Microbial community dynamics in the forefield of glaciers

Retreating ice fronts (as a result of a warming climate) expose large expanses of deglaciated forefield, which become colonized by microbes and plants. There has been increasing interest in characterizing the biogeochemical development of these ecosystems using a chronosequence approach. Prior to the establishment of plants, microbes use autochthonously produced and allochthonously delivered nutrients for growth. The microbial community composition is largely made up of heterotrophic microbes (both bacteria and fungi), autotrophic microbes and nitrogen-fixing diazotrophs. Microbial activity is thought to be responsible for the initial build-up of labile nutrient pools, facilitating the growth of higher order plant life in developed soils. However, it is unclear to what extent these ecosystems rely on external sources of nutrients such as ancient carbon pools and periodic nitrogen deposition. Furthermore, the seasonal variation of chronosequence dynamics and the effect of winter are largely unexplored. Modelling this ecosystem will provide a quantitative evaluation of the key processes and could guide the focus of future research. Year-round datasets combined with novel metagenomic techniques will help answer some of the pressing questions in this relatively new but rapidly expanding field, which is of growing interest in the context of future large-scale ice retreat

Cultura informacional voltada para instituição de ensino superior: valores e crenças como elementos centrais

Introduction Informational culture involves fundamental criteria, values and beliefs, which reflect on informational behavior consisting of the way information is interpreted and handled by individuals and groups, information favors productivity and the ability to perform routine work. The objective of the research was to analyze the informational culture aimed at the Institution of Higher Education (HEI), favoring that the background is constituted in Mozambique, and that it is consolidated from the values of the organization's philosophy on the part of its members, whose main members are professors, students and employees. Methodology, exploratory bibliographical research and a qualitative approach were used, seeking various sources, from scientific articles and theses that discuss the theme, prioritizing consultation with the BRAPCI database. Results, it is necessary to understand the informational culture, as it interferes in the construction and use of HEI norms and policies, stimulating acceptable and expected forms of behavior and information sharing, finally, Conclusion the values oriented to IC is based on new knowledge, continuous learning among professors, students and employees of HEIs in as in the hierarchical distribution, in the access, search and production of scientific and administrative knowledge.Introdução: A cultura informacional envolve critérios fundamentais, valores e crenças, que refletem no comportamento informacional consistindo no modo como a informação é interpretada e manejada por indivíduos e grupos. Objetivo: Analisar a cultura informacional voltada a Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES), privilegiando que o pano de fundo se constitua em Moçambique, e que se consolida a partir de valores da filosofia da organização por parte dos seus membros, cujos principais integrantes são docentes, funcionários e estudantes. Metodologia:  Utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica de nível exploratório e abordagem qualitativa, buscando-se várias fontes, desde artigos científicos e teses que discutem a temática, priorizando-se a consulta à base de dados BRAPCI. Resultados: Faz-se necessária a compreensão da cultura informacional, na medida que ela interfere na construção e o uso de normas e políticas de IES, estimulando formas aceitáveis e esperadas de comportamentos e compartilhamento da informação, por fim, Conclusão: Os valores voltados a CI tem base em novos conhecimentos, aprendizagem contínua entre docentes, discentes e funcionários das IES na como na distribuição hierárquica, no acesso, busca e produção de conhecimento científico e administrativo

Arctic Climate Impact Assessment - ACIA

Earth’s climate is changing, with the global temperature now rising at a rate unprecedented in the experience of modern human society.These climate changes, including increases in ultraviolet radiation, are being experienced particularly intensely in the Arctic. Because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate, these changes in the Arctic will also affect the rest of the world. It is thus essential that decision makers have the latest and best information available regarding ongoing changes in the Arctic and their global implications. The Arctic Council called for this assessment and charged two of its working groups, the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) and the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), along with the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), with its implementation. An Assessment Steering Committee was charged with the responsibility for scientific oversight and coordination of all work related to the preparation of the assessment reports. This assessment was prepared over the past five years by an international team of over 300 scientists, other experts, and knowledgeable members of the indigenous communities. The lead authors were selected from open nominations provided by AMAP, CAFF, IASC, the Indigenous Peoples Secretariat, the Assessment Steering Committee, and several national and international scientific organizations. A similar nomination process was used by ACIA to select international experts who independently reviewed this report.The report has been thoroughly researched, is fully referenced, and provides the first comprehensive evaluation of arctic climate change, changes in ultraviolet radiation, and their impacts for the region and for the world.Written certification has been obtained from the ACIA leadership and all lead authors to the effect that the final scientific report fully reflects their expert views

Cultura informacional voltada para instituição de ensino superior: valores e crenças como elementos centrais

Introduction Informational culture involves fundamental criteria, values and beliefs, which reflect on informational behavior consisting of the way information is interpreted and handled by individuals and groups, information favors productivity and the ability to perform routine work. The objective of the research was to analyze the informational culture aimed at the Institution of Higher Education (HEI), favoring that the background is constituted in Mozambique, and that it is consolidated from the values of the organization's philosophy on the part of its members, whose main members are professors, students and employees. Methodology, exploratory bibliographical research and a qualitative approach were used, seeking various sources, from scientific articles and theses that discuss the theme, prioritizing consultation with the BRAPCI database. Results, it is necessary to understand the informational culture, as it interferes in the construction and use of HEI norms and policies, stimulating acceptable and expected forms of behavior and information sharing, finally, Conclusion the values oriented to IC is based on new knowledge, continuous learning among professors, students and employees of HEIs in as in the hierarchical distribution, in the access, search and production of scientific and administrative knowledge.Introdução: A cultura informacional envolve critérios fundamentais, valores e crenças, que refletem no comportamento informacional consistindo no modo como a informação é interpretada e manejada por indivíduos e grupos. Objetivo: Analisar a cultura informacional voltada a Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES), privilegiando que o pano de fundo se constitua em Moçambique, e que se consolida a partir de valores da filosofia da organização por parte dos seus membros, cujos principais integrantes são docentes, funcionários e estudantes. Metodologia:  Utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica de nível exploratório e abordagem qualitativa, buscando-se várias fontes, desde artigos científicos e teses que discutem a temática, priorizando-se a consulta à base de dados BRAPCI. Resultados: Faz-se necessária a compreensão da cultura informacional, na medida que ela interfere na construção e o uso de normas e políticas de IES, estimulando formas aceitáveis e esperadas de comportamentos e compartilhamento da informação, por fim, Conclusão: Os valores voltados a CI tem base em novos conhecimentos, aprendizagem contínua entre docentes, discentes e funcionários das IES na como na distribuição hierárquica, no acesso, busca e produção de conhecimento científico e administrativo

Arctic Ocean fresh water changes over the past 100 years and their causes

Recent observations show dramatic changes of the Arctic atmosphere–ice–ocean system. Here the authors demonstrate, through the analysis of a vast collection of previously unsynthesized observational data, that over the twentieth century the central Arctic Ocean became increasingly saltier with a rate of freshwater loss of 239 ± 270 km3 decade−1. In contrast, long-term (1920–2003) freshwater content (FWC) trends over the Siberian shelf show a general freshening tendency with a rate of 29 ± 50 km3 decade−1. These FWC trends are modulated by strong multidecadal variability with sustained and widespread patterns. Associated with this variability, the FWC record shows two periods in the 1920s–30s and in recent decades when the central Arctic Ocean was saltier, and two periods in the earlier century and in the 1940s–70s when it was fresher. The current analysis of potential causes for the recent central Arctic Ocean salinification suggests that the FWC anomalies generated on Arctic shelves (including anomalies resulting from river discharge inputs) and those caused by net atmospheric precipitation were too small to trigger long-term FWC variations in the central Arctic Ocean; to the contrary, they tend to moderate the observed long-term central-basin FWC changes. Variability of the intermediate Atlantic Water did not have apparent impact on changes of the upper–Arctic Ocean water masses. The authors’ estimates suggest that ice production and sustained draining of freshwater from the Arctic Ocean in response to winds are the key contributors to the salinification of the upper Arctic Ocean over recent decades. Strength of the export of Arctic ice and water controls the supply of Arctic freshwater to subpolar basins while the intensity of the Arctic Ocean FWC anomalies is of less importance. Observational data demonstrate striking coherent long-term variations of the key Arctic climate parameters and strong coupling of long-term changes in the Arctic–North Atlantic climate system. Finally, since the high-latitude freshwater plays a crucial role in establishing and regulating global thermohaline circulation, the long-term variations of the freshwater content discussed here should be considered when assessing climate change and variability

Serving the Voiceless: Analyzing Local Organizations for Immigrant Empowerment

This research project delves into the landscape of community organizations that serve the immigrant population in Louisville, Kentucky, focusing on 6 key entities: La Casita Center, Kentucky Refugee Ministries, Catholic Charities of Louisville, English Conversation Club, Backside Learning Center, and American Community Center. Through a combination of interviews, phone calls and research, we discovered the roles, missions, and offered services by each organization. Through these methods, we identified some of the critical needs within the immigrant community and examined how these organizations address them. Additionally, we discovered that not only did our research highlight the importance of the services provided, but illuminated areas that require broader attention. All in all, our findings signify the notable contributions each of these organizations employ for the immigrant population, thereby promoting a more connected and resilient Louisville collective

Serving the Voiceless: Investigating Local Organizations for Immigrant Empowerment

This research project delves into the landscape of community organizations that serve the immigrant population in Louisville, Kentucky, focusing on 6 key entities: La Casita Center, Kentucky Refugee Ministries, Catholic Charities of Louisville, English Conversation Club, Backside Learning Center, and American Community Center. Through a combination of interviews, phone calls and research, the study discovered the roles, missions, and offered services by each organization. Through these methods, the study identified some of the critical needs within the immigrant community and examined how these organizations address them. Not only did the finding highlight the importance of services provided, but it also illustrates innate areas that require broader attention. In summary, the findings signify the notable contributions each of these organizations employ for the immigrant population, thereby promoting a more connected and resilient Louisville collective

The Economics of 1.5°C Climate Change

The economic case for limiting warming to 1.5°C is unclear, due to manifold uncertainties. However, it cannot be ruled out that the 1.5°C target passes a cost-benefit test. Costs are almost certainly high: The median global carbon price in 1.5°C scenarios implemented by various energy models is more than US$100 per metric ton of CO2 in 2020, for example. Benefits estimates range from much lower than this to much higher. Some of these uncertainties may reduce in the future, raising the question of how to hedge in the near term. Maintaining an option on limiting warming to 1.5°C means targeting it now. Setting off with higher emissions will make 1.5°C unattainable quickly without recourse to expensive large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR), or solar radiation management (SRM), which can be cheap but poses ambiguous risks society seems unwilling to take. Carbon pricing could reduce mitigation costs substantially compared with ramping up the current patchwork of regulatory instruments. Nonetheless, a mix of policies is justified and technology-specific approaches may be required. It is particularly important to step up mitigation finance to developing countries, where emissions abatement is relatively cheap

A 12.5-kyr history of vegetation dynamics and mire development with evidence of Younger Dryas larch presence in the Verkhoyansk Mountains, East Siberia, Russia

A 415 cm thick permafrost peat section from the Verkhoyansk Mountains was radiocarbon-dated and studied using palaeobotanical and sedimentological approaches. Accumulation of organic-rich sediment commenced in a former oxbow lake, detached from a Dyanushka River meander during the Younger Dryas stadial, at ∼12.5 kyr BP. Pollen data indicate that larch trees, shrub alder and dwarf birch were abundant in the vegetation at that time. Local presence of larch during the Younger Dryas is documented by well-preserved and radiocarbon-dated needles and cones. The early Holocene pollen assemblages reveal high percentages of Artemisia pollen, suggesting the presence of steppe-like communities around the site, possibly in response to a relatively warm and dry climate ∼11.4–11.2 kyr BP. Both pollen and plant macrofossil data demonstrate that larch woods were common in the river valley. Remains of charcoal and pollen of Epilobium indicate fire events and mark a hiatus ∼11.0–8.7 kyr BP. Changes in peat properties, C31/C27 alkane ratios and radiocarbon dates suggest that two other hiatuses occurred ∼8.2–6.9 and ∼6.7–0.6 kyr BP. Prior to 0.6 kyr BP, a major fire destroyed the mire surface. The upper 60 cm of the studied section is composed of aeolian sands modified in the uppermost part by the modern soil formation. For the first time, local growth of larch during the Younger Dryas has been verified in the western foreland of the Verkhoyansk Mountains (∼170 km south of the Arctic Circle), thus increasing our understanding of the quick reforestation of northern Eurasia by the early Holocene