Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated From Urine Specimens at a Tertiary Care Setting

OBJECTIVES: To find out the frequency and pattern of conventional antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli cultured from urine specimens of patients at a tertiary care setting. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted at the Microbiology Department of Combined Military Hospital Multan from June 2016 to May 2017. The data in this retrospective descriptive study was collected from urine culture records of the Microbiology Department, CMH Multan. Only those urine specimens who revealed positive gram-negative bacilli cultures were included in the study. Drug susceptibility patterns of these isolates were recorded against routinely used antibiotics (e.g. Nitrofurantoin, Imipenem, Sulbactum-cefoperazone, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin) and evaluated accordingly. RESULTS: A total of 1703 urine specimens were submitted for culture and antibiotics susceptibility testing during the period of study. A total of 128 specimens showed growth of gram-negative rods. Imipenem (95% sensitivity), Sulbactam- Cefoperazone (88% sensitivity) and Nitrofurantoin (87% sensitivity) were highly effective antibiotics against the cultured gram-negative bacilli in the study. CONCLUSION: This study showed that E. coli is the commonest cause of urinary tract infection (UTIs), followed by Klebsiella and Enterobacter species among gram-negative bacilli in our set up. In-vitro efficacy of Imipenem, Sulbactam- Cefoperazone and Nitrofurantoin was found to be the highest against these gram-negative bacilli as compared to other antimicrobials. On the contrary, in-vitro efficacy of ciprofloxacin and gentamycin was found to be extremely low

IMPROVING PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL IN THE SERVICES OPERATION ENVIRONMENT BY USING THE 6S TECHNIQUE

In today's business land-scape, more is needed for companies to have a solid organizational system and values; they must also continuously improve their quality management systems to ensure zero accidents and complete safety. With intense competition among organizations to produce quality products, creating a positive and productive workplace for employees is a common challenge. Modern technology and the latest methods must be utilized to achieve desired goals and overcome industry challenges. One of the most modern and latest techniques available to organizations is the 6S methodology, which can help achieve industry goals. This study targets to assess the current level of project management planning and control, determine the awareness and understanding of the 6S methodology, and evaluate its impact on project management planning and control. We have chosen a questionnaire methodology for this quantitative research to examine the relationship between familiarity with the 6S methodology and its implementation in a service operating environment. This study will provide insights and recommendations on incorporating the 6S methodology into project management planning and control in a service operating environment. To ensure the successful implementation of the 6S methodology, organizations should provide adequate training and resources to their project management teams and encourage collaboration and communication among team members

Stable Field Emitters for a Miniature X-ray Tube Using Carbon Nanotube Drop Drying on a Flat Metal Tip

Stable carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters for a vacuum-sealed miniature X-ray tube have been fabricated. The field emitters with a uniform CNT coating are prepared by a simple drop drying of a CNT mixture solution that is composed of chemically modified multi-walled CNTs, silver nanoparticles, and isopropyl alcohol on flat tungsten tips. A highly thermal- and electrical-conductive silver layer strongly attaches CNTs to the tungsten tips. Consequently, the field emitters exhibit good electron emission stability: continuous electron emission of around 100 μA at 2.3 V/μm has stably lasted over 40 h even at non-high vacuum ambient (~10−3 Pa)

Design of X-ray Target for a CNT-based High-brightness Microfocus X-ray Tube

전자빔원으로 탄소나노튜브에 기초를 두고 있는 고휘도 마이크로빔 X선원용 타겟이 설계되었다. X-선원은 다음과 같은 제원을 따른다. 1×1011 phs/s.mm2. mrad2 고휘도, 5 mm의 빔의 크기, 20~40 keV 평균 X-선 에너지. 제원을 만족시키기 위해서 구성, 물질, 타겟의 두께와 필요한 빔전류와 같은 타겟의 설계 변수들은 MCNPX code를 통해서 최적화되었다. 설계 변수들은 투과형 타겟 구조를 위해 X-선원의 스펙트럼과 세기의 분포의 계산으로부터 결정되었다. 진공압력과 국소화된 열의 누적을 견디기 위한 투과형 타겟 구조를 위해서 구조적인 안정성과 온도 분포도 또한 고려되었다. 타겟 물질은 몰리보덴으로 선택되었고 최적화된 두께는 2 mm로서 150 mm 두께의 베릴륨이 붙여져 있다. 부가적으로 투과형 타겟의 최대 온도가 안정적인 작동의 한계 내에서 유지될 수 있다는 것을 계산을 통하여 알게 되었다

Optimization of X-ray target parameters for a high-brightness microfocus X-ray tube

Parameters of a transmission-type X-ray target have been optimized for a microfocus X-ray tube with an emphasis on maximizing the intensity of X-rays generated from the target while reducing the X-ray focal spot size. Monte Carlo simulation code MCNPX was used for the calculation of X-ray intensity generated from the X-ray tube. The calculation shows that the target thickness plays a dominant role in the enhancement of X-ray intensity. The optimum thickness to get maximum X-ray intensity for a given beam current was derived from the calculation for a broad range of electron energies from 30 keV to 150 keV. In addition, stability of a transmission-type target against localized thermal loading, which is attributed to the electron beam impinging on a micron-sized target region, was also investigated by the calculation of the temperature distribution within the target. From the analysis, we present the maximum allowable electron-beam power loading for a stable operation of the transmission-type target at different incident electron beam energies. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated From Urine Specimens at a Tertiary Care Setting

OBJECTIVES: To find out the frequency and pattern of conventional antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli cultured from urine specimens of patients at a tertiary care setting. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted at the Microbiology Department of Combined Military Hospital Multan from June 2016 to May 2017. The data in this retrospective descriptive study was collected from urine culture records of the Microbiology Department, CMH Multan. Only those urine specimens who revealed positive gram-negative bacilli cultures were included in the study. Drug susceptibility patterns of these isolates were recorded against routinely used antibiotics (e.g. Nitrofurantoin, Imipenem, Sulbactum-cefoperazone, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin) and evaluated accordingly. RESULTS: A total of 1703 urine specimens were submitted for culture and antibiotics susceptibility testing during the period of study. A total of 128 specimens showed growth of gram-negative rods. Imipenem (95% sensitivity), Sulbactam- Cefoperazone (88% sensitivity) and Nitrofurantoin (87% sensitivity) were highly effective antibiotics against the cultured gram-negative bacilli in the study. CONCLUSION: This study showed that E. coli is the commonest cause of urinary tract infection (UTIs), followed by Klebsiella and Enterobacter species among gram-negative bacilli in our set up. In-vitro efficacy of Imipenem, Sulbactam- Cefoperazone and Nitrofurantoin was found to be the highest against these gram-negative bacilli as compared to other antimicrobials. On the contrary, in-vitro efficacy of ciprofloxacin and gentamycin was found to be extremely low.</jats:p