ATTAI VIDAL (LEECH THERAPY) IN SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE AND THEIR CURRENT CONCEPT IN THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION - A REVIEW

The Siddha system of medicine is an unique traditional system of medicine practiced in Tamil speaking countries particularly India. In Siddha system of medicine the diseases were treated through internal and external medicine. In external medicine, the leech therapy is one which is used to treat various non-surgical and surgical cases. The leeches have been used for therapeutic purposes since their beginning of civilisation. Ancient Indian, Egyptian, Greek and Arab physicians were used the leeches for wide range of diseases such as inflammatory condition, skin diseases, respiratory disorders, eye diseases, cardiac diseases, urinary and reproductive diseases and dental diseases. The leeches are also used as one of the bloodletting methods in Unani, Ayurveda, and Modern science for various clinical conditions. Recently, researches on leech saliva revealed the presence nearly 100 biologically active compounds such as Hirudin, vasodilators, hyaluronidase, anaesthetics, fibrinases, antibacterial, collagenase etc. The above mentioned pharmacological compounds are injected into human body while sucking of the blood and are responsible for the anaesthetic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and analgesic effect of leech application. In current scenario, the leech therapy is used for various diseases including life threatening diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. in different system of medicine including modern medicine. Leech therapy is used in plastic and microsurgery as a protective tool against vascular congestion in modern medicine. The Scientific studies on leech saliva were proven and support the leech application in Siddha system of medicine

Handwritten Digits and Optical Characters Recognition

The process of transcribing a language represented in its spatial form of graphical characters into its symbolic representation is called handwriting recognition. Each script has a collection of characters or letters, often known as symbols, that all share the same fundamental shapes. Handwriting analysis aims to correctly identify input characters or images before being analysed by various automated process systems. Recent research in image processing demonstrates the significance of image content retrieval. Optical character recognition (OCR) systems can extract text from photographs and transform that text to ASCII text. OCR is beneficial and essential in many applications, such as information retrieval systems and digital libraries

Encryption and Decryption of Images with Pixel Data Modification Using Hand Gesture Passcodes

To ensure data security and safeguard sensitive information in society, image encryption and decryption as well as pixel data modifications, are essential. To avoid misuse and preserve trust in our digital environment, it is crucial to use these technologies responsibly and ethically. So, to overcome some of the issues, the authors designed a way to modify pixel data that would hold the hidden information. The objective of this work is to change the pixel values in a way that can be used to store information about black and white image pixel data. Prior to encryption and decryption, by using Python we were able to construct a passcode with hand gestures in the air, then encrypt it without any data loss. It concentrates on keeping track of simply two pixel values. Thus, pixel values are slightly changed to ensure the masked image is not misleading. Considering that the RGB values are at their border values of 254, 255 the test cases of masking overcome issues with the corner values susceptibility

Quantitative differences in intestinal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in obese Indian children

Gut bacteria contribute to energy conservation in man through their ability to ferment unabsorbed carbohydrate. The present study examined the composition of predominant faecal microbiota in obese and non-obese children. The participants (n 28) aged 11-14 years provided fresh faecal samples and completed a dietary survey consisting of 24 h diet recall and a FFQ of commonly used foods taken over the previous 3 months. Faecal bacteria were quantitated by real-time PCR using primers targeted at 16S rDNA. Of the participants, fifteen (seven female) were obese, with median BMI-for-age at the 99th percentile (range 97 to<99) while thirteen participants (seven female) were normal weight, with median BMI-for age being at the 50th percentile (range 1-85). Consumption of energy, carbohydrates, fat and protein was not significantly different between the obese and non-obese participants. There was no significant difference between the two groups in faecal levels of Bacteroides-Prevotella, Bifidobacterium species, Lactobacillus acidophilus group or Eubacterium rectale. Levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were significantly higher in obese children than in non-obese participants (P = 0.0253). We concluded that the finding of increased numbers of F. prausnitzii in the faeces of obese children in south India adds to the growing information on alterations in faecal microbiota in obesity

A Tale of Two Transients: GW 170104 and GRB 170105A

We present multi-wavelength follow-up campaigns by the AstroSat CZTI and GROWTH collaborations in search of an electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational wave event GW 170104. At the time of the GW 170104 trigger, the AstroSat CZTI field of view covered 50.3% of the sky localization. We do not detect any hard X-ray (>100 keV) signal at this time, and place an upper limit of $\approx 4.5\times {10}^{-7}\,\mathrm{erg}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}$, for a 1 s timescale. Separately, the ATLAS survey reported a rapidly fading optical source dubbed ATLAS17aeu in the error circle of GW 170104. Our panchromatic investigation of ATLAS17aeu shows that it is the afterglow of an unrelated long, soft GRB 170105A, with only a fortuitous spatial coincidence with GW 170104. We then discuss the properties of this transient in the context of standard long GRB afterglow models

Recurrence Quantification Analysis of EEG signals for Children with ASD

438-448The present study aims at identifying the brain response for auditory/visual stimuli in typically developing (TD) and children with autism through electroencephalography (EEG). Early diagnoses do help in customized training and progressing the children in regular stream. To reveal the underlying brain dynamics, non-linear analysis was employed. In the current study, Recurrent Quantification Analysis (RQA) with varying parameters was analyzed. For better information retrieval, cosine distance metric is additionally considered for analysis and compared with other distance metrics in RQA. Each computational combination of RQA is measured and the responding channels were analyzed and discussed. It was observed that the FAN neighborhood with cosine distance parameters was able to discriminate between ASD and TD prominently

Assessment of Respiratory Health among Selected Leather Manufacturing Workers of Urban Puducherry

Globally, industrial workers are exposed to various chemicals and particulate pollutions frequently, which act as causative agent for chronic respiratory diseases. In the developing, chronic lung diseases are mostly related to occupations. Leather industries are significant contributions to the nation’s economy but they are potentially hazardous to the environment and to the workers, which causes health problems including chronic respiratory disease. Puducherry has small scale and medium scaled leather manufacturing units particularly in the urban zones yet there is lack of data of data on respiratory health conditions among leather workers in the region. Therefore, this study aims to assess the respiratory health implications among selected leather manufacturing workers in urban Puducherry. The findings will contribute to improving occupational health practices and promoting safer work environments in the local leather manufacturing sector related lung diseases. A cross sectional study was conducted after getting clearance from Scientific Research Committee and Institutional Human Ethics Committee in the Selected Leather Industry, where a total of 700 workers were employed. A face-to-face interview was conducted using pre-designed (pre-validated) questionnaire. A pre-calibrated portable spirometer enabled with Bluetooth connectivity was used to record the Spirometry measurements of the participants. The current study shows 64% of leather manufacturing workers in urban Puducherry showed abnormal pulmonary function, with 25% having moderate, 19% moderately severe, and 5% severe impairment. Only 4% reported using personal protective equipment, despite 49.2% having over 20 years of occupational exposure suggesting that age, along with the exposure at the workplace and BMI may cause increase in impaired pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms among leather factory workers. Medical examinations of the workers are recommended for screening and preventing function impairments. So, this kind of kind of will be help in early detection of the disease and further follow up will help prevention of diseases