Le Projet Linguistique d’établissement et le curriculum intégré : deux outils pédagogiques indispensables à l´enseignement bilingue.

En la presente colaboración tratamos de resaltar la importancia que adquiere el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística de nuestros alumnos de la ESO, a través de dos instrumentos pedagógicos y didácticos complementarios: el Proyecto Lingüístico de Centro y el “currículo integrado”. En este artículo ofrecemos al lector un conjunto de argumentaciones lingüísticas y metodológicas, las cuales le ayudarán, sin duda a comprender que el “currículo integrado” adquiere su pleno sentido al ser considerado como parte del eje vertebrador en el que se integran todos los aprendizajes efectuados a través de la L2. Nuestras afirmaciones son completadas con una ejemplificación de secuenciación de contenidos para un área no lingüística del currículo escolar.Through this collaboration, we try to emphasize the importance of development of our students of ESO language skills through two complementary tools pedagogical and didactical namely: language project of the centre and the integrated curriculum. In this paper, we propose to drive a set of linguistic and methodological arguments which will no doubt help understand the integrated curriculum makes sense and must be considered as the backbone of all courses and apprenticeships in L2. We have add-ins to amplify the sequences for students enrolled in non-linguistic area.Grâce á cette collaboration, nous essayons de souligner l´importance du développement des compétences linguistiques de nos étudiants de ESO, et ce à travers deux outils complémentaires à la fois pédagogiques et didactiques à savoir : le projet linguistique d’établissement et le curriculum intégré. Dans cet article, nous proposons au lecteur un ensemble d´argumentations linguistiques et méthodologiques qui aideront sans doute à comprendre que le cursus intégré prend tout son sens et doit être considéré comme l´épine dorsale de tous les cours et apprentissages dispensés en L2. Nos propositions sont complétées par des exemples de séquences de contenus destinées aux élèves inscrits dans les DNLs

An autopsy study of a familial oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) with distal spread and neurogenic involvement

An 81-year-old man from a family with a history of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) involving 6 members over 4 generations is described. The patient first noted drooping of his eyelids at the age of 65. Dysphagia and dysarthria occurred soon thereafter. At age 78, impairment of gait developed and progressive wasting occurred in the limbs with an initial distal distribution. Electromyography of several limb muscles displayed a mixed myopathic and neurogenic pattern with giant potentials. Examination at autopsy revealed slight loss of neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord, with scanty ghost cells, neuronophagia, and central chromatolysis. By light microscopy the limb muscles showed moderate small-group atrophy with severe myopathy and target fibers. The viscerocranial muscles, including the ocular, vocal, and tongue muscles, demonstrated only myopathic change with the typical features of progressive muscular dystrophy. Advanced replacement by fibrous connective tissue and fat had occurred in both the viscerocranial and the lower limb muscles. The significance of neurogenic involvement in OPMD is discussed

Judicial Councils Everywhere? Judicial Administration in Europe, with a Focus on the Nordic Countries

Judicial Councils have been advocated by European institutions in order to safeguard judicial independence in Europe. Based on the fact that more than 80% of member states in the Council of Europe, including the Nordic countries, report having Judicial Councils in a 2021 CCJE survey, this article explores the origins and development in competences and composition of such bodies. The administration of the highly trusted judiciaries in the Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Iceland) is particularly scrutinized. A striking characteristic of the bodies responsible for the governance of the judiciaries in the Nordic countries is the lack of competences within a personnel dimension (appointments, promotions and evaluation of judges etc.). These competences are at the core of the mandate of many Judicial Councils elsewhere in Europe. The recommendation that a majority of members should be judges elected by their peers has, on the other hand, gained ground in recent reforms, and prompted proposals for reform of the Nordic judiciaries. However, the comparisons carried out in this article do not answer how a Judicial Council should be ideally set up, and which competences such a body needs to safeguard judicial independence. Nevertheless, the findings of this article tentatively suggest that there is not only one approach for judicial administration. Much more comparative research should be conducted to investigate such different models to safeguard judicial independence.publishedVersio

Europoakonvensjonens "immunisering" av massemediene

See abstract in article

Europoakonvensjonens "immunisering" av massemediene

See abstract in article