Efecto del dimetilsulfóxido en un modelo de nefrotoxicidad inducida por gentamicina en conejos

Teniendo en consideración las múltiples teorías fisiopatológicas que sugieren una posible naturaleza multifactorial que pueda explicar en gran medida la nefrotoxicidad inducida por aminoglicósidos y las limitadas evidencias que hasta ahora revelan los estudios científicos realizados al respecto, es posible encontrar un contexto favorable a las hipótesis fisiopatológicas sobre el rol que protagonizan el estrés oxidativo, la liberación de radicales libres, y la utilización de barredores de radicales libres como el DMSO, en un intento por demostrar su potencial efectividad como agente nefroprotector. Dada la relativa facilidad de acceso al DMSO en nuestro medio y la evidencia disponible sobre su papel nefroprotector en modelos animales de lesión renal por isquemia-reperfusión, ¿Será posible implementar una pauta terapéutica en un modelo animal para atenuar e inclusive revertir una LRA inducida por Gentamicina

Drying Agrochemical Droplets on Model Surfaces

This project addressed the mechanism of the action of surfactants, used as agrochemical adjuvants, and the physico-chemical interaction between adjuvants and a fungicide active ingredient (AI), on a model surface. The first part of the project studied the influence of surfaces with different wettabilities on the mode of evaporation for water droplets, as a reference, and then with different surfactant solutions at different concentrations with and without the addition of AI. In order to do that, a reproducible method to print droplets with the specific size for agrochemical applications was developed. The internal flows for different agrochemical solutions were studied to understand the transport of surfactants and particles within the droplets. Two main agrochemical formulations were used: an alkyl ethoxylate surfactant (Surf1) and an amidoamine-based surfactant (Surf2) both with the addition of a fungicide called Tebuconazole resulting in a suspension and an emulsion respectively. The properties of the bulk solutions were analysed by surface tensiometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) to determine the ability of these surfactants to form micelles and solubilise a hydrophobic active ingredient (AI). Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) showed that only Surf1 formed micelles. There was no difference in the diffusion coefficient for Surf2 at any of the concentrations tested, from which it can be concluded that Surf2 does not form micelles. The evaporation of droplets made of different solutions gave different dried deposits on a substrate. Different strategies were developed to control the deposit structure in order to inhibit the coffee-ring effect (CRE): i) a sol-gel transition in a suspension of a nanoparticle clay (Laponite) and ii) silica particles; both added to the alkyl ethoxylate surfactant. The addition of Laponite and silica particles increased the surface tension of the final formulations at any of the concentrations. The purpose of these two strategies was to obtain more uniform deposits so that the amount of surfactant and AI were more equal along the deposit. However, Laponite formed uniform deposits because the contact line (CL) receded producing deposits of a smaller area and silica particles did not suppress the CRE. “Superspreaders” such as Silwet Gold, an vi organosilicone surfactant, and Capstone® FS30, a fluorosurfactant, were added to the amidoamine-based surfactant in order to lower the contact angle of the oil drops after drying to increase the contact between the agrochemical solution and the surface, and thus increase the efficacy. The contact angle of the small droplets inside the deposit was lower when Silwet Gold was added to Surf2 + AI at 0.03 wt%. The morphology of the dried deposit and the spatial distribution of the AI particles were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the chemical composition was analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. A Raman imaging system was developed to improve the ability to map compounds on a surface. Raman imaging had the required sensitivity to confirm the co-localization of surfactant and AI molecules in the dried deposit. A quantitative method to achieve compositions by Raman spectroscopy was developed. The last part of the thesis consists of a study of the penetration of AI through the cuticle of Clivia Regel Minata in a Franz diffusion cell by two different methods: infinite dose system and simulation of foliar penetration (SOFP). Clivia is selected as a model plant as it does not have stomata that might affect the transport of AI1. The penetration of AI was improved by the addition of surfactant to the formulation. Surfactants below the CMC behaved very similarly to the surfactant-free formulations. Surfactants above CMC or above the solubility limit showed the highest penetration for the infinite dose experiments. In SOFP, the difference in AI penetration between the formulations were not significantly different. Franz cell diffusion is a useful method to study the trends for the penetration of AI through the cuticles of the leaves, however, the leaf-to-leaf variation is still too large to draw firm conclusions about foliar efficiency

Contribución al estudio de las Labiadas bonarenses : clave para las especies existentes en la Capital Federal y sus alrededores

Fil: Acevedo, Axa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Clinical Characteristics and Management of Pediatric Eye Trauma in National Tertiary Eye Hospital in Indonesia

Eye trauma is a major cause of vision problems in children, leading to visual impairment and blindness. This issue has significant global implications, affecting children psychologically and socially. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, 66% of all eye traumas occur in individuals under 16, with the highest occurrence between ages 9 and 11. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using medical records of pediatric patients aged 0 - 18 years who experienced eye trauma from January to December 2022 at the National Eye Center-Cicendo Eye Hospital. There were 190 patients included in this study. The majority of patients were male (69.47%) and the most common age group affected was 6 - 12 years (33.16%). Leading causes of eye trauma were blunt trauma (58.95%). The common management for eye trauma in this study is operative or medical procedures (67,37%) This study provides valuable information on the characteristics and management of eye trauma in children, which can contribute to the development of prevention strategies and appropriate interventions. Understanding the patterns of eye trauma and implementing comprehensive care can help prevent blindness and minimize visual impairment.   Keywords: Eye Trauma; Children; Managemen

Energy Efficiency Influence on Building Value According to Present Cost Value Method

The house`s value based on its energy efficiency, constitutes a valuation process that is sustained in the economic yield of a building; every time that has settled down an efficiently power building, it is characterized to offer to his usuary savings in his power consumptions without it affects the thermal comfort. The energy efficiency can be described and, this qualification constitutes a judgment element to establish elements of judgment been worth to differentiate the constructions through its quality. Particularly the houses, are the constructions but susceptible to be classified by means of the degree of energy efficiency that these can offer from the beginning to their users of the diminution of the consumption of final energy. This energic qualification can be obtained by means of the use of programs of computation designed to carry out the simulation of the thermal behavior of the constructions and since the obtained results this construction through the analysis of the cost in present value can be valued from the optics of the energy efficiency, which is sustained in the advance payment of the cash flo

TINJAUAN PIQIH MUAMALAH TEHADAP PENGUPAHAN TUKANG BANGUNAN RUMAH (Studi Kasus Desa Tanjung Berulak Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau)

ABSTRAK Muhammad axa dorizo (2024): Tinjauan Fiqih Muamalah terhadap Pengupahan Tukang Pembangunan Rumah di Desa Tanjung Berulak Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan dalam pengupahan tukang yang mana tidak sesuai dengan perjanjian. Rumusan masalah yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana Prantik Sistem pengupahan tukang pembuatan rumah pada Desa Tanjung Berulak? (2) Apa yang melatarbelakangi adanya pembagian bonus dalam pembuatan rumah di desa Tanjung berulak?. (3) Bagaimana Tinjauan fiqih muamalah terhadap pengupahan tukang bangunan dalam pembuatan rumah di desa Tanjung berulak?. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pengupahan tukang bangunan dalam pembuatan rumah menurut Fiqih Muamalah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (Field research), Penulis mengambil lokasi di Desa Tanjung Berulak, dengan jumlah informan sebanyak 4 orang yang terdiri dari satu pemilik rumah, Satu kepala tukang, Satu pembantu tukang dan satu kenek tukang Data primer penelitian ini di peroleh langsung dari lapangan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data seperti : observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka serta dokumentasi. Sedangkan metode analisa data yang dipergunakan adalah metode analisa deskriptif kualitatif yaitu setelah data terkumpul dikelompkkan menjadi bebrapa bagian berdasarkan kesamaan jenis data tersebut. Kemudian data tersebut dihubungkan antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Sehingga diperoleh gambaran masalah yang diteliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini bahwa Praktik sistem pengupahan buruh bangunan yang terjadi di Desa Desa Tanjung Berulak Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar adalah upah yang dibayarkan perhari, upah yang dibayarkan sesuai akad yang telah disebutkan pada awal perjanjian. Kemudian pada saat pekerjaan ditambah jam kerja atau lembur, Tetapi pada saat bangunan selesai dikerjakan, upah yang diterima tidak sesuai dengan pekerjaan yang telah mereka kerjakan. Faktor yang melatarbelakangi adanya pembagian keuntungan borongan pembangunan rumah:Untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan motivasi para pekerja,Hak pekerja. Dalam tinjauan Fiqh Muamalah, praktik sistem pengupahan pekerja buruh yang terjadi di Desa Tanjung Berulak sudah memenuhi rukun, tetapi syarat nya belum terpenuhi dimana praktik pengupahan yang belum sesuai dengan konsep hukum Islam. Karena upah yang diberikan upahnya masih dibawah pasaran dan Upah yang diberikan tidak sepadan dengan pekerjaan yang telah diselesaikan dan dianggap sangat rendah serta tidak memenuhi unsur atau asas pengupahan upah yaitu asas kewajaran dan asas kelayakan. Kata kunci : Upah, Fiqih Muamalah, Tanjung Berula

Appraisal and discernment of prevalent drug-drug interactions in patients with psychiatric disorders

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) contribute majorly to hospital admissions, treatment failures, avoidable medical complications and subsequent healthcare costs. Thus, we employ a mechanistic approach to prospectively investigate the incidence of potential DDIs in the psychiatric patients in a clinical setting.Methods: In this prospective, observational, multi centred study conducted for a span of 6 months, psychiatric inpatients (≥18 years) prescribed with 2 or more medications daily for any medical illness were included. The secured prescriptions of the inpatients selected in accordance to the inclusion criteria were then assessed for DDIs using Micromedex(TM) as a standard.Results: Of the total 400 enrolled participants, 383 (95%) of them showed at least one pDDI regardless of the severity. An average of 7.33 interactions per patient was also deduced. A high prevalence of pDDIs totalling to 2900 was recorded in our study with an average of 7.33 interactions per patient.  Most of the interactions were of major (56.52%) and moderate severity (39.07) followed by contraindicated (2.55) and minor (1.83). Cardiovascular system (41.77%) had the highest potential to be affected due to the pDDIs identified. Trihexyphenidyl, haloperidol, promethazine, amisulpride, risperidone, divalproex, trifluoperazine, olanzapine and clozapine where among the most commonly encountered drugs in these interactions.Conclusions: A high prevalence of pDDIs totalling to 2900 was recorded in our study with an average of 7.33 interactions per patient.  A significant association of the pDDIs with variables such as age, gender, diagnosis and total number of drugs used was identified. More studies are required to explore the overall pattern of DDIs in psychiatric patients along with their levels and correlation with different risk factors. Careful monitoring and documentation are necessary to prevent further complications thereby improving the therapeutic outcome

First step Español teacher lesson guide

This lesson guide is written for teachers who have little or no knowledge of the language and are not trained to teach a foreign language. Since the purpose of First Step Español is exposure to the Spanish language, the major portion of the ten video lessons is totally in Spanish. Use this lesson guide and the other accompanying components to take the greatest advantage of the First Step series and to maximize your student’s learning