Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Jual Beli Dengan Menggunakan L/C (Letter Of Credit) Pada PT. Batik Danar Hadi Surakarta

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk : 1) Mengetahui prosedur pembayaran dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian jual beli dengan menggunakan Irrevocable Letter of Credit. 2) Mengetahui hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi PT. Batik Danar Hadi Surakarta dalam pelaksanaan pembayaran dengan menggunakan Irrevocable Letter of Credit. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis empiris. Spesifikasi penelitian dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah bersifat deskriptif analitis. Jenis datanya berupa data primer dan sekunder, yang terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Metode analisis data yang dipergunakan adalah analisis data deduktif. Metode deduktif adalah suatu metode penarikan kesimpulan dari hal-hal yang bersifat umum menuju penulisan yang bersifat khusus. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan: 1) Prosedur pembayaran dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian jual beli dengan menggunakan Irrevocable Letter of Credit di PT. Batik Danar Hadi Surakarta menggunakan wesel sebagai alat pembayaran, dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: a) PT. Batik Danar Hadi Surakarta (eksportir) mengirimkan barang kepada importir melalui maskapai pelayaran, selanjutnya mengirimkan dokumen pengiriman kepada importir dan memberitahukan adanya penarikan wesel. b) PT. Batik Danar Hadi Surakarta mendatangi bank penerus dengan membawa wesel yang sudah dilampiri dokumen pengiriman, yang selanjutnya bank penerus dalam hal ini PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia membayar kepada PT. Batik Danar Hadi Surakarta selaku eksportir. c) Selanjutnya bank penerus yaitu PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia mengirimkan wesel tersebut kepada bank yang ada di negara tempat importir tinggal. Dengan diterimanya wesel, bank pembuka yang ada di luar negeri akan membayar kepada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia. Pembayaran tidak dilakukan dengan cara mengirimkan uang, tapi hanya dalam bentuk pencatatan saldo. d) Langkah terakhir, bank yang ada di luar negeri (bank pembuka) menagih kepada importir. Apabila importir memiliki rekening di bank pembuka maka bank pembuka tinggal mengurangi jumlah yang tersimpan di rekeningnya. 2) Hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi PT. Batik Danar Hadi Surakarta dalam pelaksanaan pembayaran dengan menggunakan Irrevocable Letter of Credit, adalah terjadi penyimpangan dokumen yang seringkali menghambat dan menyita waktu. Penyimpangan yang terjadi disebabkan antara lain oleh: kekurangtelitian staff pegawai dalam membuat dokumen menyebabkan kesalahan pengetikan dalam dokumen-dokumen yang disyaratkan dalam L/C. Namun apabila PT. Batik Danar Hadi Surakarta dapat memenuhi semua ketentuan dalam cara pembayaran L/C maupun dokumen B/L yang diminta maka tidak ada permasalahan yang menghambat

Risk factors for wound infection in surgery for spinal metastasis

Wound infection rates are generally higher in patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastasis. Risk factors of wound infection in these patients are poorly understood. Purpose To identify demographic and clinical variables that may be associated with patients experiencing a higher wound infection rate. Study design Retrospective study with prospectively collected data of spinal metastasis patients operated consecutively at a University Teaching Hospital, adult spine division which is a tertiary referral centre for complex spinal surgery. Patient sample Ninety-eight patients were all surgically treated, consecutively from January 2009 to September 2011. Three patients had to be excluded due to inadequate data. Outcome measures Physiological measures, with presence or absence of microbiologically proven infection. Methods Various demographic and clinical data were recorded, including age, serum albumin level, blood total lymphocyte count, corticosteroid intake, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) score, neurological disability, skin closure material used, levels of surgery and administration of peri-operative corticosteroids. No funding was received from any sources for this study and as far as we are aware, there are no potential conflict of interest-associated biases in this study. Results Higher probabilities of infection were associated with low albumin level, seven or more levels of surgery, use of delayed/non-absorbable skin closure material and presence of neurological disability. Of these factors, levels of surgery were found to be statistically significant at the 5 % significance level. Conclusion Risk of infection is high (17.9 %) in patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastasis. Seven or more vertebral levels of surgery increase the risk of infection significantly (p < 0.05). Low albumin level and presence of neurological disability appear to show a trend towards increased risk of infection. Use of absorbable skin closure material, age, low lymphocyte count, peri-operative administration of corticosteroids and MUST score do not appear to influence the risk of infection

Karakteristik Mutu Rajungan (Portunnus pelagicus) Pasteurisasi dalam Kaleng di BMI, Lampung Selatan, Lampung

Pengalengan merupakan salah satu bentuk pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan modern serta memerlukan pengemasan dan sterilisasi yang cermat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan metode pengolahan kepiting kalengan yang dipasteurisasi. Metode ini dilakukan melalui observasi dan survei yang mengikuti pelaksanaan penelitian di lapangan. Pengujian mutu dilakukan pada daging rajungan rebus dingin dan daging rajungan pasteurisasi dalam kaleng meliputi mutu sensori, mikrobiologi (Angka Lempeng Total/ALT. Escherichia coli dan Salmonella) dan kimia (chloramphenicol). Analisa data dilakukan dengan deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan rajungan pasteurisasi dalam kaleng dilakukan dengan baik, tetapi tidak sesuai dengan SNI 6929.3:2010 tentang cara menangani dan mengolah daging rajungan pasteurisasi dalam kaleng. Hasil uji nilai sensori daging rajungan rebus dingin rata-rata 8, dan sensori rajungan kaleng pasteurisasi nilai rata-rata 7. Penerapan rantai dingin telah diterapkan dengan baik dengan suhu rajungan pada receiving 1,9°C, sizing 3,3°C, picking 8,6°C, sortir 7,4°C, dark room 7,7°C, final checking8,3°C, mixing and before seaming 9,1°C. Hasil pengujian mikrobiologi produk akhir ALT 4x102 koloni/g, Coliform &lt;3 (APM/g), E. coli &lt;3.0 (APM/g), S. aureus &lt;3 (APM/g), Listeria Negatif, Salmonella Negatif, Vibrio Negatif. Hasil uji antibiotik rajungan bahan baku rata-rata not detected ppb, sesuai dengan standar perusahaan dan SNI. Hasil pengujian fisik berupa filth tidak melebihi standar dan bobot tuntas pada produk akhir dinyatakan tidak kurang dari standar yang telah ditetapkan SNI minimal 90%

Terapi Dzikir Thariqah Qadiriyah Wa Naqsabandiyah Untuk Meningkatkan Ketenangan Jiwa Pada ODGJ di Panti Rehabilitasi Pondok Tetirah Dzikir Yogyakarta

The development of the variety of human life that is increasingly complex in line with the advancement of the era of globalization causes of human affairs. The more advanced the community, the more complexities of life they live, and the more difficult it is for people to achieve peace of mind. This is certainly very influential on human mental health. Mental or psychiatric disorders are manifestations of behavioral deviations due to emotional distortions so that irregularities are found in behavior, this happens because of the decline in all mental functions. This study aims to determine the therapy of dzikir thariqah qadiriyah wa naqsabandiyah to improve peace of mind in people with mental disorders at Pondok Tetirah Dzikir Rehabilitation Center. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. The result is that this therapy is effective in increasing the peace of the soul for people with mental disorders, because in essence a person losing his mind is only result or form of losing faith and the most appropriate way to increase faith is to increase dzikir, remember Allah. Perkembangan ragam kehidupan manusia yang semakin kompleks sejalan dengan majunya era globalisasi menyebabkan semakin kompleksnya urusan manusia. Semakin maju masyarakat maka semakin banyak kompleksitas hidup yang dijalaninya, dan semakin sukar masyarakat untuk mencapai ketenangan hidup. Hal ini tentunya sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan mental manusia. Gangguan mental atau kejiwaan merupakan manifestasi dari bentuk penyimpangan perilaku akibat adanya distorsi emosi sehingga ditemukan ketidakwajaran dalam hal bertingkah laku, hal ini terjadi karena menurunnya semua fungsi kejiwaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui Terapi Dzikir Thariqah Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah untuk Meningkatkan Ketenangan Jiwa pada ODGJ di Panti Rehabilitasi Pondok Tetirah Dzikir. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa terapi dzikir thariqah qadiriyah wa naqsabandiyah ampuh untuk meningkatkan ketenangan jiwa ODGJ, karena hakikatnya seseorang kehilangan akal hanyalah akibat atau bentuk dari kehilangan iman dan cara yang paling tepat untuk meningkatkan iman adalah dengan memperbanyak dzikir, ingat kepada Allah SWT

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980–2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017

Background Understanding the patterns of HIV/AIDS epidemics is crucial to tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts in countries. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, mortality, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 1980–2017 and forecast these estimates to 2030 for 195 countries and territories. Methods We determined a modelling strategy for each country on the basis of the availability and quality of data. For countries and territories with data from population-based seroprevalence surveys or antenatal care clinics, we estimated prevalence and incidence using an open-source version of the Estimation and Projection Package—a natural history model originally developed by the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling, and Projections. For countries with cause-specific vital registration data, we corrected data for garbage coding (ie, deaths coded to an intermediate, immediate, or poorly defined cause) and HIV misclassification. We developed a process of cohort incidence bias adjustment to use information on survival and deaths recorded in vital registration to back-calculate HIV incidence. For countries without any representative data on HIV, we produced incidence estimates by pulling information from observed bias in the geographical region. We used a re-coded version of the Spectrum model (a cohort component model that uses rates of disease progression and HIV mortality on and off ART) to produce age-sex-specific incidence, prevalence, and mortality, and treatment coverage results for all countries, and forecast these measures to 2030 using Spectrum with inputs that were extended on the basis of past trends in treatment scale-up and new infections. Findings Global HIV mortality peaked in 2006 with 1·95 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·87–2·04) and has since decreased to 0·95 million deaths (0·91–1·01) in 2017. New cases of HIV globally peaked in 1999 (3·16 million, 2·79–3·67) and since then have gradually decreased to 1·94 million (1·63–2·29) in 2017. These trends, along with ART scale-up, have globally resulted in increased prevalence, with 36·8 million (34·8–39·2) people living with HIV in 2017. Prevalence of HIV was highest in southern sub-Saharan Africa in 2017, and countries in the region had ART coverage ranging from 65·7% in Lesotho to 85·7% in eSwatini. Our forecasts showed that 54 countries will meet the UNAIDS target of 81% ART coverage by 2020 and 12 countries are on track to meet 90% ART coverage by 2030. Forecasted results estimate that few countries will meet the UNAIDS 2020 and 2030 mortality and incidence targets. Interpretation Despite progress in reducing HIV-related mortality over the past decade, slow decreases in incidence, combined with the current context of stagnated funding for related interventions, mean that many countries are not on track to reach the 2020 and 2030 global targets for reduction in incidence and mortality. With a growing population of people living with HIV, it will continue to be a major threat to public health for years to come. The pace of progress needs to be hastened by continuing to expand access to ART and increasing investments in proven HIV prevention initiatives that can be scaled up to have population-level impact

Evaluation of urban local-scale aerodynamic parameters: implications for the vertical profile of wind speed and for source areas

Nine methods to determine local-scale aerodynamic roughness length (z0) and zero-plane displacement (zd) are compared at three sites (within 60 m of each other) in London, UK. Methods include three anemometric (single-level high frequency observations), six morphometric (surface geometry) and one reference-based approach (look-up tables). A footprint model is used with the morphometric methods in an iterative procedure. The results are insensitive to the initial zd and z0 estimates. Across the three sites, zd varies between 5 – 45 m depending upon the method used. Morphometric methods that incorporate roughness-element height variability agree better with anemometric methods, indicating zd is consistently greater than the local mean building height. Depending upon method and wind direction, z0 varies between 0.1 and 5 m with morphometric z0 consistently being 2 – 3 m larger than the anemometric z0. No morphometric method consistently resembles the anemometric methods. Wind-speed profiles observed with Doppler lidar provide additional data with which to assess the methods. Locally determined roughness parameters are used to extrapolate wind-speed profiles to a height roughly 200 m above the canopy. Wind-speed profiles extrapolated based on morphometric methods that account for roughness-element height variability are most similar to observations. The extent of the modelled source area for measurements varies by up to a factor of three, depending upon the morphometric method used to determine zd and z0

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]