Villager Responses to Drought:An Ethnographic Study in Southwest China

This thesis explores the social underpinnings of disasters associated with natural hazards. In existing disaster studies, it is common to classify people into different vulnerable groups and examine the vulnerabilities that limit them. Rather than take this approach, which I argue reinforces stereotyped images of vulnerable people as weak and passive, this thesis examines people’s experiences of and responses to a drought in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Building on existing literature, my ethnographic fieldwork and a broad understanding of Chinese society, I have analysed and explained different forms of social institutions, power relations and sets of practices based on China’s rural-urban divide, intra-rural inequality, ethnicity, gender, and social age and life course, and have examined how these forms of inequality and difference shaped communities’, households’, and individuals’ experiences of and responses to drought. I argue that villagers exercise agency, and actively manage the challenges of drought in their daily life. However, their choices are made within the confines of institutional constraints. Different social institutions and relations interact with each other to shape variations in people’s experiences of and responses to drought. At the community level, the existence of village infrastructure and the help of external agencies are key. Obtaining funds for infrastructure construction and drought relief largely depends on personal connections between the village communities and external agencies. At the household level, patterns of social inequalities, in particular the inequalities between ordinary households and those of village cadres, combines with the life course of households to shape experiences of and responses to drought. Within the household, gender intersects with individuals’ life courses to shape people’s experiences of drought and their responses to it

Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Tekanan Darah Ibu Nifas di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kedungwuni I Kabupaten Pekalongan

Latar Belakang: Kondisi ibu nifas yang merawat bayinya dapat mengalami gangguan tidur. Kondisi ibu nifas dapat mengalami hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah ibu nifas. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, jenis korelasi pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Sampel penelitian ibu nifas di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kedungwuni I sebanyak 51 responden. Instrumen berupa kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index yang telah dimodifikasi, di uji validitas dan realibilitas. Hasil uji validitas dengan nilai r hitung 0,480-0,637 dan uji realibilitas dengan nilai cronbach alpha 0,780. Instrumen variabel tekanan darah menggunakan sphygmomanometer digital. Analisa data bivariate menggunakan uji spearman rank. Hasil: Hasil didapatkan 45 (88,2%) kualitas tidur buruk, 28 (54,9%) tekanan darah sistolik normal, 17 (33,3%) tekanan darah diastolik prehipertensi. Kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah sistolik p value 0,023 (p<0,05) menunjukkan terdapat hubungan kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah sistolik. Kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah diastolik p value 0,090 (p>0,05) menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah diastolik. Simpulan: Kualitas tidur berhubungan dengan tekanan darah sistolik, namun tidak berhubungan dengan tekanan darah diastolik. Tenaga kesehatan diharapkan melakukan pendidikan kesehatan terkait kualitas tidur yang perlu diperbaiki selama masa nifas.Backgroud: Postpartum mothers caring for their babies may experience sleep disturbances. The postpartum mother may experience hypertension. This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure in postpartum women. Method: This research is a quantitative study, cross sectional approach correlation type. Total sampling technique. The samples of postpartum woman in the Kedungwuni I Health Center Working Area were 51 respondents. The instrument is a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, tested for validity and reliability. The validity test result with a calculated r value of 0,480-0,637 and reliability test with a Cronbach alpha value of 0,780. Blood pressure variable instrument using a digital sphygmomanometer. Bivariate data analysis using the spearman rank test. Result: The result showed 45 (88,2%) poor sleep quality, 28 (54,9%) normal systolic blood pressure, 17 (33,3%) prehypertension diastolic blood pressure. Sleep quality with systolic blood pressure p value 0,023 (p<0,05) indicates there is a relationship between sleep quality and systolic blood pressure. Sleep quality with diastolic blood pressure p value 0,090 (p>0,05) indicates there is no relationship between sleep quality and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Sleep quality is associated with systolic blood pressure, but not with diastolic blood pressure. Health workes are expected to provide health education related to sleep quality that needs to be improved during the postpartum period

Design Guide for Cold-Formed Steel Purlin Roof Framing Systems

The Design Guide for Cold-Formed Steel Purlin Roof Framing Systems provides information for the designer of single span and continuous multiple span steel purlin-supported roof systems with an emphasis on the design anchorage systems. The Design Guide is based on the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, 2007 Edition. Where the Specification is silent on design issues, the procedures are based on published references and on the opinions of the authors. The Design Guide was co-sponsored by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Metal Building Manufacturers Association (MBMA). AISI and MBMA acknowledge the efforts of Dr. Thomas M. Murray, P.E., Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineer, Virginia Tech; Dr. Michael W. Seek P.E., Walter Seek Engineering, Johnson City, Tennessee; and Mr. Jeff Sears, P.E., Kirkpatrick Forest Curtis PC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The authors wish to acknowledge the financial assistance of Virginia Tech and Star Building Systems, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in sponsoring a large part of the background research for this Design Guide. The contributions of Dennis Watson, P.E., BC Steel, Oklahoma City, are also acknowledged. --Preface, page i

The Variations of Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Properties In Steel Plates

A survey of the variation to be expected in Charpy V-Notch tests obtained from plates was conducted by the Committee on Product Standards at the request of the Committee on General Metallurgy. The results of the survey are presented in this report. The survey data consisted of longitudinal and transverse impact test values obtained from seven specified locations on plates produced to ASTM A-572 as-rolled, A-516 normalized and A-537 quenched and tempered. Three testing temperatures were used for each grade. The data were collected from industry production during 1973 and 1974. Sufficient data were received to estimate limits of variation for impact tests taken at specified locations in plates.--Summar

Prosedur Administrasi Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) Kota Padang pada Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Sumatera Barat

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Green Hidrotermal Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Untuk Degradasi Zat Warna Metilen Biru

Nanopartikel perak (NpAg) telah disintesis menggunakan ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera yang berperan sebagai zat pereduksi dan dietanol amin (DEA) sebagai capping agent dalam sintesis nanopartikel perak. Metode green synthesis pada penelitian ini merupakan sintesis nanopartikel perak yang mudah, murah dan ramah lingkungan karena menggunakan ekstrak tanaman. Nanopartikel perak disintesis dengan dua perlakuan yaitu dengan metode hidrotermal (NpAg-H) dan presipitasi (NpAg-P). Berdasarkan hasil analisis UV-Vis menunjukkan adanya serapan panjang gelombang maksimum yang merupakan karakteristik pembentukan nanopartikel perak pada panjang gelombang 400-422 nm. Pola X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dari nanopartikel perak menunjukkan kristalinitas yang tinggi dengan fasa kristal Face Center Cubic (FCC) dan ukuran kristal NpAg berkisar 25 nm. Karakterisasi Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) menunjukkan ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil, NPAg-H mempunyai ukuran rata-rata 14 nm dan NpAg-P 17 nm. Hasil TEM juga memperlihatkan morfologi dari nanopartikel berbentuk bulat. Karakterisasi Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) menunjukkan komposisi dan gugus fungsi dari nanopartikel perak. Aktivitas katalitik nanopartikel perak diujikan terhadap degradasi metilen biru. Nanopartikel perak hasil green synthesis menunjukkan degradasi yang efektif dengan persen degradasi oleh NpAg-H yaitu 93,77% dan NpAg-P yaitu 71,05%. Kata kunci: Degradasi, green synthesis, metilen biru, nanopartikel pera

KEMANDIRIAN ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI LEMBAGA PAUD PADA BUDAYA SUKU DAYAK KANAYANT (STUDI ETNOGRAFI PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI PAUD NEGERI 02 NANGA KELAMPAI KECAMATAN TUMBANG TITI KABUPATEN KETAPANG PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT TAHUN 2019)

ASBTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran informasi data empiris mengenai Kemandirian Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Lembaga Paud Pada Budaya Suku Dayak Kanayant di desa Nanga Kelampai Kecamatan Tumbang Titi Kabupaten Ketapang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Adapun hal yang diamati (1) bentuk-bentuk budaya Suku Dayak Kanayant dalam kemandirian anak usai 5-6 tahun di Desa Nanga Kelampai (2) proses terbentuknya kemandirian anak Suku Dayak Kanayant (3) peran orang tua dalam pembentukan kemandirian anak di Suku Dayak Kanayant (4) peran lembaga PAUD Negeri 02 Nanga dalam pembentukan kemandirian anak di Suku Dayak Kanayant (5) peran masyarakat dan lingkungan dalam pembentukan kemandirian anak di Suku Dayak Kanayant. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian etnografi. Analisis data yaitu Spradley. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Temuan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kemandirian anak yaitu bentuk perilaku yang selalu dilakukan berulangulang karena adanya pembiasaan dari orang tua. Proses terbentuknya kemandirian pada anak melalui pembiasaan dan kebebasan yang diberikan kepada anak oleh orang tua. adanya keterkaitan antara orang tua dan pihak lembaga dalam membentuk kemandirian anak serta peran lingkungan masyarakat yang mewadahi anak dalam membentuk kemandirian seperti kegiatan adat di suku dayak kanyant. ************* ASBTRAK This study aims to obtain an overview of empirical data information on the Independence of Children 5-6 Years Old in the Early Childhood Institution of Dayak Kanayant Culture in the village of Nanga Kelampai, Tumbang Titi District, Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan Province. As for things that were observed (1) the forms of culture of the Dayak Kanayant Tribe in the independence of children after 5-6 years in the Village of Nanga Kelampai (2) the process of forming the independence of the Dayak Kanayant tribe (3) the role of parents in the formation of the independence of the Dayak Kanayant (4) the role of the PAUD Negeri 02 Nanga institution in the formation of children's independence in the Dayak Kanayant Tribe (5) the role of the community and environment in the formation of children's independence in the Dayak Kanayant Tribe. This research is a qualitative research with ethnographic research type. Data analysis is Spradley. The data of this study were obtained from observations, interviews and documentation. The findings of the research show that the form of children's independence is a form of behavior that is always done repeatedly because of the habituation of parents. The process of forming independence in children through habituation and freedom given to children by parents. there is a relationship between parents and the institution in shaping children's independence and the role of the community environment that facilitates children in shaping independence such as traditional activities in the Dayak Kanyant tribe