Mineralogical characterization of clay fraction of Chalan Beel soils of Bangladesh

Top soils of four different series viz Jaonia (Typic Haplaquept), Halti (Typic Haplaquept), Taras (Aeric Haplaquept) and Digli (Typic Haplaquept) developed on Atrai river alluvium were studied to investigate the clay mineralogical composition. X-ray diffraction technique was employed to identify and quantify the minerals. The XRD patterns were obtained with Ni-filter Cu kα - radiation at a scanning speed of 2º2θ min and the amount of minerals was estimated by XRD peak intensities at parallel powder mount. Mica was the dominant clay mineral (33 - 51%) in all soils, followed by quartz (13 -19%). The kaolinite contents were small (8 - 10%) over the soils. The occurrence of vermiculite in the Digli and Taras soils (9 and 7% respectively) indicates a considerable transformation of mica. There is very little or no smectite minerals in the soils which might be due to poor parent material and disappearance of smectite from the top soils. Appreciable amount of primary minerals like quartz and feldspars have also been observed in the clay fraction of the soils. Keywords: Clay minerals; Chalan beel; X-ray diffraction DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4819 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 253-260, 2008</jats:p

Pedogenesis And Characterization Of Some Soils From The Chalan Beel Of Bangladesh

Twenty two soil samples from four pedons representing some established soil series namely Jaonia, Haiti, Taras and Digli from the Chalan beel area of Bangladesh were studied in the field as well as in the laboratory for their pedogenesis and characterization. All the soils are heavy textured with clay contents ranging from 47 to 60 percent. The soils are moderately acidic to neutral in reaction with high base saturation. The soils have developed redoximorphic features including redox concentration and redox depletion due to periodic flooding more than 4 months in the monsoon season. Development of cambic horizon in these soils is the most notable morphogenetic feature. Gleization and weak hydromorphism are the dominant pedogenic processes. At the subgroup level the soiis were classified as Typic Endoaquepts and Aerie Endoaquepts. Finally the soiis are characterized at the family level of soil taxonomy.&#x0D; Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 271-281, December 2014</jats:p

Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis of Clays in The Soils of Lower Atrai Basin of Bangladesh

Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of clay samples from four different soil series, viz. Binsara, Taras, Jaonia, and Manda in the Lower Atrai Basin of Bangladesh was performed to characterize the clay minerals. The micrographs of SEM were obtained at three different magnification levels, such as low (2,000x), medium (5,000x), and high (10,000x). The SEM proved to be ideally feasible for studying the size, shape, texture, and fabric of clay samples. The electron micrographs of clays in the Binsara soil series have shown well-formed six-sided flakes. These six-sided flake particles are 1 : 1 type (well-crystallized) kaolinite minerals. The lath-shaped, rounded flakes are the well crystallized 2:1 type illite mineral in clays of Taras and Jaonia soil series. The rod-shaped fluffy masses/flakes are the indication of the presence of 2 : 1 type vermiculite in the clays of Manda soil series. The rounded particles in all soils are quartz grains. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 31(1): 105-115, 2022 (January)</jats:p

Clay mineralogy of soils from lower atrai basin of Bangladesh

The lower Atrai basin, the study area, lies in the Agroecological Zone-5 (AEZ-5) of Bangladesh. This study reveals the clay mineral composition of top soils of seven different soil series viz. Binsara, Taras, Jaonia, Hasnabad, Laskara, Manda and Mainam developed in the basin. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was employed to identify and quantify the minerals. Results show that mica (41 to 59%) was the most dominant mineral among all soils except Laskara. In Laskara soils, the interstratified mica-vermiculite-smectite (41%) was the predominant mineral. Next to mica, kaolinite (10 to 12%) was found to be present in the Binsara, Taras 1, Jaonia, and Taras 2 soils. Chlorite (7 to 17%) was identified in all the soils and was found to be the second dominant mineral in the Manda and Mainam soils. In contrast, the interstratified mica-vermiculitesmectite (33%) was found to be the second dominant mineral in the Hasnabad soils. Small amounts of vermiculite mineral (1 to 13%) were identified in almost all the soils except Binsara. All the soils have interstratified mica-chlorite minerals (2 to 7%). A tiny amount of smectite (1%) was identified in Taras 1 soil. As far as the clay mineralogical composition is concerned, most studied soils were found at the initial stage of weathering, indicating the high potential to sustain low input subsistence agriculture.&#x0D; Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 293-306, 2021 (July)</jats:p

Investigation of structural characteristics of palm oil clinker based high-strength lightweight concrete comprising steel fibers

The application of waste materials in the concrete composite is a great contribution to preserving natural resources and enhancing sustainable greener development in the construction industry. This study used Palm Oil Clinker (POC) and steel fibers to manufacture high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC). The POC is basically a byproduct of a palm oil industry, which was utilized as coarse aggregates and supplementary cementitious materials in the concrete. The noteworthy brittleness and lower tensile strain and strength of HSLWC were overcome by adding hooked end steel fibers. A total of six different concrete mixes by varying the volume of hooked end steel fibers, e.g., 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.50% of the total volume of the concrete were prepared. The HSLWC with 0% steel fibers was used as a reference. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the HSLWC, such as workability, density, compressive and splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), stress–strain characteristics along with UPV, sorptivity and water absorption test were conducted. Compared to the reference specimen, the HSLWC increased the compressive and tensile strength, MOR, and MOE by 19%, 172%, 176% and 40%, respectively. Besides, the HSLWC exhibited ductility and had enough energy absorption capacity before failure

Green approaches in synthesising nanomaterials for environmental nanobioremediation: Technological advancements, applications, benefits and challenges.

Green synthesis approaches of nanomaterials (NMs) have received considerable attention in recent years as it addresses the sustainability issues posed by conventional synthesis methods. However, recent works of literature do not present the complete picture of biogenic NMs. This paper addresses the previous gaps by providing insights into the stability and toxicity of NMs, critically reviewing the various biological agents and solvents required for synthesis, sheds light on the factors that affect biosynthesis, and outlines the applications of NMs across various sectors. Despite the advantages of green synthesis, current methods face challenges with safe and appropriate solvent selection, process parameters that affect the synthesis process, nanomaterial cytotoxicity, bulk production and NM morphology control, tedious maintenance, and knowledge deficiencies. Consequently, the green synthesis of NMs is largely trapped in the laboratory phase. Nevertheless, the environmental friendliness, biocompatibility, and sensitivities of the resulting NMs have wider applications in biomedical science, environmental remediation, and consumer industries. To the scale-up application of biogenic NMs, future research should be focused on understanding the mechanisms of the synthesis processes, identifying more biological and chemical agents that can be used in synthesis, and developing the practicality of green synthesis at the industrial scale, and optimizing the factors affecting the synthesis process