Aspiration of parenteral nutrition – a previously unreported complication of central venous access in an infant: a case report

Introduction: The insertion of percutaneous central venous catheters is a common procedure in neonatal intensive care nurseries. Placement of the catheter tip in a large central vein is most desirable. Occasionally, due to difficult venous access, catheter tips are left in places that are less than ideal. Case presentation: A female infant with a complicated gastroschisis developed signs of short bowel syndrome post surgery. She was treated with a combination of parenteral nutrition and enteral feeds. A central venous line was inserted through a scalp vein. The tip was noted to be in a vessel at the level of the mandible. She subsequently became unwell with large milky pharyngeal aspirates and episodes of bradycardia. Chest radiography revealed aspiration. The central venous line was removed because of presumed extravasation. This is the first reported case of parenteral nutrition extravasation into the pharynx causing aspiration in an infant. Conclusion: This complication may have been prevented by recognising that the tip of the catheter was not correctly placed. When catheters are in unusual positions it may be useful to obtain a second radiograph from a different angle or an ultrasound scan to confirm the positioning of the catheter tip

Aspiration of parenteral nutrition – a previously unreported complication of central venous access in an infant: a case report

Introduction: The insertion of percutaneous central venous catheters is a common procedure in neonatal intensive care nurseries. Placement of the catheter tip in a large central vein is most desirable. Occasionally, due to difficult venous access, catheter tips are left in places that are less than ideal. Case presentation: A female infant with a complicated gastroschisis developed signs of short bowel syndrome post surgery. She was treated with a combination of parenteral nutrition and enteral feeds. A central venous line was inserted through a scalp vein. The tip was noted to be in a vessel at the level of the mandible. She subsequently became unwell with large milky pharyngeal aspirates and episodes of bradycardia. Chest radiography revealed aspiration. The central venous line was removed because of presumed extravasation. This is the first reported case of parenteral nutrition extravasation into the pharynx causing aspiration in an infant. Conclusion: This complication may have been prevented by recognising that the tip of the catheter was not correctly placed. When catheters are in unusual positions it may be useful to obtain a second radiograph from a different angle or an ultrasound scan to confirm the positioning of the catheter tip

Cateter central de inserção periférica: descrição da utilização em UTI Neonatal e Pediátrica Catéter central de inserción periférica: descripción da utilización en UTI Neonatal y Pediátrica Peripherally inserted central catheter: description of its utilization in Neonatal and Pediatric ICU

Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, documental que objetivou descrever a utilização do cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e Pediátrica quanto à inserção, manutenção e remoção, e identificar o perfil das crianças que receberam PICC, por meio de análise descritiva e estatística de 176 instrumentos preenchidos por enfermeiros, em um período de dois anos. A população assistida foi de 125 pacientes, principalmente prematuros (43,2%) e do sexo masculino (60%). Para inserção do dispositivo as veias basílica e cefálica (43,2%) e o cateter 1.9 Fr (85,8%) foram utilizados. Houve índice de sucesso nas punções (98,9%), porém a remoção antecipada ocorreu em virtude de obstrução (25%), infiltração (18%), suspeita de contaminação (16,6%), tração (13,9%), ruptura (11,2%), retirada acidental (8,3%), flebite (4,2%), cianose (1,4%) e migração (1,4%), com média de permanência de 14,5 dias. Para a manutenção do cateter é requerida a capacitação e a educação permanente dos profissionais, estratégias que qualificam a assistência.<br>Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, documental, cuyo objetivo fue describir la utilización del catéter central de inserción periférica (PICC) en una Unidad Pediátrica de Cuidados Intensivos en relación con la inserción, mantenimiento y remoción, e identificar el perfil de los niños que lo recibieron PICC, por medio de análisis descriptivo y estadístico de 176 instrumentos diligenciados por enfermeros, en un período de dos años. La población asistida fue de 125 pacientes, principalmente prematuros (43,2%), de sexo masculino (60%). Para inserción del dispositivo las venas basílica y cefálica (43,2%) y el catéter 1.9 Fr (85,8%) fueron principalmente utilizados. El éxito en las punciones fue (98,9%), aunque la remoción anticipada ocurrió en virtud de obstrucción (25%), infiltración (18%), sospecha de contaminación (16,6%), tracción (13,9%), ruptura (11,2%), retirada accidental (8,3%), flebitis (4,2%), cianosis (1,4%) y migración (1,4%), con media de permanencia de 14,5 días. Para el mantenimiento del catéter es requerida la capacitación y educación permanente de los profesionales, estrategias que cualifican la asistencia.<br>The purpose of this descriptive, retrospective, documental study is to describe the use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) in a neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit regarding their insertion, maintenance, and removal. This study also characterized the population which received the catheter through descriptive and statistical analysis of 176 instruments filled out by nurses, in a two year period. The population attended consisted of 125 patients, mainly premature (43.2%) and male (60%). The basilic and cephalic (43.2%) veins were primarily used for the insertion of a 1.9Fr (85.8%) catheter. The success rate was 98.9% in the punctures, but anticipated removal occurred due to obstruction (25%), infiltration (18%), suspected contamination (16,6%), traction (13,9%), rupture (11,2%), accidental removal (8,3%), phlebitis (4,2%), cyanosis (1,4%), and migration (1,4%), with an average period of permanence of 14.5 days. In order to maintain the catheter, professional education and preparation are required to qualify care

Variables decreasing tip movement of peripherally inserted central catheters in pediatric patients

BACKGROUND The position of the tip of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is crucial; malposition can lead to malfunction of the line or life-threatening events (e.g., arrhythmias, perforation). OBJECTIVE To determine what factors other than arm position and accessed vein might influence the tip position of a PICC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inclusion criteria were upper limb PICC placement, body weight 0.05). CONCLUSION Silicone PICCs and PICCs inserted into the cephalic vein move less than PICCs made of polyurethane and PICCs inserted into the brachial and basilic veins. These findings might assist operators in deciding which PICC to place in children in a given clinical context

Localização inicial da ponta de cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) em recém-nascidos Localización inicial de la punta del catéter central de inserción periférica (PICC) en recién nacidos Initial placement of the peripherally inserted central catheter's tip in neonates

Estudo transversal com coleta prospectiva de dados, que objetivouidentificar o posicionamento inicial da ponta do cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) e verificar a prevalência de sucesso de sua inserção em neonatos. Os dados foram coletados no berçário anexo à maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, entre março e setembro de 2006. Dos 37 neonatos submetidos à inserção do cateter PICC, a taxa de sucesso no procedimento foi de 72,3% (27 neonatos); destes, quatro (14,8%) estavam com as pontas dos cateteres alojadas nas veias axilar ou inominada; outros três (11,1%), alojadas em veia jugular. Estes cateteres foram removidos por desvio de trajeto. 13 (48,2%) estavam com as pontas alojadas em átrio direito, cujos cateteres foram tracionados para reposicionamento da ponta para a veia cava superior.<br>Estudio transversal con recolección prospectiva de datos. La finalidad fue identificar la posición inicial de la punta del catéter central de inserción periférica (PICC) y verificar la prevalencia de éxitos durante su introducción en neonatos. Los datos fueron recolectados en un servicio de neonatología anexo a la maternidad del Hospital de las Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de São Paulo, entre marzo y setiembre del 2006. De los 37 neonatos sometidos a introducción del catéter PICC, la tasa de éxito fue de 72.3% (27 neonatos), de ellos, cuatro (14.8%) estaban con las puntas de los catéteres alojadas en las venas axilar o no determinada, tres (11.1%) localizadas en la vena yugular. Siendo estos últimos retirados por desviación en su trayecto. El 48.2% (13) se encontraba con las puntas en el atrio derecho, siendo estos catéteres nuevamente posicionados en la vena cava superior.<br>This is a cross-sectional study aiming to identify the initial tip position of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) and to verify the prevalence of success in inserting such catheters in neonates. The study was carried out in the neonatal care unit of Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo. Data were collected prospectively from March to September 2006. 37 neonates underwent PICC insertion were included in the study. The rate of success for this procedure was 72.3% (27 neonates). Of them, four (14.8%) had the catheter tips placed in the axilary or inominate veins. Three others (11.1%) had them placed in a jugular vein. When these catheters were removed, 13 (48.2%) catheter tip were placed in the right atrium, and they were relocated to the superior vena cava