PMiner: Process Mining using Deep Autoencoder for Anomaly Detection and Reconstruction of Business Processes

We proposed a deep learning-based process mining framework known as PMiner for automatic detection of anomalies in business processes. Since there are thousands of business processes in real-time applications such as e-commerce, in the presence of concurrency, they are prone to exhibit anomalies. Such anomalies if not detected and rectified, cause severe damage to businesses in the long run. Our Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled framework PMiner takes business process event longs as input and detects anomalies using a deep autoencoder. The framework exploits a deep autoencoder technique which is well-known for Its ability to discriminate anomalies. We proposed an algorithm known as Intelligent Business Process Anomaly Detector (IBPAD) to realize the framework. This algorithm learns from historical data and performs encoding and decoding procedures to detect business process anomalies automatically. Our empirical results using the BPI Challenge dataset, released by the IEEE Task Force on Process Mining, revealed that PMiner outperforms state-of-the-art methods in detecting business process anomalies. This framework helps businesses to identify process anomalies and rectify them in time to leverage business continuity prospects

Design of Compact Zeroth-Order Resonant Antenna Based on CRLH TL

Metamaterial (MTM) Based Antennas are class of antennas inspired by metamaterials to enhance the capability of antenna.One of the new applications is the Zeroth-Order Resonant (ZOR) antenna, which is based on Composite Right Left Handed (CRLH) transmission lines(TLs) periodic structures. In addition, ZOR antenna is easy to fabricate and allows design freedoms. Small physical size, low cost, broad bandwidth & good efficiency are desirable features for an integrated antenna. This thesis presents the design and analysis of Asymmetric compact coplanar waveguide(ACPW)-fed zeroth-order resonant (ZOR) antenna. The antenna designed on a ACPW single layer where vias is used. The ZOR phenomenon is employed to reduce the antenna size. The Composite Right Left Handed (CRLH) unit cell on a single layer simplifies the fabrication process. In addition, the ACPW geometry provides high design freedom, so that bandwidth-extended ZOR antenna can be designed.As an advantage of the proposed method, the size of antenna is reduced, and the resonant frequency of zeroth-order mode is 4.57GHz with radiation efficiency of 75.36 %,simulated -10dB fractional bandwidth up to 9.24% and omni-directional peak gain of 1.93 dBi

Generation and Characterization of an scFv Directed against Site II of Rabies Glycoprotein

Recombinant antibody phage display technology is a vital tool that facilitates identification of specific binding molecules to a target enabling the rapid generation and selection of high affinity, fully human, or mouse antibody product candidates essentially directed towards disease target appropriate for antibody therapy. In this study, a recombinant single-chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv) A11 was isolated from immune spleen cells obtained from mice immunized with inactivated rabies virus (Pasteur strain) using standard methodology and was characterized for its specificity towards the rabies virus glycoprotein. Epitope mapping using peptide libraries and truncated glycoprotein polypeptides suggested that A11 bound to the antigenic site II of rabies glycoprotein against which a majority of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies are directed. The use of the above technology could, therefore, allow development of scFvs with different specificities against the rabies glycoprotein as an alternative to the more cumbersome protocols used for the development of monoclonal antibodies

A Potent Antibiotic-Loaded Bone-Cement Implant Against Staphylococcal Bone Infections

New antibiotics should ideally exhibit activity against drug-resistant bacteria, delay the development of bacterial resistance to them and be suitable for local delivery at desired sites of infection. Here, we report the rational design, via molecular-docking simulations, of a library of 17 candidate antibiotics against bone infection by wild-type and mutated bacterial targets. We screened this library for activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates and identified an antibiotic that exhibits potent activity against resistant strains and the formation of biofilms, decreases the chances of bacterial resistance and is compatible with local delivery via a bone-cement matrix. The antibiotic-loaded bone cement exhibited greater efficacy than currently used antibiotic-loaded bone cements against staphylococcal bone infections in rats. Potent and locally delivered antibiotic-eluting polymers may help address antimicrobial resistance

A single-dose intranasal live-attenuated codon deoptimized vaccine provides broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) continues its significant health and economic impact globally. Despite the success of spike-protein vaccines in preventing severe disease, long-lasting protection against emerging variants and the prevention of breakthrough infections and transmission remain elusive. We generate an intranasal live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, CDO-7N-1, using codon deoptimization. CDO-7N-1 shows highly attenuated replication and minimal or no lung pathology in vivo over multiple passages. It induces robust mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibody and T-cell subset responses, in mice (female K18-hACE2 and male HFH4-hACE2 mice), hamsters, and macaques triggered by a single immunization. Mice and hamsters vaccinated with CDO-7N-1 are protected from challenge with wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and other variants of concern. Serum from vaccinated animals neutralizes WT SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern (beta and delta), variants of interest (omicron XBB.1.5) and SARS-CoV-1. Antibody responses are sustained and enhanced by repeated immunization or infection with WT SARS-CoV-2. Immunity against all SARS-CoV-2 proteins by CDO-7N-1 should improve efficacy against future SARS-CoV-2 variants

The pseudokinase Madm and protein phosphatase PP4 control distinct aspects of synaptic plasticity at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction

Synapses are the fundamental structures that regulate the functionality of the neural circuit. The ability of the synapse to modulate its structure and function at a fast rate due to various sensory inputs provides the strength to the nervous system to incorporate new adaptations and behaviors in the animal. The synapses are very dynamic throughout the life of the animal starting from early development. Continuous events of formation and elimination of synapse, activation and inhibition of synaptic function are observed in almost all synapses. These processes occur at a high speed and require controlled cellular mechanisms. Imbalance in these processes results in defective nervous system and has been reported in many neurological disorders. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate process of synapse development maintenance and function. Kinases and phosphatases are the key regulators of cellular mechanisms. Understanding the function of these molecules in the neuron will shed light on the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Using Drosophila melanogaster larval neuromuscular junction as a model, Bulat et al. (2014) performed a large RNAi based screen targeting kinome and phosphatome of Drosophila to identify the essential kinases and phosphatases and found Myeloid leukemia factor-1 adaptor molecule (Madm) and Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) as novel regulators of synapse development and maintenance. The function of these molecules in the nervous system has not been reported and hence I investigated on the role of Madm and PP4 in the regulation of synapse development, maintenance and function. Myeloid leukemia factor-1 adaptor molecule (Madm), a ubiquitously expressing psuedokinase essentially functions to regulate synaptic growth, stability and function. Using a combination of genetic and high throughput imaging, I could demonstrate that Madm functions to regulate the synaptic growth and stability from the presynapse and synaptic organization form the postsynapse. Also, I could demonstrate that Madm functions in association with mTOR pathway to regulate synapse growth acting downstream of 4E-BP. In addition, using electrophysiology, we could demonstrate that Madm is essential for the basic synaptic transmission with an additive function of retrograde synaptic potentiation. In summary, I could demonstrate that Madm is a novel regulator of synaptic development, maintenance and function. Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4), a ubiquitously expressing protein phosphatase is involved in the regulation of multiple aspects of the nervous system. I could demonstrate that PP4 is essential for the development of nervous system and the metamorphosis. Using genetics and imaging analysis, I could demonstrate that loss of PP4 results in the abnormal morphology of cell organelles. In addition, I could show that loss of PP4 results in defective brain development with poorly developed structures. Altogether, in this study, I could demonstrate the importance of novel molecules, a pesudokinase Madm and protein phosphatases PP4 in the nervous system to regulate distinct aspects of the neuron