[Review of] Sipho Sepamla. A Ride on the Whirlwind: A Novel of Soweto

South African poet, playwright, and teacher Sipho Sepamla has in his second novel, produced a fictional but tensely revealing narrative of events surrounding the 1976 Soweto riots. Dedicated to the young heroes of the day, the novel chronicles daily life in an atmosphere of fear, suspicion, distrust and terrorism

[Review of] Evelyn Kallen. Ethnicity and Human Rights in Canada

Ethnicity and Human Rights in Canada is a sequel to Kallen\u27s The Anatomy of Racism: Canadian Dimensions. Whereas her earlier work sought to clarify the concepts of race and ethnicity as they applied to a neutral, if not tolerant, nation, the social context of the current work is less benign. Factors implicated in the shift to more contentious racial and ethnic relations include a struggling national economy, separatist moves in Quebec and the West, a rapidly expanding non White immigration, and advancement of natural resource claims by aboriginal groups at a time when federal pressure for energy development in the North conflicts with these rights. Although the bulk of Ethnicity and Human Rights in Canada is specific to the Canadian context, several sections are more broadly applicable. The introduction provides a brief biological discussion of genetics and race, racism, and human rights. Of particular value in this section is a clear explanation of the impact of continual structural discrimination, in the self-fulfilling prophecy of White racism. The relationship of race, culture, and ethnicity is explored in chapter three, which uses the Canadian situation to illustrate points of broader significance. Contrasting cultural understandings of land ownership, for example, are problematic beyond Canada\u27s boundaries. In this chapter, Kallen introduces classification schemes, such as the typology of rights and the typology of claims, which clarify the bases for argumentation for protection or advancement of human rights

TOWARDS MORE SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE COCOA TRADE

Cocoa is a classic Third World cash crop. It is produced mostly by small, poor farmers in Africa, while its products - chocolate and sun tan oil - are consumed by rich consumers in North America and Europe. A few West African economies are highly dependent on foreign exchange earned from cocoa sales. It has therefore been targeted by Oxfam's Fair Trade initiative, and IITA's Sustainable Tree Crops Program (STCP) is launching an effort of become more aligned with consumer's social preferences. The most obvious dimension to addressing consumer demand for cocoa products is to insure provision of high quality products, which has become problematic since structural adjustment programs have dismantled the African parastatals governing cocoa production and exports. Cocoa production would also likely meet requirements for organic certification in many instances, but legitimately obtaining that certification would be costly. Cocoa also offers several dimensions through which consumers might, by their market choices, insure more socially responsible outcomes. Both the STCP and Fair Trade initiatives focus on the potential for poverty alleviation and on achieving sustainable development for poor African farmers. Those farmers are stewards of the rain forest, and their production decisions can determine whether cocoa remains a rain forest friendly crop, so global environmental impacts can also be influenced by cocoa markets. The most recent, most widely publicized, and most intractable issue to hit the cocoa market is the allegation that child labor may be used on those poor African cocoa farms. The first objective of this paper will be to describe this situation, and the problems of cocoa markets, focusing on what has been happening in Africa. Particular attention will be paid to the problems of implementing structural adjustment reforms, and the increasing role played by multi-national processors as they backward integrate into the African marketing systems. Then the Fair Trade and STCP initiatives will be described. Finally, a conceptual examination of marketing systems between the African cocoa farm and the chocolate manufacturer, emphasizing institutional arrangements, is used to assess the likely success of these initiatives in achieving their social goals.Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Relations/Trade,

[Review of] Jay C. Chunn, II, Patricia J. Dunston, and Fariyal Ross-Sheriff, eds. Mental Health and People of Color: Curriculum Development and Change

American colleges, universities, and medical schools have developed elaborate structures for the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness and associated problems in living. The history of psychological training is not value free, but rather is imbedded in the general history of the culture, and reflective of its problematic issues. Whatever theoretical perspective mental health practitioners are trained in, whatever internship experiences are designed to complement the instructional program, the rates of success in identifying and resolving difficulties vary with the ethnicity of their clients. Success is shown disproportionately for a limited population-the clients of European American background. In each of the mental health fields examined in this volume, available data indicate underutilization, high non-return rates, client dissatisfaction, and generally poorer outcomes when mental health professionals turn their attention to the problems of people of color. Assuming a benign interest on the part of the practitioners, and assuming that the client would prefer health, the explanation for such unsatisfactory outcomes must lie in the training deficits of mental health professionals

CAN U.S. AGRICULTURE PRODUCE THE BASIC FOODSTUFFS CONSISTENT WITH THE DIETARY GUIDELINES?

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Massless L\"uscher Terms and the Limitations of the AdS3 Asymptotic Bethe Ansatz

In AdS5/CFT4 integrability the Bethe ansatz gives the spectrum of long strings, accurate up to exponentially small corrections. This is no longer true in AdS3, as we demonstrate here by studying Luscher F-terms with a massless particle running in the loop. We apply this to the classic test of Hernandez & Lopez, in which the su(2) sector Bethe equations (including one-loop dressing phase) should match the semiclassical string theory result for a circular spinning string. These calculations did not agree in AdS3xS3xT4, and we show that the sum of all massless Luscher F-terms can reproduce the difference.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure; v2:references, typos and clarification

The Near-Flat-Space and BMN Limits for Strings in AdS4 x CP3 at One Loop

This paper studies type IIA string theory in AdS4 x CP3 in both the BMN limit and the Maldacena-Swanson or near-flat-space limit. We derive the simpler Lagrangian for the latter limit by taking a large worldsheet boost of the BMN theory. We then calculate one-loop corrections to the correlators of the various fields using both theories. In all cases the near-flat-space results agree with a limit of the BMN results, providing evidence for the quantum consistency of this truncation. The corrections can also be compared to an expansion of the exact dispersion relation, known from integrability apart from one interpolating function h(lambda). Here we see agreement with the results of McLoughlin, Roiban & Tseytlin, and we observe that it does not appear to be possible to fully implement the cutoff suggested by Gromov & Mikhaylov, although for some terms we can do so. In both the near-flat-space and BMN calculations there are some extra terms in the mass shifts which break supersymmetry. These terms are extremely sensitive to the cutoff used, and can perhaps be seen as a consequence of using dimensional regularisation.Comment: 32 page