukocyte subsets, prothrombotic neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), erythrocytes, platelets, and fibrinogen. Results Overall 253 thrombus specimens were analysed; 79 (31.2%) from patients presenting with early ST, 174 (68.8%) from late ST; 79 (31.2%) were from bare metal stents, 166 (65.6%) from drug-eluting stents, 8 (3.2%) were from stents of unknown type. Thrombus specimens displayed heterogeneous morphology with platelet-rich thrombus and fibrin/fibrinogen fragments most abundant; mean platelet coverage was 57% of thrombus area. Leukocyte infiltrations were hallmarks of both early and late ST (early: 2260 ± 1550 per mm2 vs. late: 2485 ± 1778 per mm2; P = 0.44); neutrophils represented the most prominent subset (early: 1364 ± 923 per mm2 vs. late: 1428 ± 1023 per mm2; P = 0.81). Leukocyte counts were significantly higher compared with a control group of patients with thrombus aspiration in spontaneous myocardial infarction. Neutrophil extracellular traps were observed in 23% of samples. Eosinophils were present in all stent types, with higher numbers in patients with late ST in sirolimus-and everolimus-eluting stents. Conclusion In a large-scale study of histological thrombus analysis from patients presenting with ST, thrombus specimens displayed heterogeneous morphology. Recruitment of leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, appears to be a hallmark of ST. The presence of NETs supports their pathophysiological relevance. Eosinophil recruitment suggests an allergic component to the process of ST

ANALYTICAL EFFECTIVENESS CALCULATIONS CONCERNING THE FORMATION OF AN INHIBITIVE FERMENTATION PRODUCT ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH OF BIOMASS FILMS IMMOBILIZED IN OR AROUND CARRIERS

A reaction engineering model is presented for the bioproduction of chemicals associated with the growth of immobilized biomass in or around carriers. The model describes multiple-substrate diffusion limitations and first-order growth inhibition by one of the products. Analytical solutions are presented for intra-biofilm substrate and product concentrations, active biofilm thickness, biocatalyst effectiveness factor and degree of catalyst utilization. Simple criteria for optimal catalyst design are derived. Where applicable, the presented explicit analytical solutions for the biocatalyst effectiveness factor are much more convenient to incorporate into a macro-reactor model than the numerical alternatives

Kuwait special map [cartographic material] /

095770030X (ISBN). 0957700326 (ISBN). 0957700334 (ISBN). 0957700342 (ISBN). 0957700350 (ISBN). Relief shown by spot heights.; Map series of Kuwait showing description of soils, roads, tracks, excavations, drainage basins, water tanks, power lines, and water pipelines.; Includes sheet index and areal scale diagrams.; "Ellipsoid: World Geodetic System 84. Grid: UTM zone"; Each sheet is named and numbered individually.; Accompanied by: v. I. Soil survey for the State of Kuwait : executive summary -- v. II. Soil survey for the State of Kuwait : reconnaissance survey -- v. III. Soil survey for the State of Kuwait : reconnaissance soil maps -- v. IV. Soil survey for the State of Kuwait : semi detailed survey -- v. V. Soil survey for the State of Kuwait : semi-detailed soil maps.; Includes bibliographical references. Soils 1:25 000 (27 maps) -- Soils 1:100 000 (9 maps) -- Soils 1:250 000 (1 map) -- Land use 1:100 000 (9 maps) -- Vegetation 1:250 000 (1 map).Kuwait 1:100 000 [cartographic material]Kuwait 1:25 000 [cartographic material

SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE HYDRATION OF CYCLOHEXENE CATALYZED BY A STRONG ACID ION-EXCHANGE RESIN .3. EFFECT OF SULFOLANE ON THE EQUILIBRIUM CONVERSION

The liquid-phase hydration of cyclohexene, a pseudo-first-order reversible reaction catalyzed by a strong acid ion-exchange resin, was investigated in solvent mixtures of water and sulfolane. Macroporous Amberlite XE 307 was used because of its superior catalytic activity. Chemical equilibrium conversions were measured as a function of temperature, 353 K <T <423 K, and solvent composition (between 0 and 90 mol % sulfolane in water). A decrease by a factor of 3 and 6 is observed in the experimentally measured equilibrium conversion for solvent mixtures with 60 and 90 mol % sulfolane, respectively. This effect is explained in terms of activity coefficients of the reaction species involved. Classical methods of thermodynamics allowed the computation of the equilibrium constant K(a), as K(a) = 2.37 X 10(-5) exp(30236/RT). From use of the predictive UNIFAC method to describe the liquid-phase nonideality, it was possible to estimate the equilibrium conversion of cyclohexene for every solvent composition and temperature. The predicted equilibrium conversions agree well with experimental results