SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT VILLAGE COMMUNITIES IN BUNDUNG LAUT (CASE STUDIES OF INTERNTATONAL PORT KIJING DEVELOPMENT: IMPLIKASI SOSIAL AKIBAT PEMINDAHAN PAKSA MASYARAKAT DESA BUNDUNG LAUT (STUDI KASUS PEMBANGUNAN PELABUHAN INTERNASIONAL KIJING)

Migrasi dibedakan menjadi dua yakni migrasi sukarela dan migrasi paksa. Dalam migrasi paksa terdapat migrasi yang sulit dihitung yakni migrasi paksa akibat pembangunan. Di Indonesia sendiri terutama di Kalimantan Barat terdapat pembangunan pelabuhan yang bernama Pelabuhan Internasional Kijing di Kecamatan Sungai Kunyit Kabupaten Mempawah, Kalimantan Barat. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja implikasi sosial akibat pemindahan paksa masyarakat Desa Bandung Laut dalam pembangunan Internasional Pantai Kijing. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori perspektif komparatif Harrell-Bond dan Voutira yang mengatakan bahwa konsekuensi dari migrasi paksa adalah kemiskinan. Peneliti memilih menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dalam penelitian ini dengan metode wawancara kepada informan yang merupakan masyarakat terdampak dan ditentukan melalui melalui purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pembangunan Pelabuhan Kijing menimbulkan dampak, baik dibidang ekonomi, sosial budaya dan pendidikan. Di bidang ekonomi, pembangunan ini mengakibatkan pemindahan paksa terkait dengan alih fungsi lahan yang digunakan untuk pembangunan pelabuhan sehingga masyarakat kehilangan tempat tinggal dan terbatasnya sumber mata pencaharian terutama yang dialami oleh nelayan-nelayan tradisional. Di bidang sosial budaya dampak dari pembangunan tersebut yakni perubahan perilaku masyarakat menjadi konsumtif. Sedangkan di bidang pendidikan diharapkan dapat meningkat dengan melalui CSR dari PT Pelindo yang memberikan beasiswa bagi anak yatim dan anak berprestasi

Physician and patient attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine in obstetrics and gynecology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the U.S., complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is most prevalent among reproductive age, educated women. We sought to determine general attitudes and approaches to CAM among obstetric and gynecology patients and physicians.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Obstetrician-gynecologist members of the American Medical Association in the state of Michigan and obstetric-gynecology patients at the University of Michigan were surveyed. Physician and patient attitudes and practices regarding CAM were characterized.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Surveys were obtained from 401 physicians and 483 patients. Physicians appeared to have a more positive attitude towards CAM as compared to patients, and most reported routinely endorsing, providing or referring patients for at least one CAM modality. The most commonly used CAM interventions by patients were divergent from those rated highest among physicians, and most patients did not consult with a health care provider prior to starting CAM.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although obstetrics/gynecology physicians and patients have a positive attitude towards CAM, physician and patients' view of the most effective CAM therapies were incongruent. Obstetrician/gynecologists should routinely ask their patients about their use of CAM with the goal of providing responsible, evidence-based advice to optimize patient care.</p

Homeostatic regulation of the endoneurial microenvironment during development, aging and in response to trauma, disease and toxic insult

The endoneurial microenvironment, delimited by the endothelium of endoneurial vessels and a multi-layered ensheathing perineurium, is a specialized milieu intérieur within which axons, associated Schwann cells and other resident cells of peripheral nerves function. The endothelium and perineurium restricts as well as regulates exchange of material between the endoneurial microenvironment and the surrounding extracellular space and thus is more appropriately described as a blood–nerve interface (BNI) rather than a blood–nerve barrier (BNB). Input to and output from the endoneurial microenvironment occurs via blood–nerve exchange and convective endoneurial fluid flow driven by a proximo-distal hydrostatic pressure gradient. The independent regulation of the endothelial and perineurial components of the BNI during development, aging and in response to trauma is consistent with homeostatic regulation of the endoneurial microenvironment. Pathophysiological alterations of the endoneurium in experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), and diabetic and lead neuropathy are considered to be perturbations of endoneurial homeostasis. The interactions of Schwann cells, axons, macrophages, and mast cells via cell–cell and cell–matrix signaling regulate the permeability of this interface. A greater knowledge of the dynamic nature of tight junctions and the factors that induce and/or modulate these key elements of the BNI will increase our understanding of peripheral nerve disorders as well as stimulate the development of therapeutic strategies to treat these disorders

A poluição do ar em ambientes internos e a síndrome dos edifícios doentes Air pollution in internal environments and sick building syndrome

A Qualidade do Ar Interno (QAI) surgiu como ciência a partir da década de 70 com a crise energética e a consequente construção dos edifícios selados (desprovidos de ventilação natural), principalmente nos países desenvolvidos, e se destacou após a descoberta de que a diminuição das taxas de troca de ar nesses ambientes era a grande responsável pelo aumento da concentração de poluentes no ar interno. Admite-se que a ventilação seja um dos principais fatores que interferem na qualidade do ar interno e que os próprios ocupantes dos edifícios contribuem substancialmente com a poluição destes ambientes através de suas atividades. Sabe-se ainda que a má qualidade do ar interno está associada a doenças (como tosse, rinite, alergia, etc.) e à Síndrome dos Edifícios Doentes (SED). Para amostragem de substâncias gasosas no ar de ambientes internos dispõe-se de diversas metodologias, sendo as principais: sistemas passivos de monitoramento, sistemas ativos e automáticos. Para a efetiva promoção de um ambiente saudável, deve-se conciliar a aplicação de legislações específicas com pesquisas e conscientização dos ocupantes dos edifícios. Essa revisão objetiva relacionar os diferentes contaminantes encontrados em ambientes internos, seus efeitos à saúde humana e suas metodologias de amostragem.<br>Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) emerged as a science from the 1970s onwards with the energy crisis and the subsequent construction of sealed buildings (without natural ventilation). This mainly occurred in developed countries and it soon came to public attention that lower levels of air exchange in these environments was the main culprit for the increase in concentration of indoor air pollutants. It is common knowledge that ventilation is one of the principal factors that interfere with air quality in indoor environments and that the occupants contribute to the pollution of these environments with their activities. Furthermore, poor indoor air quality is associated with some diseases (cough, rhinitis, allergy, etc.) and with Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). For sampling of the indoor contaminants there are several methodologies, available including passive monitoring systems, active and automatic systems. To ensure a healthy indoor environment, the application of specific legislation needs to be reconciled with research and fostering awareness among the occupants of such buildings. This survey seeks to identify the different contaminants found in internal environments, their effects on human health and the methodologies available for sampling them