PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF LEARNING TIPE TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PERMAINAN SEPAK BOLA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PERILAKU SOSIAL SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 15 BANDUNG

Model pembelajaran pada hakikatnya menjadi factor penting dalam keberhasilan pelaksanaan pembelajaran di sekolah. Ketercapaian dalam proses belajar mengajar pun seharusnya di tandai dengan adanya perkembangan perilaku social siswa, perubahan tingkah laku pada diri siswa, baik yang menyangkut perubahan bersifat pengetahuan, keterampilan, maupun nilai dan sikap. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 15 Bandung, populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kela VIII SMP Negeri 15 Bandung yang mengikuti pembelajaran penjas adapun sampel yang dijadikan penelitian ini yakni 60 siswa dari kelas VIII. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif learning tipe team games tournament (TGT) dalam pembelajaran permainan sepakbola terhadap perkembangan perilaku sosial siswa. Desain penelitiannya pretest-posttest control group design. Adapun hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah “Tedapat Pengaruh Signifikan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Learning tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT) Terhadap Perkembangan Perilaku Sosial Siswa”. Kata kunci: Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT), Sepak bola, dan Perilaku Sosial. The learning model is essentially becoming an important factor in the successful implementation of learning in schools. Achievement in the learning process was supposed to be marked by the development of student social behaviors, behavioral changes in the students, both involving changes are knowledge, skills, and values ​​and attitudes. This research was conducted in SMP Negeri 15 Bandung, the population in this study is all students Kela VIII SMP Negeri 15 Bandung which follows the physical education teaching as for the sample of this research used the 60 students of class VIII. This study aims to look at the influence of learning cooperative learning model type of team games tournament (TGT) in learning the game of football on the development of students' social behavior. Research design pretest-posttest control group design. The findings in this study are "Tedapat Significant Influence of Cooperative Learning Model Learning Type Team Games Tournament (TGT) Against Development of Social Behavior Students". Keywords: Cooperative Learning Model Team Games Tournament (TGT), Football and Social Behavior

Il "De anima" di Avicenna tra eredità aristotelica e mediazione tardo-antica. La sintesi avicenniana delle nozioni di sostanza e perfezione

La tesi è suddivisa in due parti. La prima, «dottrinale», si articola in sei capitoli. Il primo, "La definizione aristotelica dell’anima", ripercorre il contenuto dei primi tre capitoli del secondo libro del "De anima" di Aristotele, discutendo alcune imprescindibili voci bibliografiche a proposito di quegli aspetti della psicologia aristotelica connessi con le finalità del presente studio, ossia la definizione dell’anima, il suo statuto ontologico, il paradigma ilemorfico con cui viene spiegata l’unità delle sostanze sensibili, e le relazioni che sussistono tra le diverse anime. Il secondo capitolo, "Il De anima di Avicenna. Tavola dei Contenuti", propone invece, in forma sintetica, la struttura delle argomentazioni in cui si articola il primo trattato del "De anima" di Avicenna, offrendo inoltre un bilancio complessivo della letteratura critica esistente. Il terzo capitolo, "Avicenna e Aristotele a confronto", costituisce il primo fuoco di questa indagine. In esso, infatti, il modo in cui Avicenna affronta e risolve talune questioni di natura psicologica, in particolare la definizione dell’anima, la determinazione della sua natura e il suo rapporto con il corpo, viene messo in relazione con il «prototipo» aristotelico di cui mantiene lo scheletro generale, nonostante proponga una strutturazione abbastanza originale della materia. I capitoli quarto, "Temistio. Parafraste del De anima di Aristotele", e quinto, "Giovanni Filopono commentatore del De anima di Aristotele", introducono il tema della mediazione tardo-antica nella ricezione araba del trattato aristotelico. Nello specifico, vengono analizzate due modalità esegetiche diverse che, a diverso titolo, hanno influito nella ricostruzione avicenniana della dottrina aristotelica dell’anima. La prima è quella di Temistio, parafraste costantinopolitano di formazione aristotelica, mentre la seconda di Giovanni Filopono, commentatore neoplatonico ed esponente di spicco della scuola filosofica di Alessandria. Il sesto ed ultimo capitolo, "Temistio e Filopono, Mediatori della Ricezione Avicenniana di Aristotele", costituisce l’altro fuoco del presente lavoro. Il capitolo è suddiviso in due parti: nella prima vengono evidenziati i punti di contatto, di natura sia dottrinale sia testuale, tra le esegesi proposte da Temistio e Filopono, e le scelte interpretative operate da Avicenna. La seconda parte, invece, illustra le direzioni in cui è possibile sviluppare e ampliare questa ricerca. La seconda parte di questo studio è costituita da tre appendici «testuali». L’appendice [A] contiene la prima traduzione in lingua italiana del primo trattato del "De anima" di Avicenna, corredata di note esplicative. Essa rappresenta la prima versione di questa traduzione ed è, perciò, passibile di un ulteriore lavoro di limatura. L’appendice [B] contiene, invece, la traduzione italiana della parafrasi temistiana ai primi tre capitoli del "De anima" di Aristotele. Infine, l’appendice [C] contiene la prima traduzione in lingua italiana del commento lemmatico di Giovanni Filopono ai primi tre capitoli del "De anima" aristotelico. Anche in questo caso si tratta della prima versione di questa traduzione e pertanto potrà, in qualche punto, essere suscettibile di eventuali miglioramenti

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran IPA Menggunakan Metode Demonstrasi Sekolah Dasar

Complaints about low student learning outcomes in study Natural Scienc Grade VI Elementary School many factors not maximal student learning outcomes. In this case the main factor is the teachers rarely use the media in the learning process and delivery of content dominant expositor / lecture when teaching in the classroom. The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes with the use of methods of demonstration. This study used a qualitative approach with the design of classroom action research. The subjects were teachers and students. Based on the results of this study concluded that the use of methods of demonstration can improve student learning outcames

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sarung Tangan Huruf Terhadap Kemampuan Mengenal Huruf Pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Di Paud As-shifa Citra Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru

This research purposed is to know the effect of the use of letter gloves on the ability to recognize letters of children aged 4-5 years in PAUD As-Shifa Citra Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru. The sample used in this study were 15 students. Method that use is experiment One Group Pretest –Posttest Design. The data collection techniques used are observation and documentation. Data analysis technique used t-test with SPSS 17.0. According to result of experimental hypothesi there is effect of media use of letter gloves on the ability to recognize letters in children aged 4 - 5 years in PAUD As-Shifa Citra Kota Pekanbaru. This can be known from the analysis of data obtained thitung = 10,954 and Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000. Because Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 <0,05 it can be concluded that there is a difference in the ability to recognize letters of significant after the use of media use of letter gloves on the ability to recognize letters in children aged 4 to 5 years in PAUD As-Shifa Citra Kota Pekanbaru. The effect of media use of letter gloves on the ability to recognize letters of children aged 4 to 5 years in PAUD As-Shifa Citra Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru regency of 56,60%

Fishers’ knowledge about fish trophic interactions in the southeastern Brazilian coast

Data derived from studies of fishers' local ecological knowledge (LEK) can be invaluable to the proposal of new studies and more appropriate management strategies. This study analyzed the fisher's LEK about trophic relationships of fishes in the southeastern Brazilian coast, comparing fishers' LEK with scientific knowledge to provide new hypotheses. The initial contacts with fishers were made through informal visits in their residences, to explain the research goals, meet fishers and their families, check the number of resident fishers and ask for fishers' consent to participate in the research. After this initial contact, fishers were selected to be included in the interviews through the technique of snowball sampling. The fishers indicated by others who attended the criteria to be included in the research were interviewed by using a semi-structured standard questionnaire. There were interviewed 26 artisanal fishers from three communities of the Ilhabela: Jabaquara, Fome and Serraria. The interviewed fishers showed a detailed knowledge about the trophic interactions of the studied coastal fishes, as fishers mentioned 17 food items for these fishes and six fish and three mammals as fish predators. The most mentioned food items were small fish, shrimps and crabs, while the most mentioned predators were large reef fishes. Fishers also mentioned some predators, such as sea otters, that have not been reported by the biological literature and are poorly known. The LEK of the studied fishers showed a high degree of concordance with the scientific literature regarding fish diet. This study evidenced the value of fishers' LEK to improve fisheries research and management, as well as the needy to increase the collaboration among managers, biologists and fishers

Exercising impartiality to favor Aristotle: Avicenna and "The accomplished anatomists" (aṣḥāb al-tašrīḥ al-muḥaṣṣilūna)

This article analyses Avicenna's Hayawan III, 1, which deals with the well-known disagreement between physicians and philosophers on the origination of blood vessels (arteries and veins) and nerves. However, the proposed analysis is not limited to this chapter and its main topic. The more general purpose of this article is to reconstruct the psycho-medical context in which Avicenna's exposition lies, that is, the soul's oneness and the consequent conditions for body ensoulment (i. e. the soul's need for a primary, unitary attachment to the body through the heart and the cardiac pneuma). The article then outlines the strategy through which Avicenna presents medical positions (heart, brain, and liver are all on an equal footing) that challenge his (and Aristotle's) anatomical model, which is coherent with his theory of the soul. In this connection, firstly, the article shows how Avicenna takes physicians' arguments apart in a philosophical context (he usually points at their logical shortcomings). Then, it clarifies the contribution of anatomy to determine the conditions of body ensoulment and, ultimately, how to reconcile medical practice with philosophical truths, if need be

FUKUGOUDOUSHI ~KOMU DALAM MAJALAH NIKKEI BUSINESS TAHUN 2009

Kata Kunci: Fukugoudoushi, Majalah Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi verbal dan digunakan sebagai alat untuk saling berkomunikasi antarindividu atau kelompok. Dalam linguistik bahasa Jepang terdapat verba majemuk atau fukugoudoushi, salah satunya adalahfukugoudoushi ~komu. Penelitian ini menjawab dua rumusan masalah yaitu (1)Jenis verba apakah yang dapat bergabung dengan verba ~komu sehinggamembentuk fukugoudoushi ~komu? (2) Bagaimana makna verba yangdimunculkan dari fukugoudoushi setelah dikonjugasikan dengan verba ~komu?Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yangdigunakan adalah kalimat yang mengandung fukugoudoushi ~komu yang terdapat dalam majalah Nikkei Business tahun 2009. Analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan klasifikasi berdasarkan makna yang dimunculkan, tabulasi dan analisis data.Dari hasil analisis pada penelitian ini ditemukan 50 fukugoudoushi ~komu dengan rincian 49 kata berupa verba +komu dan 1 kata berupa nomina +komu. Fukugoudoushi ~komu dengan susunan morfem kosong +komu tidak ditemukan. Kemudian pada makna perpindahan ke dalam, 32 kata bermakna masuk ke dalam ruang tertutup, 4 kata bermakna masuk ke dalam benda padat, 3 kata bermakna masuk ke dalam benda cair, 3 kata bermakna masuk ke dalam benda bercelah, 3 kata bermakna mengelilingi suatu benda, 2 kata bermakna menyusut sendiri, 2 kata bermakna lainnya yang tidak termasuk dalam 6 makna yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya. Lalu pada makna tingkat perkembangan, 1 kata bermakna tingkatan tetap, 1 kata bermakna tingkatan penyangatan, dan 4 kata bermakna perbuatan yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang.Penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan dengan meneliti makna gramatikalmaupun pola hubungan makna komponen pembentuk menggunakanfukugoudoushi lain seperti fukugoudoushi ~dasu, ~agaru, ~au, ~iru dan lainsebagainya dengan sumber data berupa wacana bahasa Jepang seperti majalah, koran, novel, maupun dorama

The Soul of, the Soul in Itself, and the Flying Man Experiment

In Avicenna’s Nafs there are two investigations that run in parallel from its very beginning: (a) the investigation of the soul as a relational entity, always considered in connection with the body, and (b) that of the human soul in itself. Both investigations aim at ascertaining the existence and the essence of the soul, in relation to the body, of which it is the soul, and in itself respectively. The aim of this contribution is to reconstruct the phases of these investigations, in order to single out the way in which they are mutually related to each other, and to detect what acts as an indicator of the transition from the first, more general investigation to the second, more specific one. In my reconstruction, this role is assigned to the Flying Man experiment. In order to corroborate this interpretation, passages from three other Avicennian works (Ḥikma mašriqiyya or al Mašriqiyyūn, Kitāb al-Išārāt wa-l-Tanbīhāt, and Risāla Aḍḥawiyya fī l-ma‘ād) are taken into account, since they contain the three other attested formulations of the Flying Man experiment, and an argumentative move similar to the one detectable in the Nafs