Modelling crystallization: When the normal growth velocity depends on the supersaturation

The crystallization proceeds by the advance of the crystal faces into the disordered phase at the expense of the supersaturation which is not sustained in our model. Using a conservation constraint for the transformation ratio and a kinetic law, we derive a general equation for the rate of transformation. It is integrated for the six combinations of the three spatial dimensions D = 1, 2, 3 and the two canonical values of the growth order (1 and 2). The same equation with growth order 1 is obtained when taking only the linear term from the Taylor's expansion around 0 transformation of the model of Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov(JMAK). We verify our model by fitting it with JMAK. We start the validation of our model in 2D with published results.Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, 53 reference

Magneto-Optical and Multiferroic Properties of Transition-Metal (Fe, Co, or Ni)-Doped ZnO Layers Deposited by ALD

ZnO doped with transition metals (Co, Fe, or Ni) that have non-compensated electron spins attracts particular interest as it can induce various magnetic phenomena and behaviors. The advanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique makes it possible to obtain very thin layers of doped ZnO with controllable thicknesses and compositions that are compatible with the main microelectronic technologies, which further boosts the interest. The present study provides an extended analysis of the magneto optical MO Kerr effect and the dielectric properties of (Co, Fe, or Ni)-doped ZnO films prepared by ALD. The structural, magneto optical, and dielectric properties were considered in relation to the technological details of the ALD process and the corresponding dopant effects. All doped samples show a strong MO Kerr behavior with a substantial magnetization response and very high values of the Kerr polarization angle, especially in the case of ZnO/Fe. In addition, the results give evidence that Fe-doped ZnO also demonstrates a ferroelectric behavior. In this context, the observed rich and versatile physical nature and functionality open up new prospects for the application of these nanostructured materials in advanced electronic, spintronic, and optical devices

Differential Mitochondrial Toxicity Screening and Multi- Parametric Data Analysis

Early evaluation of new drug entities for their potential to cause mitochondrial dysfunction is becoming an important task for drug development. Multi-parametric high-content screening (mp-HCS) of mitochondrial toxicity holds promise as a lead in-vitro strategy for drug testing and safety evaluations. In this study, we have developed a mp-HCS and multi-parametric data analysis scheme for assessing cell responses to induced mitochondrial perturbation. The mp-HCS measurements are shown to be robust enough to allow for quantitative comparison of biological systems with different metabolic pathways simulated by alteration of growth media. Substitution of medium glucose for galactose sensitized cells to drug action and revealed novel response parameters. Each compound was quantitatively characterized according to induced phenotypic changes of cell morphology and functionality measured by fluorescent biomarkers for mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane permeability, and nuclear morphology. Descriptors of drug effects were established by generation of a SCRIT (Specialized-Cell-Response-to-Induced-Toxicity) vector, consisting of normalized statistical measures of each parameter at each dose and growth condition. The dimensionality of SCRIT vectors depends on the number of parameters chosen, which in turn depends on the hypothesis being tested. Specifically, incorporation of three parameters of response into SCRIT vectors enabled clustering of 84 training compounds with known pharmacological and toxicological activities according to the degree of toxicity and mitochondrial involvement. Inclusion of 6 parameters enabled the resolution of more subtle differences between compounds within a common therapeutic class; scoring enabled a ranking of statins in direct agreement with clinical outcomes. Comparison of drug-induced changes required variations in glucose for separation of mitochondrial dysfunction from other types of cytotoxicity. These results also demonstrate that the number of drugs in a training set, the choice of parameters used in analysis, and statistical measures are fundamental for specific hypothesis testing and assessment of quantitative phenotypic differences

Legal protection of inventions within medical practice in Ukraine

Legal protection of inventions within medical practice in Ukraine / Bezpalova О.I., Yusupov V.A., Avramova O.Ye., Krasiuk T.V., Larina N.B. // Wiadomości Lekarskie. 2019. Tom LXXII. № 3. p. 484-488. http://wl.medlist.org/2019_03_30/The aim of this article is theoretical and practical study of the legal protection of medical inventions in Ukraine based on the analysis of Ukrainian patent law, issued patents for inventions applied within medical practice, as well as data from the State Expert Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukrain

The methodological basis of the functioning of the concept of “academic integrity” in Ukraine: administrative and legal analysis

Куліш, А. М. «Академічна доброчесність» в Україні: місце в освітньому процесі та законодовче регулювання / Куліш Анатолій Миколайович, Дуліба Євгенія Володимирівна, Миргород-Карпова Валерія Валеріївна, Аврамова Ольга Євгенівна // Наукові записки [Центральноукр. держ. пед. ун-ту імені Володимира Винниченка]. Сер.: Право. – 2022. – Вип. 12. – С. 258-265. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2022-12-258-265.Розглянуто основи утворення академічної доброчесності на міжнародній арені та в національному просторі. Вказано, що освітній процес є динамічним, оскільки наповнений постійними реформами, модернізаціями, удосконаленнями, а також вступом нових талановитих і здібних студентів. Разом із нововведеннями щодо освітнього процесу з’являються нові виклики та проблеми в отриманні якісної освіти. Все більше студентів знецінюють важливість якості освіти та використовують механізми для полегшення виконання наукових робіт. Такі механізми у національному законодавстві визначаються як «академічна недоброчесність». Розглянуто особливості впровадження академічної доброчесності у XX столітті та проаналізовано основоположні поняття у цій сфері. Акцентовано увагу на проблемах та передумовах порушення доброчесності студентами. За результатами опитування, встановлено, що вмотивованість викладача дуже впливає на бажання студентів навчатись. А завищений обсяг наукових робіт, та вимоги, які не відповідають інтелектуальному рівню відповідно до року навчання, спонукає використовувати плагіат. Наголошено, що освітні заклади повинні контролювати це питання. Також необхідно донести до студентів ту думку, що у випадку недотримання принципів академічної доброчесності розвиток науки постає під загрозою, адже саме молоді вчені є каталізатором змін.The article is devoted to the foundations of the formation of academic integrity in the international arena and in the national space. It is indicated that education is a priority for any modern state, because the future of Ukraine depends on the graduates of educational institutions. The educational process is dynamic, as it is filled with constant reforms, modernizations, improvements, as well as the admission of new talented and capable students. Along with innovations in the educational process, new challenges and problems in obtaining quality education appear. More and more students underestimate the importance of quality education and use mechanisms to facilitate the performance of scientific works. The article emphasizes that such mechanisms are defined as "academic dishonesty" in national legislation. The peculiarities of the implementation of academic integrity in the 20th century were considered and the fundamental concepts in this field were analyzed. Attention is focused on the problems and prerequisites of violation of integrity by students. In the article, special attention is paid to the question of the prerequisites for the students' desire not to observe the rules of academic integrity. A survey was conducted among students regarding the causes of academic dishonesty. As a result, it was established that the teacher's motivation greatly affects the students' desire to learn. Also, according to the results of the survey, it was determined that the inflated volume of scientific works, and requirements that do not correspond to the intellectual level according to the year of study, encourages the use of plagiarism. It was concluded that educational institutions should control this issue. It is also necessary to convey to students the idea that in case of non-compliance with the principles of academic integrity, the development of science is in danger, because it is young scientists who are the catalyst for change.Рассмотрены основы образования академической добродетели на международной арене и в национальном пространстве. Указано, что образовательный процесс динамичен, поскольку наполнен постоянными реформами, модернизациями, усовершенствованиями, а также вступлением новых талантливых и способных студентов. Вместе с новшествами в образовательном процессе появляются новые вызовы и проблемы в получении качественного образования. Все большее количество студентов обесценивают важность качества образования и используют механизмы для облегчения выполнения научных работ. Такие механизмы в национальном законодательстве определяются как академическая недоброчестность. Рассмотрены особенности внедрения академической добродетели в XX веке и проанализированы основополагающие понятия в этой сфере. Акцентировано внимание на проблемах и предпосылках нарушения добродетели студентами. По результатам опроса установлено, что мотивированность преподавателя оказывает большое влияние на желание студентов учиться. А завышенный объем научных работ и требования, не отвечающие интеллектуальному уровню в соответствии с годом обучения, побуждает использовать плагиат. Отмечено, что образовательные учреждения должны контролировать этот вопрос. Также необходимо донести до студентов то мнение, что в случае несоблюдения принципов академической добродетели, развитие науки возникает под угрозой, ведь именно молодые ученые являются катализатором изменений

Reforming sanitary-epidemiological service in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: an exploratory study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Public health services in the Soviet Union and its satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe were delivered through centrally planned and managed networks of sanitary-epidemiological (san-epid) facilities. Many countries sought to reform this service following the political transition in the 1990s. In this paper we describe the major themes within these reforms.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A review of literature was conducted. A conceptual framework was developed to guide the review, which focused on the two traditional core public health functions of the san-epid system: communicable disease surveillance, prevention and control and environmental health. The review included twenty-two former communist countries in the former Soviet Union (fSU) and in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The countries studied fall into two broad groups. Reforms were more extensive in the CEE countries than in the fSU. The CEE countries have moved away from the former centrally managed san-epid system, adopting a variety of models of decentralization. The reformed systems remain mainly funded centrally level, but in some countries there are contributions by local government. In almost all countries, epidemiological surveillance and environmental monitoring remained together under a single organizational umbrella but in a few responsibilities for environmental health have been divided among different ministries.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Progress in reform of public health services has varied considerably. There is considerable scope to learn from the differing experiences but also a need for rigorous evaluation of how public health functions are provided.</p