Modeling views in the layered view model for XML using UML

In data engineering, view formalisms are used to provide flexibility to users and user applications by allowing them to extract and elaborate data from the stored data sources. Conversely, since the introduction of Extensible Markup Language (XML), it is fast emerging as the dominant standard for storing, describing, and interchanging data among various web and heterogeneous data sources. In combination with XML Schema, XML provides rich facilities for defining and constraining user-defined data semantics and properties, a feature that is unique to XML. In this context, it is interesting to investigate traditional database features, such as view models and view design techniques for XML. However, traditional view formalisms are strongly coupled to the data language and its syntax, thus it proves to be a difficult task to support views in the case of semi-structured data models. Therefore, in this paper we propose a Layered View Model (LVM) for XML with conceptual and schemata extensions. Here our work is three-fold; first we propose an approach to separate the implementation and conceptual aspects of the views that provides a clear separation of concerns, thus, allowing analysis and design of views to be separated from their implementation. Secondly, we define representations to express and construct these views at the conceptual level. Thirdly, we define a view transformation methodology for XML views in the LVM, which carries out automated transformation to a view schema and a view query expression in an appropriate query language. Also, to validate and apply the LVM concepts, methods and transformations developed, we propose a view-driven application development framework with the flexibility to develop web and database applications for XML, at varying levels of abstraction

Electrochemical Study Of Catechol In Presence Of Sulfanilic Acid And Diethytamine At Different Ph

This thesis is submitted to the Department of Departmentt of Chemistry, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry, December 2015.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 185-189).The electrochemical behavior of catechol in presence of diethylamide and sulfanilic acid & catechol in presence of sulfanilic acid + diethylamide have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential coulometry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques using Glassy carbon (GC), Gold (Au) and Platinum (Pt) electrodes. The voltammetry studies have been carried out in variation of catechol, diethylamine and sulfanilic acid concentration, buffer solution of different pH, different electrodes and scan rate. Upon addition of diethyl amine and sulfanilic acid in catechol solution at the second scan of potential a new anodic peak appeared at the negative potential and the reduction peak shifted with respect of pure catechol. Also the anodic and cathodic peak current decreases significantly compared with the pure catechol that indicates the participation of reaction of o-benzoquinone with diethylamine, sulfanilic acid and their mixtures. The products generated from the reaction of catechol with diethylamine and sulfanilic acid are assumed to be 4-(diethylamino)-benzene- I ,2-diol, and 4-(bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)amino) benzenesulfonic acid, respectively that undergo electron transfer at more negative potentials than the catechol. The electro-synthesized products originated from catechol with diethylamine and sulfanilic acid were isolated. The formation of new products was also confirmed by FTIR spectra. The effect of pH of catechol in presence of diethylamine and sulfanilic acid were studied by varying pH from 3 to II except sulfanilic acid 2-9. For diethylamine, it is seen that at pH 3-5, no new anodic peak appeared after repetitive cycling. In the pH 7-1 1, the o- benzoquinone undergoes nucleophilic attack by the amines that voltammetric new anodic peak A0 appeared after repetitive cycling. In contrast, for sulfanilic acid at pH 9 no new anodic peak appeared after repetitive cycling. Whereas in pH 7, the voltammogram shows a small peak. For diethylamine, the maximum peak current is obtained at pH 7 but the maximum peak current of sulfanilic acid is obtained at pH 3. The slopes of the peak potential, E vs pH plot was determined graphically as the anodic peaks of catecholdiethylamine (69 mV/pH for first anodic peak A1mV/pH for appeared peak Ao) and catechol-sulfanilic acid (36 mV/pH for first anodic peak A1 or 38 mV/pH for appeared peak Ao) at 0.1 V/s. This indicates that the oxidation reaction of catechol-diethylamine adduct proceeded via the 1e71H process whereas catechol-sulfanilic acid adduct proceeded via the 2ei2H processes. This also suggests that during the reaction not only electron but also proton are released from the catechol-amine adduct. The reaction was strongly influenced by the pH as well as concentration of diethylamine and sulfanilic acid. The reaction was mostly favorable in 250 mM of diethylamine with fixed 2 mM of catechol at pH 7. The reaction of catechol in presence of sulfanilic acid was favorable in 2 mM sulfanilic acid, 2 mM catechol at pH 3. The electro-oxidation of catechol-diethylamine adduct are facilitated in neutral media whereas catechol-sulfanilic acid in acid media. The scan rate effect on cyclic voltammogram of catechol in presence of diethylamine and sulfanilic acid were also studied. The peak current of both the anodic and the corresponding cathodic peaks increases with the increase of scan rate. The nearly proportionality of the anodic and corresponding cathodic peak suggests that the peak current of the reactant at each redox reaction is controlled by diffusion process. The current function for anodic peak A0, (I/v) of catechol-diethylamine derivative was found to be decreased exponentially with increasing scan rate. Catechol-diethylamine derivatives have been found to undergo electrochemical reaction with ECE (electron transferchemical reaction- electron transfer) type mechanism. But, the current function for the anodic peak A0, (I1,/v) of catechol-sulfanilic acid derivative was found to be decreased with increasing scan rate and such a behavior is adopted as indicative of an ECECE type mechanism.Md. AIim UddinMaster of Science in Chemistr

Classification and selection of tools for quality knowledge management

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11219-010-9121-8Abstract Knowledge managers need to select which knowledge management tool to use for any given problem and problem environment. The graphical tool, named the “House of Knowledge Management Tool Selection” is proposed, based on the House of Quality Matrix used in the quality function deployment methodology. A simple case study is described that acts as a proof of concept to show the House of Knowledge Management Tool Selection can systematically evaluate potential tools to solve a knowledge management problem. To help identify the tools to populate the house, an examination was undertaken of how knowledge management tools had previously been listed and classified, but these existing classifications were found to be of little help. No classification existed that categorised the tools in terms of the knowledge problems they helped resolve, yet this classification would seem more useful for knowledge managers. To meet this need, knowledge problems were divided into ten subtypes and the knowledge management tools where then categorised according to their effectiveness at solving each subtype. This new classification was flexible enough to include all types of knowledge management tools and could also change with each problem environment. It was found to give a greater understanding of the knowledge management tools in the context of a particular knowledge problem and it could therefore help populate the house tool. The House of Knowledge Management Tool Selection is a promising development of a tool that should be able to become an essential part of a manager’s decision making toolkit