KONSERVASI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DAN ASOSIASI DENGAN MAKROZOOBENTHOS DI KAWASAN KRUENG REULENG KECAMATAN LEUPUNG LABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

Afkar: Konservasi Ekosistem Mangrove dan Asosiasi dengan Makrozoobenthos di Kawasan Krueng Reuleng Kecamatan Leupung Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Pembimbing : (1) Dr. Djufri, M. Si.,(2)Dr. M. Ali Sarong, M. Si.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui, (1) jumlah spesies makrozoobenthos yang berasosiasi dengan ekosistem mangrove, (2) makrozoobenthos yang dominan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, (3) tingkat ancaman manusia terhadap kerusakan mangrove dan, (4) upaya konservasi ekosistem mangrove di Krueng Reuleng Kecamatan Leupung Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian dilakukan pada April sampai Mei 2014. Lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 3 stasiun yaitu hulu, aliran dan muara. Pengambilan data makrozoobenthos menggunakan Quadrat Sampling Method, sedangkan perolehan informasi tentang makrozoobenthos yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat dan upaya konservasi ekosistem mangrove menggunakan Metode Wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makrozoobenthos yang berasosiasi dengan mangrove sebanyak 18 spesies, dan makrozoobenthos yang dominan dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebanyak 2 spesies. Mangrove di Krueng Reuleng mengalami kerusakan sebesar 50% yang berarti rusak berat, dan upaya konservasi ekosistem mangrove belum dilakukan oleh masyarakat Leupung. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah, (1) jumlah spesies makrozoobenthos yang berasosiasi dengan ekosistem mangrove adalah 18 spesies, (2) makrozoobenthos yang dominan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat adalah Geloina erosa dan Faunus ater,(3) tingkat ancaman manusia terhadap kerusakan mangrove adalah lebih dari serius, (4) upaya konservasi ekosistem mangrove di Krueng Reuleng belum dilakukan oleh masyarakat.Kata Kunci:Asosiasi, Makrozoobenthos, Konservasi Mangrove,Krueng Reuleng

Microbial electrocatalysis with Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilm on stainless steel cathodes

Stainless steel and graphite electrodes were individually addressed and polarized at−0.60V vs. Ag/AgCl in reactors filled with a growth medium that contained 25mM fumarate as the electron acceptor and no electron donor, in order to force the microbial cells to use the electrode as electron source. When the reactor was inoculated with Geobacter sulfurreducens, the current increased and stabilized at average values around 0.75Am−2 for graphite and 20.5Am−2 for stainless steel. Cyclic voltammetry performed at the end of the experiment indicated that the reduction started at around −0.30V vs. Ag/AgCl on stainless steel. Removing the biofilm formed on the electrode surface made the current totally disappear, confirming that the G.sulfurreducens biofilm was fully responsible for the electrocatalysis of fumarate reduction. Similar current densities were recorded when the electrodes were polarized after being kept in open circuit for several days. The reasons for the bacteria presence and survival on non-connected stainless steel coupons were discussed. Chronoamperometry experiments performed at different potential values suggested that the biofilm-driven catalysis was controlled by electrochemical kinetics. The high current density obtained, quite close to the redox potential of the fumarate/succinate couple, presents stainless steel as a remarkable material to support biocathodes

DSA to grow electrochemically active biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens

Biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens were grown on graphite and on dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) in medium that did not contain any soluble electron acceptor. Several working electrodes were individually addressed and placed in the same reactor to compare their electrochemical behaviour in exactly the same biochemical conditions. Under constant polarization at 0.20Vversus Ag/AgCl, the electrodes were able progressively to oxidize acetate (5 mM), and average current densities around 5Am−2 and 8Am−2 were sustained for days on DSA and graphite, respectively. Removing the biofilm from the electrodes led the current to zero, while changing the medium by fresh one did not disturb the current when contact to air was avoided. This confirmed that the biofilm was fully responsible for the electro-catalysis of acetate oxidation and the current was not due to the accumulation of compounds in the bulk. Cyclic voltammetries performed during chronoamperometry indicated that the oxidation started above 0.05V versus Ag/AgCl. The difference in maximal current values obtained with DSA and graphite was not linked to the biofilm coverage ratios, which were of the same order of magnitude in the range of 62–78%. On the contrary, the difference in maximal current values matched the ratio of the average surface roughness of the materials, 5.6 m and 3.2 m for graphite and DSA, respectively

Growth and Yields Response of Some Varieties of Soybean (Glycine Max (L) Merill) on Ultisol Soil

Soybean is an agricultural product that has a good nutritional value, especially Protein content. This study aims to find superior varieties that have a wide adaptation to the sour soil especially in Ultisol soils. The study was conducted in Gulo Village, Darul Hasanah Sub-District, Southeast Aceh Regency, Aceh Province, from May to September 2019. The study used a non factorial randomized block design (RBD), with 4 treatment varieties (V) levels that were repeated as many as 4 replications; namely V1: Anjasmoro Varieties, V2: Dena Varieties, V3: Deja Varieties 1, V4: Detaptive Varieties 1, Variance analysis test results showed that the plant height was 1 WAP, Age 2 WAP, Age 3 WAP, Age 4 WAP, Age 5 WAP , and Age 6 WAP had no significant effect. However the highest yield on 1 WAP was found in variety V4 (10.40) in the second test and the lowest was in the first test. V2 was second test. While the best number of segments and branches were produced by V3 treatment. The best results for the total number of pods, number of pods, total empty pods, number of sample plant seeds and weight of sample plant seeds were produced by treatment V3

Isolation and Identification of Cryptosporidium sp. by Reverse Osmosis System of Tap water in Baghdad

A total of 60 samples of drinking water filtrated by Reverser 0smosis Filtration System from April to October 2012, from different houses in Baghdad – Al Resafa, so as to identify the eggs and cysts of protozoa. Two methods applied direct smear and staining technique with zeal nelson stain, which appeared Tape warm eggs, Ascaris lumbrecoides eggs and oocyst of Cryptospordium sp. This study revealed that total contamination rate with intestinal parasites in tap water were 96.6% this high rate, refers to filtrate tap water by reverse osmosis system was useful to prevent or reduce the contamination of drinking water, in order to reduce risks to public health; So recommended to apply this method at water purification stations. Distribution of Cryptosporidium sp. as study months of year appeared that Spring (April& May ) were recorded the highest rate of contamination in filtrate tap water samples, that due to potential temperatures degrees for this protozoa as(20-30cº).When the drinking water was better as environmental maintained decreased the infection with these parasites

Public Services, Social Protection, and Poverty : Evidence from Indonesia

Although global poverty reduction strategies have achieved some positive results, 1.2 billion people still live in extreme poverty. Two principal strategies are commonly used to tackle poverty: the provision of public services and social protection programs. This dissertation explores the links between the two strategies and poverty reduction in Indonesia. The study starts by exploring the persistence of poverty in rural Indonesia. Using panel data of household and community surveys, the study found evidence of state dependence of poverty, that is, the likelihood of being poor is significantly associated with poverty status in the previous period. Therefore, policies aimed at lifting the poor out of poverty may not only reduce current poverty rates but might also boost long-term growth. The results also suggest the importance of public services and community infrastructures in determining household poverty status. Secondly, this dissertation analyzes the impact of decentralized public spending on education on educational outcomes. Using a panel dataset of Indonesian districts from 2001-2012, combining household surveys, village censuses, and district fiscal data, the analysis reveals that decentralized public spending on education by local governments has a negligible impact on education outcomes across income distribution, including the poor. The results suggest that improving the quality of public spending on education is essential for better outcomes of decentralized public service delivery. Thirdly, this research highlights the roles of social protection programs in response to rising food prices. Social protection helps poor households maintain their food and nutrition security, especially during crises. This study evaluates the synergy impacts of two main social protection programs in Indonesia – Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) and Subsidized Rice Program (Raskin) – on food and nutrition security. The analysis reveals that CCT had a much greater impact on food and nutrition security for existing Raskin recipients. The study also found that providing both CCT and Raskin may not always yield better outcomes than providing only CCT. The study suggests to consider the importance of reformulating these overlapping programs, especially because Raskin consumes more than half of the social protection budget.Obwohl die globalen Armutsbekämpfungsstrategien einige positive Ergebnisse erzielt haben, leben 1,2 Milliarden Menschen noch immer in extremer Armut. Zwei Hauptstrategien werden häufig verwendet, um Armut zu bekämpfen: die Bereitstellung von öffentlichen Diensten und Sozialschutzprogramme. Diese Dissertation untersucht die Beziehung zwischen den beiden Strategien einerseits und der Verringerung der Armut in Indonesien andererseits. Die Studie beginnt mit der Untersuchung der Persistenz der Armut im ländlichen Indonesien. Durch Paneldatenanalyse von Haushalts- und Community-Befragungen fand die Studie Anzeichen für eine Statusabhängigkeit der Armut, das heißt, die Wahrscheinlichkeit, arm zu sein, ist signifikant assoziiert mit dem Armutsstatus in der Vorperiode. Daher könnten Strategien zur Befreiung der Armen aus der Armut nicht nur aktuelle Armutsquoten reduzieren, sondern auch das langfristige Wachstum steigern. Des Weiteren legen unsere Ergebnisse die Bedeutsamkeit von öffentlichen Dienstleistungen und den Infrastrukturen der Gemeinden für die Bestimmung des Armutsstatus nahe. Zweitens analysiert diese Dissertation die Auswirkungen dezentraler öffentlicher Ausgaben für Bildung auf die Bildungsergebnisse. Mit Hilfe eines Paneldatensatzes zur Situation der indonesische Bezirke von 2001-2012, der Haushaltsbefragungen, Zensusdaten auf Ebene der Dörfer und Haushaltsdaten von Bezirken kombinierte, zeigt die Analyse, dass die dezentralen öffentlichen Bildungsausgaben der lokalen Regierungen einen vernachlässigbaren Einfluss auf die Bildungsergebnisse in der Einkommensverteilung, einschließlich der Armen, haben. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Verbesserung der Qualität der öffentlichen Ausgaben für Bildung essentiell ist, um durch die dezentrale Erbringung öffentlicher Dienstleistungen bessere Ergebnisse zu erreichen. Drittens hebt diese Forschung die Rolle der Sozialschutzprogramme als Reaktion auf steigende Lebensmittelpreise hervor. Sozialschutz hilft armen Haushalten, ihre Ernährungsund Nahrungssicherheit zu erhalten, vor allem in Krisenzeiten. Diese Studie bewertet die Synergiewirkungen von zwei Sozialschutzprogramme in Indonesien – dem Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) und dem subventionierten Reisprogramm (Raskin) – auf die Ernährungs- und Nahrungssicherheit. Wir fanden, dass CCT einen viel größeren Einfluss auf die Ernährungs- und Nahrungssicherheit für bestehende Raskin-Empfänger hatte. Außerdem stellten wir fest, dass die gleichzeitige Unterstützung durch CCT und Raskin nicht immer zu besseren Ergebnissen führt als die alleinige Bereitstellung von CCT. Die Studie legt nahe, diese überlappenden Programme neu zu formulieren vor allem, da Raskin mehr als die Hälfte des Sozialschutzbudgets verbraucht

PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PLASTIK TERHADAP OBJEK WISATA PANTAI JANGKA KABUPATEN BIREUEN

Pantai sering dijadikan objek wisata unggulan di setiap daerah dan memiliki daya tarik tersendiri untuk dinikmati. Objek wisata Pantai Jangka merupakan salah satu objek wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Bireuen yang banyak dikunjungi pengunjung dan memiliki fasilitas yang cocok untuk bersantai keluarga. Kawasan wisata pantai ini perlu dikelola dengan baik mengingat semakin banyaknya kunjungan wisatawan dengan potensi buangan sampahnya yang semakin meningkat. Persoalan sampah menjadi topik yang selalu dibahas karena berkaitan dengan pola hidup serta budaya masyarakat. Sampah plastik menjadi sebuah permasalahan utama yang belum terselesaikan. Tingginya angka produksi sampah harus diimbangi dengan penanganan dan pengelolaan sampah yang tepat dan perlu peran aktif masyarakat pesisir. Akan tetapi tingkat kesadaran masyarakat akan pengelolaan sampah plastik masih sangat kurang. Melalui kegiatan PKM ini akan dilakukan penyuluhan tentang pengelolaan sampah plastik terhadap objek wisata Pantai Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen.. Subjek pengabdian adalah masyarakat pesisir Pantai Jangka. Tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan dikelompokkan dalam tiga tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi keberlanjutan. Metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan Focused Group Discussion (FGD). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil dari kegiatan penyuluhan ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat pesisir Pantai Jangka mengenai bahaya sampah plastik, cara menjaga kebersihan pantai dan cara pengelolaan sampah plastik

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas dan Likuiditas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

Nilai Perusahaan ialah perihal yang sangat berarti untuk suatu industri, nilai perusahaan bisa dijadikanpatokan selaku tolok ukur tingkatan keberhasilan suatu industri. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan buat mengenalipengaruh profitabilitas yang dihitung mengenakan ROA (return on asset), lalu solvabilitas yang dihitungmengenakan DER (debt to equity ratio), serta likuiditas yang dihitung mengenakan CR (current ratio) terhadapnilai perusahaan industri food and beverages yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014 - 2019.Metode yang dipakai ialah metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menampilkan jika profitabilitas yang dihitungmengenakan ROA (return on asset) tidak mempengaruhi serta tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan,sebaliknya solvabilitas yang dihitung mengenakan DER (debt to equity ratio) mempengaruhi serta signifikanterhadap nilai perusahaan, setelah itu likuiditas yang dihitung mengenakan CR (current ratio) mempengaruhiserta signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan