Estimating the furrow infiltration characteristic from a single advance point

Management and control of surface irrigation, in particular furrow irrigation, is limited by spatio-temporal soil infiltration variability as well as the high cost and time associated with collecting intensive field data for estimation of the infiltration characteristics. Recent work has proposed scaling the commonly used infiltration function by using a model infiltration curve and a single advance point for every other furrow in an irrigation event. Scaling factors were calculated for a series of furrows at two sites and at four points down the length of the field (0.25 L, 0.5 L, 0.75 L and L). Differences in the value of the scaling factor with distance were found to be a function of the shape of the advance curves. It is concluded that use of points early in the advance results in a substantial loss of accuracy and should be avoided. The scaling factor was also strongly correlated with the furrow-wetted perimeter suggesting that the scaling is an appropriate way of both predicting and accommodating the effect of the hydraulic variability

AN ANALYSIS ON THE ERRORS OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS WRITING ON THE DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Writing is one of the fundamental skills in English language education, yet many students, particularly at the vocational school level, face significant difficulties in composing well-structured and grammatically accurate texts. These challenges often result in persistent errors that hinder their ability to communicate ideas effectively. Understanding these errors especially in writing descriptive texts is crucial for improving teaching strategies and student writing outcomes. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research design to analyze the writing errors of tenth-grade students at SMK Islam Bustanul Ulum Pakusari in the academic year 2024/2025. Data were collected through classroom observations, student worksheets, and semi-structured interviews. The instruments used included observation checklists, interview guides, and documentation of student writings. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that students commonly made three major types of errors: (1) grammatical errors (e.g., misuse of articles, auxiliary verbs, subject-verb agreement, and passive forms); (2) lexical and spelling errors (e.g., limited vocabulary, incorrect word forms, and spelling mistakes); and (3) cohesion and stylistic errors (e.g., redundancy, unclear references, and inappropriate sentence structure). These errors were primarily caused by interlanguage interference, intralingual interference, and carelessness. These findings align with prior research indicating that students struggle with basic grammatical structures and vocabulary use in English writing. Interviews confirmed that insufficient writing practice, limited feedback, and unclear understanding of descriptive text structures contributed to the errors. This suggests the need for more explicit instruction and structured practice in grammar, vocabulary, and writing conventions. Integrating visual aids, regular writing assignments, and peer reviews may help students overcome these difficulties. This study concludes that writing difficulties among tenth-grade students are multifaceted and primarily stem from linguistic and pedagogical factors. Addressing these challenges requires targeted teaching strategies and a more engaging writing environment. Further research is needed with a larger sample size and different school contexts to validate and expand upon these findings

A Comparative Study Of Certification Systems Based On Ethical Codes Of Medical Information On The Internet

Access to medical information has increased all over the world with the increase in Internet usage. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure the quality of medical information on the Internet. In this study, nine organizations having ethical codes relating to medical information on the Internet were subjects. Of these, ethical codes were compared on the basis of form and content. The certification systems were compared on the basis of number of certified websites, number of certified countries, cost to certify, process of certification and term of certification. As this result, here were only a few differences in form although each ethical code emphasized different content. It is unclear which certification system was the best, as all had advantages and disadvantages. The promotion of a certification system needs support from governments or other organizations. In conclusion, we propose three steps to ensure quality and control medical information online: (1) update the ethical code at least annually, (2) work with other organizations to enforce ethical codes and certification systems, and (3) raise awareness of these approaches

Modeling drying kinetics of thyme (thymus vulgaris l.): theoretical and empirical models, and neural networks

[EN] The drying kinetics of thyme was analyzed by considering different conditions: air temperature of between 40 C and 70 C, and air velocity of 1 m/s. A theoretical diffusion model and eight different empirical models were fitted to the experimental data. From the theoretical model application, the effective diffusivity per unit area of the thyme was estimated (between 3.68 10 5 and 2.12 10 4 s 1). The temperature dependence of the effective diffusivity was described by the Arrhenius relationship with activation energy of 49.42 kJ/mol. Eight different empirical models were fitted to the experimental data. Additionally, the dependence of the parameters of each model on the drying temperature was determined, obtaining equations that allow estimating the evolution of the moisture content at any temperature in the established range. Furthermore, artificial neural networks were developed and compared with the theoretical and empirical models using the percentage of the relative errors and the explained variance. The artificial neural networks were found to be more accurate predictors of moisture evolution with VAR 99.3% and ER 8.7%.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the 'Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia' in Spain, CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 (CSD2007-00016).Rodríguez Cortina, J.; Clemente Polo, G.; Sanjuán Pellicer, MN.; Bon Corbín, J. (2014). Modeling drying kinetics of thyme (thymus vulgaris l.): theoretical and empirical models, and neural networks. Food Science and Technology International. 20(1):13-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013212469614S132220

The Comparison of phonetic between Thai and English consonant in U-Prince Thai movie series

The research is interested in doing research on “The comparison of phonetic between Thai and English Consonants” that the author wants. To compare English and Thai speaking and pronunciation to get differences and similarities so that learners can learn English and Thai. Based on the problem. What are the consonant alphabets and sounds of Thai and English in the U-Prince Thai movie series. How are Thai and English phonetic symbols shown in the U-Prince Thai movie series. The research uses three theories related to this research: Ladefoged and Johnson's (2015) theory to find phonemes in English and Thai, Finegan's (2015) theory to know the sound distribution process. and the pronunciation system in each language the research also used Fisiak's (1981) theory to decide the similarities and differences of phonemes in the two languages, English and Thai. This implies that the analyzed data produces a description of the phenomenon. The main source for the qualitative analysis of this research is the content analysis of the Thai dictionary. Collected data according to the protocols of data collection and analysis researcher. First, desk research was used for this investigation. Reservations in linguistic disciplines including literature, linguistics, and intercultural communication borrow words and transliterations from libraries or online. The data revealed presents a detailed analysis of the consonant and vowel phonemes in both Thai and English languages as represented in the U-Prince movie series. Key findings include consonant distribution Thai has 44 consonants, each corresponding to specific sounds, while English has 26 consonants. Outline the phonetic representation of various consonants in both languages, highlighting their tonal characteristics in Thai. Vowel Phoneme Distribution the analysis includes the distribution of vowel phonemes in both languages, showing how they interact with consonants to form syllables. For example, the vowel phonemes in Thai are described alongside their English counterparts. Examples of Words: The chapter gives specific examples of words in both languages, detailing their phonetic breakdown and meanings, such as "Technique" and "Furniture," illustrating the practical application of the phonetic analysis. These findings contribute to understanding the phonotactic patterns and distribution of sounds in Thai and English as depicted in the U-Prince movie series

Benefits of dry comminution of biomass pellets in a knife mill

The potential benefits of dry comminution in a knife mill for a diverse range of biomass 6 pellets are explored. The impact of dry comminution on energy consumption, particle size and shape, 7 is examined as well as the link between milling and mechanical durability. Biomass pellet comminution 8 energy was significantly lower (19.3-32.5 kW h t-1 [fresh] and 17.8-23.2 kW h t-1 [dry]) than values 9 reported in literature for non-densified biomass in similar knife mills. The impact of drying was found 10 to vary by feedstock. Dry grinding reduced milling energy by 38% for mixed wood pellets, but only 2% 11 for steam exploded pellets. Particle size and shape, particle distribution dispersion, and distribution 12 shape parameters changes between fresh and dry milling were also material dependent. Von Rittinger 13 analysis showed that to maximise mill throughput, pellets should be composed of particles which can 14 pass through the screen and thus have a neutral size change. A strong correlation was found between 15 pellet durability and energy consumption for fresh biomass pellets. Dry grinding has the potential to 16 significantly reduce energy consumption without compromising the product particle size, as well as 17 enhancing product quality and optimising biomass pellet comminution and combustion

In-situ observation of falling-weight impact damage in isotactic polypropylene sheet

Embargo Period 12 months金沢大学理工研究域フロンティア工学系journal articl