Determinants of smallholder maize supply to private traders and profitability: evidence from lilongwe district in central Malawi

This study was devoted to estimate profitability and various determinants of quantities of maize sold to private traders by smallholder farmers in Lilongwe district. Multiple Regression analysis was employed to test various determinants of quantities of maize sold to private traders. Gross margin analysis was used to estimate economic returns realized by the smallholder maize farmers supplying their produce to exporting traders. The findings of the study revealed that income level of the household, household size, access to extension service, education level of household head, size of land under maize production and price of maize were important determinants of quantities of maize that a given household sold to private traders. The gross margin per Malawi Kwacha invested was MK2.98.Determinants, gross margin, selling maize, smallholder farmers, private traders

Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Cipta Lagu Dan Musik Di Internet Menurut Undang-undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hak-hak bagi pencipta dan pemegang hak cipta lagu dan musik dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 dan bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi hak cipta lagu dan musik di internet dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014, yang dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Pencipta dan pemegang hak cipta memiliki hak terhadap suatu ciptaannya, yaitu hak moral (moral right) dan hak ekonomi (economic right). Di mana hak tersebut bersifat khusus/istimewa, karena hanya dimiliki oleh pencipta dan pemegang hak cipta terhadap karya ciptanya. Hak Moral yang secara umum melindungi suatu ciptaan dari Perubahan yang dilakukan oleh orang lain, di mana hak ini hanya dimiliki oleh pencipta saja. Sedangkan, Hak Ekonomi adalah hak untuk mendapatkan manfaat ekonomi atas suatu karya ciptanya, di mana hak ini dimiliki oleh pencipta dan pemegang hak cipta. 2. Perlindungan hukum terhadap hak cipta lagu dan musik atas pelanggaran yang dilakukan di internet meskipun tegas dinyatakan di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta, namun penegakan dari Undang-Undang tersebut belum berjalan efektif. Karena masih terbukti dengan banyaknya pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang terjadi di internet khususnya pada hak cipta lagu dan musik. Hal ini disebabkan karena masyarakat masih kurang mengetahui akan Undang-Undang Hak Cipta yang melindungi karya cipta lagu dan musik serta perbuatan-perbuatan apa saja yang dilarang oleh Undang-Undang tersebut

Floquet Spectrum and Transport Through an Irradiated Graphene Ribbon

Graphene subject to a spatially uniform, circularly-polarized electric field supports a Floquet spectrum with properties akin to those of a topological insulator, including non-vanishing Chern numbers associated with bulk bands and current-carrying edge states. Transport properties of this system however are complicated by the non-equilibrium occupations of the Floquet states. We address this by considering transport in a two-terminal ribbon geometry for which the leads have well-defined chemical potentials, with an irradiated central scattering region. We demonstrate the presence of edge states, which for infinite mass boundary conditions may be associated with only one of the two valleys. At low frequencies, the bulk DC conductivity near zero energy is shown to be dominated by a series of states with very narrow anticrossings, leading to super-diffusive behavior. For very long ribbons, a ballistic regime emerges in which edge state transport dominates.Comment: 4.2 pages, 3 figure

Domain Patterns in the Microwave-Induced Zero-Resistance State

It has been proposed that the microwave-induced ``zero-resistance'' phenomenon, observed in a GaAs two-dimensional electron system at low temperatures in moderate magnetic fields, results from a state with multiple domains, in which a large local electric field \bE(\br) is oriented in different directions. We explore here the questions of what may determine the domain arrangement in a given sample, what do the domains look like in representative cases, and what may be the consequences of domain-wall localization on the macroscopic dc conductance. We consider both effects of sample boundaries and effects of disorder, in a simple model, which has a constant Hall conductivity, and is characterized by a Lyapunov functional.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures; submitted to a special issue of Journal of Statistical Physics, in honor of P. C. Hohenberg and J. S. Lange

Gambaran Kadar High Density Lipoprotein Darah Pada Laki-laki Berusia 40-59 Tahun Dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh ≥23 Kg/m2

: High density lipoprotein (HDL) is a lipoprotein containing apo A-1, associated with other apolipoproteins. One of the HDL functions is as the reversed transporter of cholesterol in order to reduce cholesterol level in peripheral tissues. Low HDL cholesterol level is often related to obesity. High cholesterol level, obesity, and low HDL level are known as risk factors of coronary heart diseases. Overweight subjects have higher probabality for suffering from heart diseases and stroke. This study aimed to elaborate high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in males aged 40-59 years with body mass index higher than 23 kg/m2. This study used consecutive sampling method. Total subjects involved in this study were 20 males who lived in Malalayang. The results showed that there were 11 subjects with normal HDL levels and nine subjects (45%) with low HDL levels (<45 mg/dL). No subjects had high HDL level. Nineteen subjects (95%) were classified as obesity and only one subject (5%) as overweight. Conclusion: Most of the males 40-59 aged with body mass index ≥23 kg/m2 who lived in Malalayang Manado has normal HDL level

Kadar Kalium Serum Pada Latihan Fisik Intensitas Sedang Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi

: Excessive body heat while doing physical exercise will be excreted by sweating. Potassium is one of the electrolyte compounds incorporated and washed away together with sweat. In turn, the excessive lost of potassium in sweat can decrease the concentration of extracellular potassium level. Physical exercise can also lead to an increase in serum potassium concentration. The present study was aimed to determine the differences of potassium level before and after physical exercise at moderate intensity at students year 2010 Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University. Thirty students (27 men and 3 women) were involved in the present pre-experimental study designed with pretest-posttest. Samples were colected using purposive sampling method and analyzed further using wilcoxon test. Data was collected by determine the serum potassium levels before and after moderate intensity physical exercise. Exercise is done in the form of fast walking on a treadmill to maintain heart rate target 64-76 % of maximum heart rate (200 - age) for 30 minutes. The result showed that the average of serum potassium levels before moderate intensity exercise was 4,253±0,3683 mEq/L, and the average of serum potassium levels after moderate intensity exercise was 4,363±0,3908 mEq/L. Wilcoxon test significance values ​​in this study were p=0.110 (p>0,05). It can be concluded that there was no difference of potassium level before and after physical exercise at moderate intensity at students year 2010 Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University

Gambaran Kadar Fosfor Darah Pada Lanjut Usia 60-74 Tahun

: Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in human body which counts for 1% of weight. Eighty percents of phosphorus is found in bones and teeth, around 10% in blood and muscles, and 10% scattered in chemical compounds. Phosphorus is needed in bone and teeth classification, energy formation, absorption and transport of nutrients, acid-base balance, and as part of essential body tissues. This study aimed to obtain the phosphorus blood levels in elderly aged 60-74 years. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Respondents were 26 people in Balai Penyantunan Lanjut Usia Senja Cerah (elderly housing) consisted of 11 males and 15 females. Blood samples were taken from vena without fasting. The phosphorus blood levels were examined by using molybdate UV method. The results showed that the mean blood phosphorus level was 3.4 mg/dL. The blood phosphorus levels were normal in 88.4% of respondents, below normal levels 7.7%, and above normal levels 3,8%. Conclusion: Most of the elderly at Balai Penyantunan Lanjut Usia Senja Cerah aged 60-74 years had normal blood phosphorus level

Gambaran Asam Urat Serum Pada Vegetarian Lacto - Ovo

: Purine is generated through three mechanisms: de novo synthesis, salvage pathway, and food consumption. Most purine derived from food is converted to uric acid directly, without the occurrence of nucleic acid network. Lacto-ovo vegetarian is a lifestyle that consist of consuming food like vegetables, fruits, nuts, tofu, tempe plus milk and eggs. The intake of food in vegetarian lacto-ovo, some of them are high in purines. The purpose of this research is to describe serum uric acid levels in lacto-ovo vegetarians. This study used a cross sectional with a total sampling as the sampling method. There were 25 respondents that participated in this study. From 25 respondents found as many as seven respondents (28%) who had high uric acid levels and 18 respondent (72%) had serum uric acid levels in the normal range