Changes of organic phosphorus in river waters in northern Bangladesh

The variability in phosphorus concentrations and the decomposition rates of organic phosphorus were measured in five selected rivers through four surveys in July and November of 2012, and February and May of 2013. After collection the water samples were incubated for 20 days in a dark incubator and the change of forms of phosphorus such as particulate organic phosphorus (POP), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) were analyzed. By fitting the changes to two types of models, the decomposition rates of organic phosphorus were determined. The mean total organic phosphorus (TOP) decomposition rate coefficients in the studied rivers was 0.039 day-1. The average POP decomposition rate coefficient (POP?DOP?DIP model) was 0.038 day-1 while the mean DOP decomposition rate coefficient was 0.251 day-1. The decomposition rate coefficients measured in this study might be applicable for modeling of river water quality.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (2): 31-36, December, 201

Clinical Spectrum and Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Experience in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It may be the presenting feature in type 1 DM, but more commonly it complicates previously diagnosed diabetic patients, both type 1 and type 2. If not recognized early and treated in a judicious way the outcome is often fatal

CoEnzyme Q10: A new horizon in the treatment of periodontal diseases

Periodontitis is an inflammatory process, initiated by the plaque biofilm that leads to loss of periodontal attachment to the root surface and adjacent alveolar bone and gradually results in tooth loss. Periodontal pathogens can induce reactive oxygen species overproduction and thus may cause collagen and periodontal cell breakdown. Reactive oxygen species and free radicals are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory disorders by increasing oxidative stress at the tissue and cellular level. Oxidative stress arises within tissues when the normal balance between reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant defense is altered and excess of reactive oxygen species and/or a depletion of antioxidants occur. When reactive oxygen species are scavenged by antioxidants, there can be a reduction of collagen degradation. Various forms of antioxidants have been introduced as an approach to fight dental diseases and improve general gingival health. Coenzyme Q10 serves as an intercellular antioxidant and its concentration is increased in the diseased gingiva which effectively suppresses advanced periodontal inflammation. This article focuses on the effect of Coenzyme Q10 on treating periodontal disease.</jats:p

Study on the Effect of Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) on the Post-operative Respiratory Performance Regarding Early Extubation after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery

The outcome of anaesthesia in coronary artery surgery depends partly on the duration of invasive manipulations including endotracheal intubation. It is ideal to avoid prolonged mechanical ventilation and attempt early extubation. Depressant effect of some anaesthetic agents and narcotics makes it a common practice to ventilate the patients of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery overnight resulting in unsatisfactory respiratory and haemodynamic performance. This study was aimed at overcoming the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation after CABG surgery by using Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) and by extubating the patient early to achieve a better postoperative respiratory cardiovascular performance. The study was conducted prospectively on 40 patients between 40 to 60 years, divided into two groups of 20 patients each. Gr.-A received infusions of Propofol 2-6 mg/kg/hr, Fentanyl 0.5-1.25 mg/kg/hr and Pancuronium bromide 0.01mg/kg. Postoperatively Propofol was continued in infusion for one hour while Inj. Diclofenac sodium was used as an analgesic. Patients in group B received a typical conventional anaesthesia and were ventilated electively till next morning. The study showed that in CABG surgery, TIVA produces non-significant depression of post-operative respiratory performance which helps in early extubation compared to those receiving conventional anaesthesia and electively ventilated overnight. Key words: TIVA; CABG; Early extubation DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v29i1.7164J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29:3-9</jats:p

Performance of Weeder in Mechanically Transplanted Rice Cultivation

Field performance of low land weeder was evaluated in mechanically transplanted rice fieldat Bahirbagh and Provakordi representing the silty loam soil under Gopalganj district of Bangladesh during the non-irrigated wet season (Aman) 2016. Twenty-one-day-old seedlings were transplanted by walk behind type 4-rows mechanical rice transplanter (DP480) at a pre-set spacing of 300 × 170 mm. Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replications was applied with weeding practices of BRRI weeder (BW) followed by (fb) one hand weeding (HW), BRRI power weeder (BPW) fb one HW, two HW, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (PSE) fb one HW, weedy check, weed free and mulching fb two HW (farmers’ practice) in two locations. The common weed species were observed in experimental sites. Weeding efficiency (WE) of BPW and BW was 67 and 44, respectively. Field capacity of BPW and BW was obtained 0.07 and 0.03 ha hr-1, respectively. Operator’s skill influenced the performance of weeder. During operation, BPW damaged 14-15% tillers in both the locations. However, damaged plants were revived after few days. The labour requirement in BW fb one HW, BPW fb one HW, PSE fb one HW and two HW were 380, 362, 243 and 616 man-hr ha-1 respectively. Except weedy check, weed management practices showed identical grain yield in both the locations. The BCR was accounted in PSE fb one HW (1.35), BW fb one HW (1.21), BPW fb one HW (1.20) whereas the lowest BCR was observed in weedy (0.83) and two HW (1.00). It can be concluded that pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, BRRI power weeder followed by one hand weeding and BRRI weeder followed by one hand weeding appeared as the cost effective weed control methods in mechanically transplanted Aman rice production.&#x0D; Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(1): 25-34</jats:p

Custom Hire Service Business of Rice Combine Harvester in Haor Basin of Bangladesh

Mechanization is a vital issue to modernize agriculture. The entrepreneurship development is imperative to provide service to the farmers at an affordable price, especially in haor areas. The study was conceived to estimate the combine harvester's rental charge and payback period. Data were collected from 86 rice fields harvested by a whole-feed combine harvester (Model: Zoomlion) in Mithamain upazila under the Kishoreganj district representing haor area of Bangladesh. Land size, operational time, loss time, repair time, idle time, daily area coverage and constraints of harvester machine were also recorded to predict the business viability of combine harvester. The rental charge and payback period was calculated following standard protocol to make business venture profitable. The perception of farmers regarding the prospect of using combine harvester in harvesting has been recorded through personal interviews. The field capacity of combine harvester was observed as 0.20 ha hr-1. Field efficiency of combine harvester depended on the land size. The daily area coverage can be increased after careful selection of the plots. Fuel consumption was found 4.18 l ha-1. Operational consolidation is the best approach to reduce the time of movement resulting in increased daily area coverage. Seasonal use of combine harvester in one locality of the study area was observed for 22 days. The rental charge of the machine was estimated as 10,000 Tk ha-1 and payback period was 3.5 years for the area coverage of 40 ha rice fields. Farmers would be able to save 40% harvesting cost for the rental charge of Tk 10,000 ha-1. Combine harvester rental service has emerged as a viable business model in the haor basin. Whole-feed (Zoomlion model) combine harvester appeared as an effective, economical, and labour-saving harvesting machine in the haor region land tenure system.&#x0D; Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 65-75</jats:p

Postmortem Study of Head Injury in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents

This study was conducted at the Dhaka Medical College (DMC) morgue among 100 postmortem cases of Road Traffic Accident (RTA) victims over a period of one year. The objective of this study was to find out incidences of head injury among the RTA victims along with other injuries and also to overview the present situation of RTA in the country. Out of 100 cases, 64% were male and 36% female. The highest incidence of RTA (28%) was observed among the age group 31 to 40 years. The highest number of victims were pedestrians (68%). Considering recorded causality by type of collision, hit pedestrian was the most common (39%), followed by head on collision (20%). Regarding injury pattern in different parts of body, all the victims had multiple abrasion and bruise, 90% had laceration, 78% had injury to brain and 77% victims had injury to abdominal organs like liver and spleen. In the skull, Linear/fissured fracture was the commonest type of fracture (36%), followed by comminuted fracture (18%). Temporal bone was observed most prone to be fractured (23%), followed by parietal bone (17%). Most of the victims had subdural haemorrhage (43%), followed by sub arachnoid haemorrhage (36%). Key words: Road traffic accident, head injury, postmortem. DOI: 10.3329/jafmc.v5i2.4579 JAFMC Bangladesh Vol.5(2) (December) 2009, pp.24-28</jats:p

&lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Plant Regeneration from Cultured Cotyledons of Cotton (&lt;i&gt;Gossypium herbaceum&lt;i&gt; L.)

The effect of cytokinins on callus proliferation from cotyledons and plantlet development was studied in cotton. The frequency of callus induction was observed on MS medium enriched with a variety of cytokinins in different concentrations. With the increase of cytokinin concentration, the percentage of callus formation, percentage of shoot developing calli and number of shoots/calli were increased. Among the three different cytokinins studied, BA showed the highest performance. The highest percentage of callus (6.55%) and shoot developing calli (5.87%) was obtained on MS with 1.0 mg/l BA. Highest number of shoots (3.02) per calli was observed on MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg/l Kn. The rooting media composed of MS medium, 0.6% agar, sucrose and fortified with 2.0 mg/l NAA induced root development at the highest percentage (41.23%) with maximum number of roots (3.61) per cutting and length of root (3.62 cm) per culture. The plantlets were acclimatized in natural conditions. Key words: In vitro; Callus; Cotyledons; Cytokinin; Plantlet; Acclimatization DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9043 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 359-364</jats:p