Metabolic constituents of grapevine and grape-derived products

The numerous uses of the grapevine fruit, especially for wine and beverages, have made it one of the most important plants worldwide. The phytochemistry of grapevine is rich in a wide range of compounds. Many of them are renowned for their numerous medicinal uses. The production of grapevine metabolites is highly conditioned by many factors like environment or pathogen attack. Some grapevine phytoalexins have gained a great deal of attention due to their antimicrobial activities, being also involved in the induction of resistance in grapevine against those pathogens. Meanwhile grapevine biotechnology is still evolving, thanks to the technological advance of modern science, and biotechnologists are making huge efforts to produce grapevine cultivars of desired characteristics. In this paper, important metabolites from grapevine and grape derived products like wine will be reviewed with their health promoting effects and their role against certain stress factors in grapevine physiology

Tratamento endovascular da reestenose carotídea: resultados em curto prazo Endovascular treatment of carotid artery restenosis: short term results

CONTEXTO: O tratamento cirúrgico da reestenose carotídea apresenta alta taxa de lesão neurológica. Contrariamente, o tratamento endovascular da doença obstrutiva carotídea extracraniana tem se tornado mais factível e gradualmente menores taxas de risco cirúrgico vêm sendo reportadas, tornando-se uma opção em situações especiais, e provavelmente poderá ser considerado o tratamento padrão para reestenose carotídea. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a aplicabilidade, a segurança e a eficácia da angioplastia com o uso do stent (ACS) no tratamento da reestenose carotídea (REC) no intraoperatório e no pós-operatório recente (<30 dias). MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes portadores de reestenose carotídea submetidos à angioplastia com stent no período de março 2000 a junho de 2004. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 19 pacientes com reestenose carotídea. Quatorze pacientes (74%) eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 74 anos. Quinze (79%) eram assintomáticos com estenose >80%, enquanto quatro (21%) eram sintomáticos com estenose >70%. Apenas em um paciente não foi utilizado sistema de proteção cerebral. O sucesso técnico foi obtido em todos os casos. Não houve morte ou acidente vascular encefálico no intra ou no pós-operatório recente (30 dias). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento endovascular da reestenose carotídea mostrou-se uma abordagem factível e segura em curto prazo<br>CONTEXT: The surgical treatment of carotid artery restenosis presents a high risk of nerve injury. On the contrary, endovascular treatment for extracranial carotid artery obstructive disease has become more feasible. Gradually, lower rates of surgical risk have been reported, which makes the treatment a good option in special situations. It may be considered as the standard treatment for carotid artery restenosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability, safety, and efficacy of the angioplasty with the use of a stent (Carotid Artery Stenting - CAS) for the treatment of carotid artery restenosis, in the intraoperative and early (<30 days) postoperative period. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients with carotid artery restenosis who have undergone stenting angioplasty from March 2000 to June 2004. RESULTS: Nineteen patients with carotid artery restenosis were analyzed. Fourteen (74%) patients were male, with a mean age of 74 years. Fifteen (79%) patients were asymptomatic, with stenosis >80%, whereas 4 (21%) were symptomatic with stenosis >70%. In only one patient a cerebral protection system was not used. Technical success was achieved in all cases. There was no death or stroke in the intraoperative or the early postoperative period (30 days). CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of carotid artery restenosis seems to be a feasible and safe approach in the short ter

Soft tissue tumor imaging in adults: whole-body staging in sarcoma, non-malignant entities requiring special algorithms, pitfalls and special imaging aspects. Guidelines 2024 from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR)

ObjectivesThe revised European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) consensus guidelines on soft tissue tumor imaging represent an update of 2015 after technical advancements, further insights into specific entities, and revised World Health Organization (2020) and AJCC (2017) classifications. This second of three papers covers algorithms once histology is confirmed: (1) standardized whole-body staging, (2) special algorithms for non-malignant entities, and (3) multiplicity, genetic tumor syndromes, and pitfalls.Materials and methodsA validated Delphi method based on peer-reviewed literature was used to derive consensus among a panel of 46 specialized musculoskeletal radiologists from 12 European countries. Statements that had undergone interdisciplinary revision were scored online by the level of agreement (0 to 10) during two iterative rounds, that could result in 'group consensus', 'group agreement', or 'lack of agreement'.ResultsThe three sections contain 24 statements with comments. Group consensus was reached in 95.8% and group agreement in 4.2%. For whole-body staging, pulmonary MDCT should be performed in all high-grade sarcomas. Whole-body MRI is preferred for staging bone metastasis, with [18F]FDG-PET/CT as an alternative modality in PET-avid tumors. Patients with alveolar soft part sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, and angiosarcoma should be screened for brain metastases. Special algorithms are recommended for entities such as rhabdomyosarcoma, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, and neurofibromatosis type 1 associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Satisfaction of search should be avoided in potential multiplicity.ConclusionStandardized whole-body staging includes pulmonary MDCT in all high-grade sarcomas; entity-dependent modifications and specific algorithms are recommended for sarcomas and non-malignant soft tissue tumors.Clinical relevance statementThese updated ESSR soft tissue tumor imaging guidelines aim to provide support in decision-making, helping to avoid common pitfalls, by providing general and entity-specific algorithms, techniques, and reporting recommendations for whole-body staging in sarcoma and non-malignant soft tissue tumors.Key PointsAn early, accurate, diagnosis is crucial for the prognosis of patients with soft tissue tumors.These updated guidelines provide best practice expert consensus for standardized imaging algorithms, techniques, and reporting.Standardization can improve the comparability examinations and provide databases for large data analysis