Inflammation-induced loss of CFTR-expressing airway ionocytes in non-eosinophilic asthma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease with subtype classification according to dominant airway infiltrates, including eosinophilic (Type 2 high), or non-eosinophilic asthma. Non-eosinophilic asthma is further divided into paucigranulocytic or neutrophilic asthma characterized by elevated neutrophils, and mixed Type 1 and Type 17 cytokines in the airways. Severe non-eosinophilic asthma has few effective treatments and many patients do not qualify for biologic therapies. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is dysregulated in multiple respiratory diseases including cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has proven a valuable therapeutic target. We hypothesized that the CFTR may also play a role in non-eosinophilic asthma. METHODS: Patient-derived human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs) were isolated and differentiated at the air-liquid interface. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) was used to identify epithelial cell subtypes and transcriptional activity. Ion transport was investigated with Ussing chambers and immunofluorescent quantification of ionocyte abundance in human airway epithelial cells and murine models of asthma. RESULTS: We identified that hBECs from patients with non-eosinophilic asthma had reduced CFTR function, and did not differentiate into CFTR-expressing ionocytes compared to those from eosinophilic asthma or healthy donors. Similarly, ionocytes were also diminished in the airways of a murine model of neutrophilic-dominant but not eosinophilic asthma. Treatment of hBECs from healthy donors with a neutrophilic asthma-like inflammatory cytokine mixture led to a reduction in ionocytes. CONCLUSION: Inflammation-induced loss of CFTR-expressing ionocytes in airway cells from non-eosinophilic asthma may represent a key feature of disease pathogenesis and a novel drug target

Preparo e administração venosa de medicamentos e soros sob a ótica da Resolução COFEN n° 311/07 Preparación y administración venosa de medicamentos y sueros bajo la óptica de la Resolución COFEN n° 311/07 Preparation and administration of intravenous drugs and serums from the perspective of Resolution No. 311/07 COFEN

OBJETIVOS: Levantar na literatura os procedimentos cabíveis ao enfermeiro quanto ao preparo e administração venosa de medicamentos e soros e relacioná-los com os aspectos éticos estabelecidos pela Resolução COFEN n° 311/07. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa do tipo revisão bibliográfica realizada nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e Bdenf. Uma análise temática foi realizada em 13 artigos e emergiram as categorias: Procedimentos realizados pelo enfermeiro no preparo e na administração venosa; Responsabilidades éticas do enfermeiro: atuação do Poder Judiciário frente às decisões administrativas de natureza disciplinar proferidas pelo Conselho Federal de Enfermagem e Conselhos Regionais da Enfermagem. RESULTADOS: O enfermeiro deve realizar o preparo e administração venosa observando os requisitos básicos que garantam a ausência de danos ao cliente, e em conformidade com o Código de Ética dos profissionais de Enfermagem. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento da ética é essencial para a profissão da enfermagem, porque subsidia o embasamento teórico e propicia um fazer com resultados efetivos de forma a proteger o ser humano.<br>OBJETIVOS: Levantar en la literatura los procedimientos que le caben al enfermero en lo que se refiere a la preparación y administración venosa de medicamentos y sueros; y, relacionarlos con los aspectos éticos establecidos por la Resolución COFEN n° 311/07. MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación del tipo revisión bibliográfica, realizada en las bases de datos Medline, Lilacs, SciELO y Bdenf. Se realizó un análisis temático en 13 artículos de los que surgieron las categorías: 1) procedimientos realizados por el enfermero en la preparación y en la administración venosa; 2) responsabilidades éticas del enfermero (actuación del Poder Judicial frente a las decisiones administrativas de naturaleza disciplinar proferidas por el Consejo Federal de Enfermería y Consejos Regionales de la Enfermería). RESULTADOS: El enfermero debe realizar la preparación y administración venosa observando los requisitos básicos que garantizan la ausencia de daños al cliente, y de conformidad con el Código de Ética de los profesionales de Enfermería. CONCLUSIÓN: El conocimiento de la ética es esencial para la profesión de enfermería, porque subsidia el embasamiento teórico y es propicio a un quehacer con resultados efectivos de forma de proteger al ser humano.<br>OBJECTIVES: To survey in the literature the procedures performed by nurses related to the preparation and administration of intravenous medications and serums; and, to relate the procedures to ethical standards established by Resolution No. 311/07 COFEN. METHODS: The type of research was literature review, conducted in the databases Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and BDENF. A thematic analysis was performed on 13 items and two categories emerged: 1) procedures performed by nurses in preparing and administering intravenous medications; and 2) ethical responsibilities of nurses (the role of the judiciary in the face of administrative decisions of disciplinary nature made by the Federal Nursing Council and Regional Nursing Councils). RESULTS: The nurse must carry out the preparation and administration of intravenous medications in accordance with the basic requirements of ensuring no damage to the client, and also following the Code of Ethics of Professional Nursing. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of ethics is essential for the nursing profession because it subsidizes the theoretical foundations and provides the performing of tasks with effective results that have the intention of protecting the human being