Thermodynamics of deformed AdS5_5 model with a positive/negative quadratic correction in graviton-dilaton system

By solving the Einstein equations of the graviton coupling with a real scalar dilaton field, we establish a general framework to self-consistently solve the geometric background with black-hole for any given phenomenological holographic models. In this framwork, we solve the black-hole background, the corresponding dilaon field and the dilaton potential for the deformed AdS$_5$ model with a positive/negative quadratic correction. We systematically investigate the thermodynamical properties of the deformed AdS$_5$ model with a positive and negative quadratic correction, respectively, and compare with lattice QCD on the results of the equation of state, the heavy quark potential, the Polyakov loop and the spatial Wilson loop. We find that the bulk thermodynamical properties are not sensitive to the sign of the quadratic correction, and the results of both deformed holographic QCD models agree well with lattice QCD result for pure SU(3) gauge theory. However, the results from loop operators favor a positive quadratic correction, which agree well with lattice QCD result. Especially, the result from the Polyakov loop excludes the model with a negative quadratic correction in the warp factor of ${\rm AdS}_5$.Comment: 26 figures,36 pages,V.3: an appendix,more equations and references added,figures corrected,published versio

Multi-fiber distributed thermal profiling of minimally invasive thermal ablation with scattering-level multiplexing in MgO-doped fibers

[EN] We propose a setup for multiplexed distributed optical fiber sensors capable of resolving temperature distribution in thermo-therapies, with a spatial resolution of 2.5 mm over multiple fibers interrogated simultaneously. The setup is based on optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) applied to optical fibers having backscattered power significantly larger than standard fibers (36.5 dB), obtained through MgO doping. The setup is based on a scattering-level multiplexing, which allows interrogating all the sensing fibers simultaneously, thanks to the fact that the backscattered power can be unambiguously associated to each fiber. The setup has been validated for the planar measurement of temperature profiles in ex vivo radiofrequency ablation, obtaining the measurement of temperature over a surface of 96 total points (4 fibers, 8 sensing points per cu). The spatial resolution obtained for the planar measurement allows extending distributed sensing to surface, or even three-dimensional, geometries performing temperature sensing in the tissue with millimeter resolution in multiple dimensions.The research has been supported by ORAU program at Nazarbayev University (grants LIFESTART 2017-2019 and FOSTHER2018-2020), by ANR project Nice-DREAM (grant ANR-14-CE07-0016-03), and by project DIMENSION TEC2017 88029-R funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This work was partly supported by the SIRASI project - Sistema Robotico a supporto della Riabilitazione di Arto Superiore e Inferiore (Bando INTESE - CUP: F86D15000050002).Beisenova, A.; Issatayeva, A.; Sovetov, S.; Korganbayev, S.; Jelbuldina, M.; Ashikbayeva, Z.; Blanc, W.... (2019). Multi-fiber distributed thermal profiling of minimally invasive thermal ablation with scattering-level multiplexing in MgO-doped fibers. Biomedical Optics Express. 10(3):1282-1296. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.10.001282S12821296103Goldberg, S. N., Gazelle, G. S., Compton, C. C., Mueller, P. R., & Tanabe, K. K. (2000). Treatment of intrahepatic malignancy with radiofrequency ablation. Cancer, 88(11), 2452-2463. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20000601)88:113.0.co;2-3Padma, S., Martinie, J. B., & Iannitti, D. A. (2009). Liver tumor ablation: Percutaneous and open approaches. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 100(8), 619-634. doi:10.1002/jso.21364Sapareto, S. A., & Dewey, W. C. (1984). Thermal dose determination in cancer therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 10(6), 787-800. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(84)90379-1Shaw, A., ter Haar, G., Haller, J., & Wilkens, V. (2015). Towards a dosimetric framework for therapeutic ultrasound. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 31(2), 182-192. doi:10.3109/02656736.2014.997311Lubner, M. G., Brace, C. L., Hinshaw, J. L., & Lee, F. T. (2010). Microwave Tumor Ablation: Mechanism of Action, Clinical Results, and Devices. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 21(8), S192-S203. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2010.04.007Kennedy, J. E. (2005). High-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of solid tumours. Nature Reviews Cancer, 5(4), 321-327. doi:10.1038/nrc1591Yang, X. (2017). Science to Practice: Enhancing Photothermal Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases with Targeted Hybrid Nanoparticles. Radiology, 285(3), 699-701. doi:10.1148/radiol.2017170993Tosi, D., Schena, E., Molardi, C., & Korganbayev, S. (2018). Fiber optic sensors for sub-centimeter spatially resolved measurements: Review and biomedical applications. Optical Fiber Technology, 43, 6-19. doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2018.03.007Manns, F., Milne, P. J., Gonzalez-Cirre, X., Denham, D. B., Parel, J.-M., & Robinson, D. S. (1998). In Situ temperature measurements with thermocouple probes during laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT): Quantification and correction of a measurement artifact. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 23(2), 94-103. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(1998)23:23.0.co;2-qSaccomandi, P., Schena, E., & Silvestri, S. (2013). Techniques for temperature monitoring during laser-induced thermotherapy: An overview. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 29(7), 609-619. doi:10.3109/02656736.2013.832411Froggatt, M. (1996). Distributed measurement of the complex modulation of a photoinduced Bragg grating in an optical fiber. Applied Optics, 35(25), 5162. doi:10.1364/ao.35.005162Macchi, E. G., Tosi, D., Braschi, G., Gallati, M., Cigada, A., Busca, G., & Lewis, E. (2014). Optical fiber sensors-based temperature distribution measurement inex vivoradiofrequency ablation with submillimeter resolution. 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TIRAP, an Adaptor Protein for TLR2/4, Transduces a Signal from RAGE Phosphorylated upon Ligand Binding

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of a broad range of inflammatory, degenerative and hyperproliferative diseases. It binds to diverse ligands and activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Despite these pivotal functions, molecular events just downstream of ligand-activated RAGE have been surprisingly unknown. Here we show that the cytoplasmic domain of RAGE is phosphorylated at Ser391 by PKCζ upon binding of ligands. TIRAP and MyD88, which are known to be adaptor proteins for Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 (TLR2/4), bound to the phosphorylated RAGE and transduced a signal to downstream molecules. Blocking of the function of TIRAP and MyD88 largely abrogated intracellular signaling from ligand-activated RAGE. Our findings indicate that functional interaction between RAGE and TLRs coordinately regulates inflammation, immune response and other cellular functions

Accuracy of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: comparison of MR and histological findings in an animal model

Background: Because Endomyocardial Biopsy has low sensitivity of about 20%, it can be performed near to myocardium that presented as Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). However the important issue of comparing topography of CMR and histological findings has not yet been investigated. Thus the current study was performed using an animal model of myocarditis. Results: In 10 male Lewis rats Experimental Autoimmune myocarditis was induced, 10 rats served as control. On day 21 animals were examined by CMR to compare topographic distribution of LGE to histological inflammation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for LGE in diagnosing myocarditis were determined for each segment of myocardium. Latter diagnostic values varied widely depending on topographic distribution of LGE and inflammation as well as on the used CMR sequence. Sensitivity of LGE was up to 76% (left lateral myocardium) and positive predictive values were up to 85% (left lateral myocardium), whereas sensitivity and positive predictive value dropped to 0 - 33% (left inferior myocardium). Conclusions: Topographic distribution of LGE and histological inflammation seem to influence sensitivity, specifity, positive and negative predictive values. Nevertheless, positive predictive value for LGE of up to 85% indicates that Endomyocardial Biopsy should be performed "MR-guided". LGE seems to have greater sensitivity than Endomyocardial Biopsy for the diagnosis of myocarditis

Tibiofibular syndesmosis in acute ankle fractures: additional value of an oblique MR image plane

Item does not contain fulltextOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the additional value of a 45� oblique MRI scan plane for assessing the anterior and posterior distal tibiofibular syndesmotic ligaments in patients with an acute ankle fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospectively, data were collected for 44 consecutive patients with an acute ankle fracture who underwent a radiograph (AP, lateral, and mortise view) as well as an MRI in both the standard three orthogonal planes and in an additional 45� oblique plane. The fractures on the radiographs were classified according to Lauge-Hansen (LH). The anterior (ATIFL) and posterior (PTIFL) distal tibiofibular ligaments, as well as the presence of a bony avulsion in both the axial and oblique planes was evaluated on MRI. MRI findings regarding syndesmotic injury in the axial and oblique planes were compared to syndesmotic injury predicted by LH. Kappa and the agreement score were calculated to determine the interobserver agreement. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar's test were used to compare the two scan planes. RESULTS: The interobserver agreement (?) and agreement score [AS (\%)] regarding injury of the ATIFL and PTIFL and the presence of a fibular or tibial avulsion fracture were good to excellent in both the axial and oblique image planes (? 0.61-0.92, AS 84-95\%). For both ligaments the oblique image plane indicated significantly less injury than the axial plane (p?<?0.001). There was no significant difference in detection of an avulsion fracture in the axial or oblique plane, neither anteriorly (p?=?0.50) nor posteriorly (p?=?1.00). With syndesmotic injury as predicted by LH as comparison, the specificity in the oblique MR plane increased for both anterior (to 86\% from 7\%) and posterior (to 86\% from 48\%) syndesmotic injury when compared to the axial plane. CONCLUSION: Our results show the additional value of an 45� oblique MR image plane for detection of injury of the anterior and posterior distal tibiofibular syndesmoses in acute ankle fractures. Findings of syndesmotic injury in the oblique MRI plane were closer to the diagnosis as assumed by the Lauge-Hansen classification than in the axial plane. With more accurate information, the surgeon can better decide when to stabilize syndesmotic injury in acute ankle fractures

The CD34-Related Molecule Podocalyxin Is a Potent Inducer of Microvillus Formation

BACKGROUND: Podocalyxin is a CD34-related transmembrane protein involved in hematopoietic cell homing, kidney morphogenesis, breast cancer progression, and epithelial cell polarization. Although this sialomucin has been shown to block cell adhesion, the mechanisms involved remain enigmatic. It has, however, been postulated that the adaptor proteins NHERF-1 and 2 could regulate apical targeting of Podocalyxin by linking it to the actin cytoskeleton. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, in contrast, we find that full-length Podocalyxin acts to recruit NHERF-1 to the apical domain. Moreover, we show that ectopic expression of Podocalyxin in epithelial cells leads to microvillus formation along an expanded apical domain that extends laterally to the junctional complexes. Removal of the C-terminal PDZ-binding domain of Podocalyxin abolishes NHERF-1 recruitment but, surprisingly, has no effect on the formation of microvilli. Instead, we find that the extracellular domain and transmembrane region of Podocalyxin are sufficient to direct recruitment of filamentous actin and ezrin to the plasma membrane and induce microvillus formation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that this single molecule can modulate NHERF localization and, independently, act as a key orchestrator of apical cell morphology, thereby lending mechanistic insights into its multiple roles as a polarity regulator, tumor progression marker, and anti-adhesin

Amyloid Formation by the Pro-Inflammatory S100A8/A9 Proteins in the Ageing Prostate

BACKGROUND: The conversion of soluble peptides and proteins into polymeric amyloid structures is a hallmark of many age-related degenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes and a variety of systemic amyloidoses. We report here that amyloid formation is linked to another major age-related phenomenon--prostate tissue remodelling in middle-aged and elderly men. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: By using multidisciplinary analysis of corpora amylacea inclusions in prostate glands of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer we have revealed that their major components are the amyloid forms of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins associated with numerous inflammatory conditions and types of cancer. In prostate protease rich environment the amyloids are stabilized by dystrophic calcification and lateral thickening. We have demonstrated that material closely resembling CA can be produced from S100A8/A9 in vitro under native and acidic conditions and shows the characters of amyloids. This process is facilitated by calcium or zinc, both of which are abundant in ex vivo inclusions. These observations were supported by computational analysis of the S100A8/A9 calcium-dependent aggregation propensity profiles. We found DNA and proteins from Escherichia coli in CA bodies, suggesting that their formation is likely to be associated with bacterial infection. CA inclusions were also accompanied by the activation of macrophages and by an increase in the concentration of S100A8/A9 in the surrounding tissues, indicating inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings, taken together, suggest a link between bacterial infection, inflammation and amyloid deposition of pro-inflammatory proteins S100A8/A9 in the prostate gland, such that a self-perpetuating cycle can be triggered and may increase the risk of malignancy in the ageing prostate. The results provide strong support for the prediction that the generic ability of polypeptide chains to convert into amyloids could lead to their involvement in an increasing number of otherwise apparently unrelated diseases, particularly those associated with ageing.Original Publication:Kiran Yanamandra, Oleg Alexeyev, Vladimir Zamotin, Vaibhav Srivastava, Andrei Shchukarev, Ann-Christin Brorsson, Gian Gaetano Tartaglia, Thomas Vogl, Rakez Kayed, Gunnar Wingsle, Jan Olsson, Christopher M Dobson, Anders Bergh, Fredrik Elgh and Ludmilla A Morozova-Roche, Amyloid formation by the pro-inflammatory S100A8/A9 proteins in the ageing prostate., 2009, PloS one, (4), 5, e5562.http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.000556

Genome-Wide Transcriptional Response of Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis to Infection with the Deadly Chytrid Fungus

Emerging infectious diseases are of great concern for both wildlife and humans. Several highly virulent fungal pathogens have recently been discovered in natural populations, highlighting the need for a better understanding of fungal-vertebrate host-pathogen interactions. Because most fungal pathogens are not fatal in the absence of other predisposing conditions, host-pathogen dynamics for deadly fungal pathogens are of particular interest. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter Bd) infects hundreds of species of frogs in the wild. It is found worldwide and is a significant contributor to the current global amphibian decline. However, the mechanism by which Bd causes death in amphibians, and the response of the host to Bd infection, remain largely unknown. Here we use whole-genome microarrays to monitor the transcriptional responses to Bd infection in the model frog species, Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis, which is susceptible to chytridiomycosis. To elucidate the immune response to Bd and evaluate the physiological effects of chytridiomycosis, we measured gene expression changes in several tissues (liver, skin, spleen) following exposure to Bd. We detected a strong transcriptional response for genes involved in physiological processes that can help explain some clinical symptoms of chytridiomycosis at the organismal level. However, we detected surprisingly little evidence of an immune response to Bd exposure, suggesting that this susceptible species may not be mounting efficient innate and adaptive immune responses against Bd. The weak immune response may be partially explained by the thermal conditions of the experiment, which were optimal for Bd growth. However, many immune genes exhibited decreased expression in Bd-exposed frogs compared to control frogs, suggesting a more complex effect of Bd on the immune system than simple temperature-mediated immune suppression. This study generates important baseline data for ongoing efforts to understand differences in response to Bd between susceptible and resistant frog species and the effects of chytridiomycosis in natural populations