Targeting cancer cell death with a bcl-x S adenovirus

Transformation is a complex cellular process that requires several genetic abnormalities. In many cases, one of these abnormalities is an inhibition of PCD, which provides a selective advantage for tumor cells. This has been recently shown in an in vivo model, where overexpression of Bcl-x L is a crucial step in the progression from hyperplasia to neoplasia and is accompanied by a significant decrease in tumor apoptosis [56].Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46936/1/281_2004_Article_BF00787225.pd

Morphological and ecological complexity in early eukaryotic ecosystems

Molecular phylogeny and biogeochemistry indicate that eukaryotes differentiated early in Earth history. Sequence comparisons of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes suggest a deep evolutionary divergence of Eukarya and Archaea(1); C-27-C-29 steranes (derived from sterols synthesized by eukaryotes) and strong depletion of C-13 (a biogeochemical signature of methanogenic Archaea) in 2,700 Myr old kerogens independently place a minimum age on this split(2,3). Steranes, large spheroidal microfossils, and rare macrofossils of possible eukaryotic origin occur in Palaeoproterozoic rocks(4-6). Until now, however, evidence for morphological and taxonomic diversification within the domain has generally been restricted to very late Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic successions(7). Here we show that the cytoskeletal and ecological prerequisites for eukaryotic diversification were already established in eukaryotic microorganisms fossilized nearly 1,500 Myr ago in shales of the early Mesoproterozoic Roper Group in northern Australia