School Effects on the Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents

Well-being is a multidimensional construct, with psychological, physical and social components. As theoretical basis to help understand this concept and how it relates to school, we propose the Self-Determination Theory, which contends that self-determined motivation and personality integration, growth and well-being are dependent on a healthy balance of three innate psychological needs of autonomy, relatedness and competence. Thus, current indicators involve school effects on children’s well-being, in many diverse modalities which have been explored. Some are described in this chapter, mainly: the importance of peer relationships; the benefits of friendship; the effects of schools in conjunction with some forms of family influence; the school climate in terms of safety and physical ecology; the relevance of the teacher input; the school goal structure and the implementation of cooperative learning. All these parameters have an influence in promoting optimal functioning among children and increasing their well-being by meeting the above mentioned needs. The empirical support for the importance of schools indicates significant small effects, which often translate into important real-life effects as it is admitted at present. The conclusion is that schools do make a difference in children’s peer relationships and well-being

When Good Things Feel Closer and Bad Things Feel Farther: The Role of Perceived Control on Psychological Distance Perception

© 2018 Society for Consumer Psychology Prior research has found that people perceive positive objects and locations as physically closer than negative ones. Yet, other work has found the opposite to be true for perceptions of temporal distance, where negative future events feel closer than positive ones. Motivated by this seeming discrepancy, we propose that (a) feelings of control can differentially influence how far away valenced (i.e., positive or negative) targets feel in space and time and that (b) the difference in perceived control over space versus time can account for these opposite findings. First, across four studies, we show that high (vs. low) control makes positive targets feel closer and negative targets feel more distant in both physical space (Studies 1 and 1a) and time (Studies 2 and 2a). Then, in Studies 3 and 4, we simultaneously examine perceptions of spatial and temporal distance and show that baseline differences in perceived control between these domains can explain the prior discrepant findings. Finally, a within-paper meta-analysis offers further support to these findings

Commercial Magnetic Liquids Effect on Human Organism

Tato práce se zabývá možným vlivem magnetických kapalin na lidský organismus. Úvodní část obsahuje seznámení s magnetickými kapalinami a seznamuje s obsahem i cíli bakalářské práce. Následující kapitola se zabývá podrobnějším představením magnetických kapalin a jejich vlastností. Další kapitoly jsou věnovány výrobcům a distributorům magnetických kapalin, cenovým relacím a portfoliu kapalin dostupných na trhu. Na tyto kapitoly navazuje část práce zabývající se možnými zdravotními riziky souvisejícími se stykem člověka s těmito kapalinami, která současně obsahuje kritické hodnocení aplikací využívajících magnetickou kapalinu z hlediska možnosti kontaktu kapaliny s člověkem. Zároveň jsou zde uvedena hygienická doporučení pro práci s kapalinami.Katedra technologií a měřeníObhájenoMagnetic fluid, magnetorheological fluid, ferrofluid, health risk, biocompatibility, hyperthermia, thermoablation, protective clothing, hygienic measure

The Betrayal Aversion Elicitation Task: An Individual Level Betrayal Aversion Measure

Research on betrayal aversion shows that individuals' response to risk depends not only on probabilities and payoffs, but also on whether the risk includes a betrayal of trust. While previous studies focus on measuring aggregate levels of betrayal aversion, the connection between an individual's own betrayal aversion and other individually varying factors, including risk preferences, are currently unexplored. This paper develops a new task to elicit an individual's level of betrayal aversion that can then be compared to individual characteristics. We demonstrate the feasibility of our new task and show that our aggregate individual results are consistent with previous studies. We then use this classification to ask whether betrayal aversion is correlated with risk aversion. While we find risk aversion and betrayal aversion have no significant relationship, we do observe that risk aversion is correlated with non-social risk preferences, but not the social, betrayal related, risk component of the new task