The evolution of the terrestrial-terminating Irish Sea glacier during the last glaciation

Here we reconstruct the last advance to maximum limits and retreat of the Irish Sea Glacier (ISG), the only land‐terminating ice lobe of the western British Irish Ice Sheet. A series of reverse bedrock slopes rendered proglacial lakes endemic, forming time‐transgressive moraine‐ and bedrock‐dammed basins that evolved with ice marginal retreat. Combining, for the first time on glacial sediments, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) bleaching profiles for cobbles with single grain and small aliquot OSL measurements on sands, has produced a coherent chronology from these heterogeneously bleached samples. This chronology constrains what is globally an early build‐up of ice during late Marine Isotope Stage 3 and Greenland Stadial (GS) 5, with ice margins reaching south Lancashire by 30 ± 1.2 ka, followed by a 120‐km advance at 28.3 ± 1.4 ka reaching its 26.5 ± 1.1 ka maximum extent during GS‐3. Early retreat during GS‐3 reflects piracy of ice sources shared with the Irish‐Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), starving the ISG. With ISG retreat, an opportunistic readvance of Welsh ice during GS‐2 rode over the ISG moraines occupying the space vacated, with ice margins oscillating within a substantial glacial over‐deepening. Our geomorphological chronosequence shows a glacial system forced by climate but mediated by piracy of ice sources shared with the ISIS, changing flow regimes and fronting environments

Search for invisible decay of the Upsilon(1S)

We report results of a search for the invisible decay of the Upsilon(1S) via the Upsilon(3S)->pi(+)pi(-)Upsilon(1S) transition using a data sample of 2.9 fb(-1) at the Upsilon(3S) resonance. The data were collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. No signal is found, and an upper limit for the branching fraction at the 90% confidence level is determined to be B(Upsilon(1S)-> invisible)< 2.5x10(-3)

Measurement of CP asymmetry in a time-dependent Dalitz analysis of B0 ->(rho pi)(0) and a constraint on the quark mixing matrix angle phi(2)

We present a measurement of CP asymmetry using a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of B-0 ->pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) decays based on a 414 fb(-1) data sample containing 449x10(6)B(B) over bar pairs. The data was collected on the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider. Combining our analysis with information on charged B decay modes, we perform a full Dalitz and isospin analysis and obtain a constraint on the CKM angle phi(2), 68 degrees <phi(2)< 95 degrees as the 68.3% confidence interval for the phi(2) solution consistent with the standard model (SM). A large SM-disfavored region also remains

Observation of the decay B-0 -> J/psi eta

We report the first observation of B-0 -> J/psi eta decay. These results are obtained from a data sample that contains 449x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs accumulated at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. We observe a signal with a significance of 8.1 sigma and obtain a branching fraction of (9.5 +/- 1.7(stat)+/- 0.8(syst))x10(-6)

Observation of time-dependent CP violation in B-0 ->eta K-'(0) decays and improved measurements of CP asymmetries in B-0 ->phi K-0, (KSKSKS0)-K-0-K-0 and B-0 -> J/psi K-0 decays

We present improved measurements of CP-violation parameters in B-0 -> phi K-0, eta K-'(0), (KSKSKS0)-K-0-K-0 decays based on a sample of 535 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. We obtain sin2 phi(eff)(1) = +0.64 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.04(syst) for B-0 -> eta K-'(0), +0.50 +/- 0.21(stat) +/- 0.06(syst) for B-0 ->phi K-0, and +0.30 +/- 0.32(stat) +/- 0.08(syst) for B-0 -> (KSKSKS0)-K-0-K-0 decays. We have observed CP violation in the B-0 -> eta K-'(0) decay with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations. We also perform an improved measurement of CP asymmetries in B-0 -> J/psi K-0 decays and obtain sin2 phi(1) = +0.642 +/- 0.031(stat) +/- 0.017(syst)

Reactivity of one-, two-, three- and four-electron reduced forms of alpha-[P2W18O62](6-) generated by controlled potential electrolysis in water

C1 - Journal Articles RefereedOne, two, three and four electron reduced forms of α-[P2W18O62]6− in aqueous acidic electrolyte media have been selectively generated by bulk electrolysis from a solution that has an initial pH of 3.6. The reactivities of the reduced polyoxometalate anions and identities of products formed in the presence and absence of dioxygen have been assessed via oxygen and hydrogen Clark-type electrodes, a pH electrode and rotating disk electrode voltammetry. [P2W18O62]7− is stable to protons but is slowly oxidized by dioxygen (timescale: hours to days) back to [P2W18O62]6−. In contrast, [P2W18O62]8− reacts more rapidly with O2 and slowly with H+, whereas generation of the [P2W18O62]9− and [P2W18O62]10− anion is accompanied by a large increase in pH and rapid reaction with O2 or, in its absence, with H+. Consequently, it is concluded that photocatalytic reactions based upon [P2W18O62]6− chemistry are only likely to be of significance if [P2W18O62]9− or more highly reduced species are generated and form part of the catalytic cycle

Synthesis and redox properties of triarylmethane dye cation salts of anions [M6O19](2-) (M = Mo, W)

C1 - Journal Articles RefereedFour salts have been isolated combining the triarylmethane dye cations pararosaniline (PR(+)) and crystal violet (CV(+)) with the hexametalates [M(6)O(19)](2-) (M = Mo, W). A new hexatungstic acid H(2)[W(6)O(19)]·4dma (dma = dimethylacetamide) was isolated and is a useful synthon for hexatungstate salts. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of PR(+) and [Mo(6)O(19)](2-) ions in [PR](2)[Mo(6)O(19)]·6dmf (dmf = dimethylformamide). A number of charge-assisted hydrogen bonds N-H···O exist between the cation -NH(2) functions and the anion oxygen atoms. Comparative cyclic voltammetry of salts [A]Cl (A = PR, CV), [Bu(4)N](2)[M(6)O(19)](2-) and A(2)[M(6)O(19)] was established in MeCN and Me(2)SO solutions and of solids in contact with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide [emim][tfsa]. In the molecular solvents, the reversible potential for the process [Mo(6)O(19)](2-/3-) is less negative than the first reduction processes of the dye cations. In contrast, that for [W(6)O(19)](2-/3-) is more negative. Spectro-electrochemistry and bulk electrolysis experiments reveal significantly different pathways in the two cases. In contrast, in the [emim][tfsa] medium, a positive shift in reduction potential of at least 400 mV is seen for the anion processes but relatively little change for the dye cation processes. This means that initial reduction of the anions always precedes that of the dyes, providing significant simplification of the complex voltammetric data. Chemically modified electrodes can be used in the ionic liquid because of slow dissolution kinetics. However, reduced anion salts dissolve rapidly, allowing dissolved phase electrochemistry to be examined. The electrochemistries of the oxidized salts A(2)[M(6)O(19)] are essentially those of the individual ions, although low level interaction of A(+) with reduced anions [M(6)O(19)](3-,4-) is evident. The work establishes protocols for synthesis and handling of intensely absorbing and relatively insoluble salts which can now be applied to systems containing more complex polyoxometalate anions