Instant Powder of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) on Dysmenorrhea Intensity in Adolescent

Dysmenorrhea is a common disorder that often occurs before and during menstruation, characterized by pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea experienced by teenagers in the first three years after menarche was 54.89%. It is very important to treat dysmenorrhea, this is because of the negative effects it has on teenagers due to enduring the pain, including fatigue and weakness and even nausea and vomiting because it can spread to the waist and thighs. Treatment that minimizes side effects can be done non-pharmacologically by using lemongrass, which containsantioxidants that reduce pain. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of instant lemongrass powder (Cymbopogon Citratus) on the intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescents. The research used a PreExperimental Design with the form of One Group Pre-test and Post-test. The research population was76 teenagers using a purposive sampling technique, using inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the research of 16 teenagers. Dysmenorrhea intensity assessment used the NRS questionnaire. The data obtained was then carried out using the t test and obtained a value of Sig = 0.000 < 0.05, there was a significant impact in the form of changes in the intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescents after administering instant lemongrass powder

Lunar Phase-Dependent Expression of Cryptochrome and a Photoperiodic Mechanism for Lunar Phase-Recognition in a Reef Fish, Goldlined Spinefoot

Lunar cycle-associated physiology has been found in a wide variety of organisms. Recent study has revealed that mRNA levels of Cryptochrome (Cry), one of the circadian clock genes, were significantly higher on a full moon night than on a new moon night in coral, implying the involvement of a photoreception system in the lunar-synchronized spawning. To better establish the generalities surrounding such a mechanism and explore the underlying molecular mechanism, we focused on the relationship between lunar phase, Cry gene expression, and the spawning behavior in a lunar-synchronized spawner, the goldlined spinefoot (Siganus guttatus), and we identified two kinds of Cry genes in this animal. Their mRNA levels showed lunar cycle-dependent expression in the medial part of the brain (mesencephalon and diencephalon) peaking at the first quarter moon. Since this lunar phase coincided with the reproductive phase of the goldlined spinefoot, Cry gene expression was considered a state variable in the lunar phase recognition system. Based on the expression profiles of SgCrys together with the moonlight's pattern of timing and duration during its nightly lunar cycle, we have further speculated on a model of lunar phase recognition for reproductive control in the goldlined spinefoot, which integrates both moonlight and circadian signals in a manner similar to photoperiodic response