Snake-Bite Gangrene in Children: A Report of Two Cases

Snake-bite can be both life and limb threatening, especially when there is envenomation. Early intervention in a fairly equipped health facility can go a long way in preventing the morbidity and mortality that can result from delay in initiating treatment. In this paper we report two cases of snakebite to the lower limbs in children that were both complicated by gangrene which led to major limb amputation in both. These are avoidable complications that should have been averted by appropriate care immediately after the snake-bite. Key words:Snake-bite, Gangrene, Childre

Finite Element Analysis of Thermoelastic Fiber-Reinforced Anisotropic Hollow Cylinder with Dual-Phase-Lag Model

In the present paper, we have constructed the equations for generalized thermoelasticity of a fiber-reinforced anisotropic hollow cylinder. The formulation is applied in the context of dualphase-lag model. An application of hollow cylinder is investigated for the outer surface is traction free and thermally isolated, while the inner surface is traction free and subjected to thermal shock. The problem is solved numerically using a finite element method. The results of displacement, temperature and radial and hoop stress are obtained and then presented graphically. Finally, the comparisons are made between the results predicted by the coupled theory, Lord and Shulman theory and dual-phase-lag model in presence and absence of reinforcement.acceptedVersionThis is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in [Strength of Materials] Locked until 28.8.2019 due to copyright restrictions. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-018-9983-

Epidemiology of armed robbery‑related gunshot injuries in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Background and Objectives: Gunshot Injuries used to be rare in Nigeria until the civil war of 1967–1970. Unfortunately, it has become very rampant recently. The objective of this paper is to look at the epidemiology of armed robbery‑related gunshot injuries as seen in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital over a five‑year period. Materials and Methods: Data on patients that presented with gunshot injuries within the study period (January 2002 to December 2006) were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: We studied 129 patients with gunshot injuries that were managed during the study period. This comprises of 117 males and 12 females (M:F=9.8:1). Eighty four (65.1%) were young males between 20 and 40 years. One hundred and fifteen (89.2%) of the 129 victims were shot by armed robbers, the remaining 14 (10.8%) were shot under other circumstances not related to armed robbery. Analysis of the time of attack revealed 72% of victims were attacked at night. Over 80% of victims were shot along the highway. The anatomical sites of gunshot entry wound show the extremities having the highest of 46.1%. Ninety one (79.1%) victims were treated operatively while 16 (13.9%) were treated nonoperatively. Conclusion: Armed robbery is the motive behind most gunshot injuries in Nigeria. Most of these attacks are preventable if the government would support and motivate the security apparatus responsible. There is also need for the government to support the victims by shouldering their treatment and subsequent rehabilitation.Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice • Jan-Mar 2012 • Vol 15 • Issue

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies from the CHARGE consortium identifies common variants associated with carotid intima media thickness and plaque

Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and plaque determined by ultrasonography are established measures of subclinical atherosclerosis that each predicts future cardiovascular disease events. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 31,211 participants of European ancestry from nine large studies in the setting of the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium. We then sought additional evidence to support our findings among 11,273 individuals using data from seven additional studies. In the combined meta-analysis, we identified three genomic regions associated with common carotid intima media thickness and two different regions associated with the presence of carotid plaque (P < 5 × 10 -8). The associated SNPs mapped in or near genes related to cellular signaling, lipid metabolism and blood pressure homeostasis, and two of the regions were associated with coronary artery disease (P < 0.006) in the Coronary Artery Disease Genome-Wide Replication and Meta-Analysis (CARDIoGRAM) consortium. Our findings may provide new insight into pathways leading to subclinical atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular events

Developing an Individual-level Geodemographic Classification

Geodemographics is a spatially explicit classification of socio-economic data, which can be used to describe and analyse individuals by where they live. Geodemographic information is used by the public sector for planning and resource allocation but it also has considerable use within commercial sector applications. Early geodemographic systems, such as the UK’s ACORN (A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods), used only area-based census data, but more recent systems have added supplementary layers of information, e.g. credit details and survey data, to provide better discrimination between classes. Although much more data has now become available, geodemographic systems are still fundamentally built from area-based census information. This is partly because privacy laws require release of census data at an aggregate level but mostly because much of the research remains proprietary. Household level classifications do exist but they are often based on regressions between area and household data sets. This paper presents a different approach for creating a geodemographic classification at the individual level using only census data. A generic framework is presented, which classifies data from the UK Census Small Area Microdata and then allocates the resulting clusters to a synthetic population created via microsimulation. The framework is then applied to the creation of an individual-based system for the city of Leeds, demonstrated using data from the 2001 census, and is further validated using individual and household survey data from the British Household Panel Survey

Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Fatigue Endurance Limit of Two AL Alloys

In this work , an experimental study to obtain the fatigue endurance limit for two aluminum alloy , 2024 and 5052 , were carried out at stress ratio R=-1 and rotary bending tests . The fatigue tests were performed at RT, 100 °C, 200 °C and 300 °C in order to establish the S–N curve equations. The fatigue endurance limits for both alloys at different temperature conditions were calculated at 107 cycles from the empirical S-N curve equations. It was found that the fatigue endurance limit decrease with increasing the temperature. Also the reduction percentage in fatigue endurance limit for 5052 Al. alloy was higher than that of 2024 Al. alloy

Fracture patternsas seen at the accident and emergency department of the university of maiduguri teaching hospital Nigeria: - a five year prospective study

Most trauma resulting from vehicular accidents or otherwise, often involve the skeleton (made up of 206 bones), resulting into a fracture. Fractures are a cause of high morbidity and occasionally mortality. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the anatomical regions most involved, fracture types, their causes, outcome of treatment and the commonest complication of the fracture in our environment. Method: A five year prospective study (January 2005 to December 2009) was undertaken. All patients presented at the Accident and Emergency Unit of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, both fresh and old fractures were included. All were followed up to discharge from the hospital and some years after. Those that died were noted. A proforma was used to collect the data. Follow up was between 2 to5 years. Results: During the period of the study, there were 24, 041 emergencies that reported to UMTH, 6,535(27.2%) were due to RTA and 596 (2.5%) had fractures, presenting with 677 fractures. There were 477(80.2%) males and 189(19.8%) females, giving a ratio of 4:1. The lower limbs were affected in 247(41.5%) patients, upper limbs in 146(24.6%), more than one region 54(9.1%), maxillofacial 47(7.9%), skull 41(6.9%), spinal fractures 33(5.5%) andpelvic fractures 28(4.7%). There were 435(73.2%) motor vehicular cases, (3.4%) follows domestic accidents and11(1.9%) from assaults. There were 66 associated injuries. Conclusion: Fractures occurred in about 10% of RTAs with males more involved than Females (4:1) and motor vehicular accidents causing most of the fractures. The lower limbs were more involved and most of the fractures were closed. Association with head injury leads to more mortality

Fixed points of Suzuki type generalized multivalued mappings in fuzzy metric spaces with applications

The aim of this paper is to introduce a class of multivalued mappings satisfying a Suzuki type generalized contractive condition in the framework of fuzzy metric spaces and to present fixed point results for such mappings. Some examples are presented to support the results proved herein. As an application, a common fixed point result for a hybrid pair of single and multivalued mappings is obtained. We show the existence and uniqueness of a common bounded solution of functional equations arising in dynamic programming. Our results generalize and extend various results in the existing literature.http://link.springer.com/journal/11784hb201

Global burden of disease due to smokeless tobacco consumption in adults : analysis of data from 113 countries

BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco is consumed in most countries in the world. In view of its widespread use and increasing awareness of the associated risks, there is a need for a detailed assessment of its impact on health. We present the first global estimates of the burden of disease due to consumption of smokeless tobacco by adults. METHODS: The burden attributable to smokeless tobacco use in adults was estimated as a proportion of the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost and deaths reported in the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study. We used the comparative risk assessment method, which evaluates changes in population health that result from modifying a population's exposure to a risk factor. Population exposure was extrapolated from country-specific prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption, and changes in population health were estimated using disease-specific risk estimates (relative risks/odds ratios) associated with it. Country-specific prevalence estimates were obtained through systematically searching for all relevant studies. Disease-specific risks were estimated by conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses based on epidemiological studies. RESULTS: We found adult smokeless tobacco consumption figures for 115 countries and estimated burden of disease figures for 113 of these countries. Our estimates indicate that in 2010, smokeless tobacco use led to 1.7 million DALYs lost and 62,283 deaths due to cancers of mouth, pharynx and oesophagus and, based on data from the benchmark 52 country INTERHEART study, 4.7 million DALYs lost and 204,309 deaths from ischaemic heart disease. Over 85 % of this burden was in South-East Asia. CONCLUSIONS: Smokeless tobacco results in considerable, potentially preventable, global morbidity and mortality from cancer; estimates in relation to ischaemic heart disease need to be interpreted with more caution, but nonetheless suggest that the likely burden of disease is also substantial. The World Health Organization needs to consider incorporating regulation of smokeless tobacco into its Framework Convention for Tobacco Control

Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and mammalian lung

10.1371/journal.pone.0024019PLoS ONE68