RF Transport Electromagnetic Properties of CVD Graphene from DC to 110 MHz

We report measurement of the radio-frequency (RF) transport electromagnetic properties of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) graphene over the DC to 110 MHz frequency range at room temperature. Graphene on Si/SiO2 substrate was mounted in a shielded four terminal-pair (4TP) adaptor which enabled direct connection to a calibrated precision impedance analyser for measurements. Good agreement is observed for the DC four-probe resistance and the 4TP resistance at 40 Hz, both yielding R ~ 104 {\Omega}. In general the apparent graphene channel electromagnetic properties are found to be strongly influenced by the substrate parasitic capacitance and resistance, particularly for high-frequencies f > 1 MHz. A phenomenological lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model is presented which matches the frequency response of the graphene 4TP impedance device over approximately seven decades of the frequency range of the applied transport alternating current. Based on this model, it is shown for the first time, that the intrinsic graphene channel resistance of the 4TP device is frequency-independent (i.e. dissipationless) with RG ~ 105 {\Omega} or sheet resistance of approximately 182 {\Omega} / sq. The parasitic substrate impedance of the device is found shunt RG with RP ~ 2.2 {\Omega} in series with CP ~ 600 pF. These results suggest that our new RF 4TP method is in good agreement with the conventional DC four-probe method for measuring the intrinsic sheet resistance of single-atom thick materials and could potentially open up new applications in RF electronics, AC quantum Hall effect metrology and sensors based on graphene 4TP devices operating over broad range of frequencies.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Incorporating Software Measurement Into a Compiler

In the area of software engineering, software measurement is not new, it was around 26 years since Halstead originally proposed a family of software measures, collectively known as software science. The magnitude of costs involved in software development and maintenance magnifies the need of a scientific foundation to support programming standards and management decisions by measurement. This research aims at developing a compiler for a subset of Pascal language in which an evaluation for a number of software metrics has been incorporated. Lex and Yacc have been used to generate the lexical analyser and syntax analyser for the proposed compiler. While the other components of the compiler and the metrics evaluation routines have been written in C language. The proposed compiler was implemented under Linux operating system. Three metrics have been incorporated to the proposed compiler, which are : Halstead's metrics, McCabe's metric, and Call-Graph metric. The software metrics will be produced in the common metrics format, which is used in SCOPE project. Attribute grammars have been used to build the proposed compiler to evaluate the software metrics in the parsing time of the compilation process and to use a well-defined approach to the software metrics evaluation process

Degradation of Authority and Institution of The Honorary Council Election

This article discusses the position of the DKPP after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 32/PUU-XIX/2021 and the power of its decision. As is known, after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 32/PUU-XIX/2021, the DKPP Decision, which was originally final and binding, became unconstitutional if it was not interpreted as only binding on the President, KPU, Provincial KPU, Regency/City KPU and Bawaslu.The research method used is a legalresearch method using statutory approach, historical approach, and conceptual approach to be able to find new formulation of DKPP structuring design after Constitutional Court DecisionNumber 32/PUU-XIX/2021.The results of this study found that the weakening of the authority of the DKPP through the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 32 / PUU-XIX / 2021, should also be followed by the weakening of the DKPP institution, because after the final and binding characteris weakened by the Constitutional Court, the DKPP no longer has the urgency to be used as a permanent institution. The Constitutional Court should affirm the institutional status of the DKPP as part of the institution exercising judicial power, so that the DKPP has a more definite status and its decisions remain final and bindin

From carbohydrates to drug-like fragments: Rational development of novel [alfa]-amylase inhibitors

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