Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS): Translation and Evaluation of Its Psychometric Properties in an Arabic Version

Aseel AlSaleh,1 Waqar Husain,2 Khaled Trabelsi,3,4 Hadeel Ghazzawi,5 Achraf Ammar,6,7 Zahra Saif,8 Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal,9,10 Maha M AlRasheed,11 Ahmed S BaHammam,12,13 Haitham Jahrami8,14 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; 2Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan; 3High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia; 4Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia; 5Nutrition and Food Technology Department, Agriculture School, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 6Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55099, Germany; 7Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia; 8Department of Psychiatry, Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain; 9Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; 10Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; 11Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; 12The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 13King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 14Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BahrainCorrespondence: Haitham Jahrami, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain, Email [email protected]: The Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) is a well-recognized instrument utilized for measuring cognitive and somatic arousal before sleep. Although the PSAS is useful, an Arabic version of the scale has not yet been developed and validated. The current study aimed to translate the PSAS into Arabic language and evaluate its psychometric properties, such as reliability and validity, in an Arabic-speaking population.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 438 participants who completed the Arabic version of the PSAS, along with other validated measures of insomnia, anxiety, and sleep effort.Results: The results indicated that the Arabic version of the PSAS maintained the original scale’s two-factor structure. The factor loadings for PSAS-Cognitive ranged from 0.57 to 0.75, and for PSAS-Somatic, from 0.45 to 0.70, with all loadings being statistically significant (p < 0.001). The Arabic version of the PSAS exhibited high internal consistency (McDonald’s ω = 0.86; Cronbach’s α = 0.86; Guttman’s λ 2 = 0.86; Greatest Lower Bound = 0.90) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.88) over two weeks. The PSAS demonstrated good concurrent and convergent validity. We documented significant large differences between individuals with “no insomnia” and those with “insomnia” symptoms across cognitive, somatic, and total pre-sleep arousal (all p < 0.001). The insomnia group consistently scored higher scores for PSAP and its subscales.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the Arabic version of the PSAS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing pre-sleep arousal in Arabic-speaking individuals.Keywords: Arabic version, insomnia, pre-sleep arousal, PSAS, psychometric properties, reliability, validit

The Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Anxiety and Preoccupation About Sleep Questionnaire (APSQ)

Abdulmajeed Abdullah Alghamdi,1 Abdulmalik Abdulrahman Abanumai,1 Meshal Fawaz Althobaiti,2 Meshari Salem Alzahrani,1 Salma Yasser Abu-Saleh,3 Achraf Ammar,4,5 Hadeel Ghazzawi,6 Khaled Trabelsi,7,8 Nicola Bragazzi,9 Ahmed S BaHammam,10,11 Haitham Jahrami,1,12 Maha M AlRasheed13 1Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; 2Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 3Department Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 4Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 5Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France; 6Nutrition and Food Science Department, Agriculture School, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 7High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; 8Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; 9Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) and Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School, Building C, Parma, Italy; 10The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 11King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 12Department of Psychiatry, Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain; 13Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Maha M AlRasheed, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966-114678707, Fax +966-114677480, Email [email protected]: Insomnia disorder is a common health condition; it has a role in increasing the possibility of developing other psychological disorders, including anxiety and depression. Anxiety and preoccupation with sleep are two examples of common cognitive factors that contribute to the development of chronic insomnia; thus, it is important to have a tool that assesses worry in insomnia. There is no comprehensive psychiatric measure to assess anxiety and preoccupation with sleep in Arabic. We conducted this study to translate, adapt, and validate the Arabic version of the Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire (APSQ), providing a reliable psychometric tool to assess concerns regarding sleep within Arabic-speaking communities.Methods: The translation process of the scale involved several steps, including forward and backward translation. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey completed by 523 participants from various Arabic-speaking countries. Psychometric analysis was performed utilizing the R software, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, convergent and divergent against the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) and general anxiety disorder (GAD) were conducted.Results: The Arabic-translated form of the APSQ expresses excellent internal consistency with a value of 0.91 for both Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω. The test-retest reliability of a subsample showed an excellent coefficient of 0.93 (p< 0.01). A good fit of the APSQ was observed by CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91, SRMR = 0.05, and RMSEA = 0.1. Convergent and divergent against AIS and GAD showed statistically significant correlations of 0.85 (p< 0.01) and 0.69 (p< 0.01), respectively. Our sample showed a mean APSQ score of 31.28 ± 8.31, and the mean age was 23.62 ± 7.5.Conclusion: The Arabic APSQ is reliable and valid for measuring anxiety and preoccupation with sleep in Arabic countries. Using translated APSQ for clinical diagnosis and research is currently trustworthy.Keywords: anxiety, insomnia, sleep quality, daily performance, general healt

Current application and future prospects of 3D printing in otorhinolaryngology - A narrative review

Application of three-dimensional printing (3D) technology is relatively new in healthcare, but significant progress has been made over the last few decades. The technology has been evolved and became more accessible and affordable for the medical use. The aim of the review article is to discuss the potential use  of 3D printing in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. In the article, use of this novel technology is discussed across various subspecialties in terms of skill training, surgical planning and development of customised prosthesis. Internet searching was also performed for the commercial utility of 3D printed devices in ENT patient care. 3D printing is a promising technology. Numerous articles have been published in the international literature on its potential use in healthcare and progress is being made regularly by researchers to expand its implications in ENT. However, shortage of suitable 3D material which simulate human tissues for developing better training models discloses area of further research. Integration of tissue engineering 3D bioprinting provides significant opportunity to develop functional 3D printed implant for postsurgical reconstruction and organ transplantation. [Abstract copyright: © Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2021.