Transformations foncières dans les espaces périurbains en Afrique centrale soudanienne

International audienceDepuis les années 1970, les espaces périurbains d'Afrique centrale soudanienne connaissent une transformation foncière sans précédent. L'espace entre le rural et l'urbain devient un lieu privilégié de spéculation agricole et immobilière. L'étude vise à analyser les transformations foncières dans les espaces périurbains à travers l'examen de ses causes et conséquences. L'ethnographie des droits a été utilisée comme méthode de travail. Elle est basée sur des enquêtes pluridisciplinaires menées autour de Pala et N'Djaména au Tchad, Garoua, Maroua et Ngaoundéré au Cameroun, et Bangui en République centrafricaine. L'analyse diachronique a facilité la description de l'évolution des espaces urbains et la réduction des espaces agricoles. Du Nord-Cameroun au Nord-ouest de la RCA, en passant par le Tchad méridional, les villes connaissent une évolution démographique importante. La pression foncière transforme les terres rurales, dominées par l'agriculture familiale, en terrains de spéculations immobilière et agricole. C'est le cas d'énormes espaces à la périphérie de Ngaoundéré, acquis par des urbains qu'ils transforment en ranch. On en dénombre plus de 65 dans un rayon 50 km. La spéculation immobilière s'intensifie avec l'extension et la croissance de la population urbaine. C'est le cas du village Gbaloko situé à 16 km au nord-ouest de Bangui où 70 % d'agriculteurs ont perdu leur terre au profit de lotissements. Ce phénomène met en évidence l'insuffisance de concertation entre les différents acteurs et soulève le problème de la pérennité des instances locales

Transforming Lives and Communities: A case study on building partnerships in the Philippines through Appreciative Inquiry

The growing number of poor in the Philippines is alarming. Neither the national government nor any individual organization acting alone has been able to alleviate the rising percentage of poverty. With this prevalent need in the country, networks, alliances and partnerships among several organizations, including faith-based organizations, have been established to help respond to the needs of those living in poverty. OM Philippines–Cebu Ministries, a faith-based Christian organization was started in 2001. It has worked specifically among the poor through children’s programs in partnership with local Protestant churches. Like many NGOs, OM Philippines has been exploring new strategies to expand its work while incorporating the Christian biblical approach towards holistic community development. This study aims to show where OM Philippines needs to improve its working relationship with partner churches in their collaborative service among the poor. The Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach, an asset-based development tool, is seen as one of the most effective ways to identify the life-giving forces of the organizations that build and strengthen partnerships. Christian Reformed World Relief Committee and other international groups have used this approach to develop stronger relationships between themselves and their partner agencies. OM Philippines staff, partner churches’ representatives, and beneficiaries participated in the research process using the 4-D Model of AI to discover the perceptions, impacts, dreams, strengths and challenges of the partnerships. The process further helped identify the best experiences and practices of the work, and the needs of the partners and beneficiaries, which resulted to the formulation of OM Philippines’ Principles of Partnerships. These principles of partnerships have become the framework upon which OM Philippines strengthens existing partnerships and forges new ones for sustainable work among the poor

9th Anniversary of the Rwanda genecide

Document collected by the University of Texas Libraries from the web-site of the Reseau Documentaire International Sur La Region Des Grands Lacs Africains (International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region). The Reseau distributes "gray literature", non-published or limited distribution government or NGO documents regarding the Great Lakes area of central Africa including Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.UT Librarie

Socioeconomic Profile and Gender Characteristics in Relation to Camel Management Practices in the Pastoral Communities of Ethiopia

Pastoralism was one of the oldest forms of organized human society in providing sustainable livelihood opportunities. However, this way of life is increasingly under threat due to a number of reasons. Today’s political, legal, social and economic policies and laws are not taking into consideration the needs of pastoral populations specially women and children. An attempt has been made to evaluate the socio-economic conditions among the pastoral households of Eastern and Southern parts of Ethiopia. The study involved three major pastoral areas of Ethiopia, namely, Somali, Afar and Oromiya regional states. The findings of this study revealed that lacking of formal education except limited religious education for male children, girl children are excluded from any type of literacy. Population size in the study areas reflects above national average, due to custom of polygon. Regionally there has been a variation in decision making on the issues like intensity of production, breeding, camel herding, milking, marketing and other related activities. In general this study observed that there has been a dominant role played by men in most of the revenue generating activities except in few areas of districts other than economic activities. Hence, different types of social and policy intervention should be made. Keywords: Pastoralism, education, Polygon, intensity of production, Breeding

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by people in Zegie Peninsula, Northwestern Ethiopia

An ethnobotanical study was conducted from October 2005 to June 2006 to investigate the uses of medicinal plants by people in Zegie Peninsula, northwestern Ethiopia. Information was gathered from 200 people: 70 female and 130 males, using semistructured questionnaire. Of which, six were male local healers. The informants, except the healers, were selected randomly and no appointment was made prior to the visits. Informant consensus factor (ICF) for category of aliments and the fidelity level (FL) of the medicinal plants were determined. Sixty-seven medicinal plants used as a cure for 52 aliments were documented. They are distributed across 42 families and 64 genera. The most frequently utilized plant part was the underground part (root/rhizome/bulb) (42%). The largest number of remedies was used to treat gastrointestinal disorder and parasites infections (22.8%) followed by external injuries and parasites infections (22.1%). The administration routes are oral (51.4%), external (38.6%), nasal (7.9%), and ear (2.1%). The medicinal plants that were presumed to be effective in treating a certain category of disease, such as 'mich' and febrile diseases (0.80) had higher ICF values. This probably indicates a high incidence of these types of diseases in the region, possibly due to the poor socio-economic and sanitary conditions of this people. The medicinal plants that are widely used by the local people or used as a remedy for a specific aliment have higher FL values (Carissa spinarum, Clausena anisata, Acokanthera schimperi, Calpurnia aurea, Ficus thonningii, and Cyphostemma junceum) than those that are less popular or used to treat more than one type of aliments (Plumbago zeylanicum, Dorstenia barnimiana)

STUDY ON THE STATUS OF BOVINE TICK INFESTATION, IN GUBAKORICHA DISTRICT IN WEST HARARGHE ZONE, EAST - ETHIOPIA

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2010 to April 2011 to determining the prevalence of tick infestation, to identify the common tick species in cattle and to assess the major risk factors associated with the occurrence of tick species in Guba koricha district West Hararghe zone of Oromia regional state, southeast Ethiopia. Ticks were collected by searching and half body of animals using forceps on different regions of the animals’ body. A total sample of 384 cattle, 234 were found to be infested by one or more tick species an overall prevalence of 60.9%. The most predominant isolated ticks species in this study were R. pullchelus with isolation rate of 49.4% followed A. Varigatum with isolation rate of 30.3%, H. marginatum rufipes, the third predominant with isolation rate 11.8%. However, A. gemma, H. trucatum and R. Evertsi-evertsi was the least isolate which accounts for 3.6%, 2.4% and 2.35% respectively. Age, sex and body conditions scoring were found to be important risk factors associated with tick infestation. The prevalence of tick infestation between age and sex was statistically significant (X2=32.3075, CI=0.1323358-0265075, P=0.000 andX2=5.117, CI=0.1953184- 0.0061713, P=0.037) respectively. However, breed and body condition were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Hereof, Ticks are obligate, blood feeding ecto-parasites that cause severe damage to the hides and skins of domestic cattle due to this reduce the foreign exchange of the country; and transmit tick borne diseases. Therefore, effective tick control programs should be formulated and implemented at national or regional level

Élevage bovin et conflits en Centrafrique

La Centrafrique connaît depuis 2013 un conflit armé inscrit dans le temps long qui affecte le secteur de l’élevage. Dans les violences, les éleveurs sont à la fois acteurs et victimes. Le bétail constitue un enjeu majeur de ce conflit comme source d’enrichissement des groupes armés, alimentant les antagonismes entre la rébellion Séléka et la milice anti-balaka. Le conflit impose une réorganisation des espaces pastoraux, qui se répartissent désormais selon les aires d’influence des groupes armés. Le conflit remet en cause l’ensemble du système pastoral, depuis les techniques de production jusqu’à la filière de commercialisation du bétail.Central African Republic has experienced since 2013 an armed conflict over a long period of time affecting the cattle farming sector. In the violence, breeders are both victims and actors. The livestock is a major issue of this conflict as a source of enrichment of armed groups, encouraging the antagonism between the rebellion Seleka and anti-balaka militias. The conflict imposes a re-organization of pastoral areas, which are now distributed according to the areas of influence of the armed groups. The conflict prejudices the entire pastoral system, from the production techniques to the livestock market chain

Impact of Small-Holders’ cattle Fattening on Household Income generation in Fadis District of Eastern Hararghe Zone, oromia, Ethiopia

At the household level, livestock plays a critical economic and social role in pastoralists and at the household level, livestock plays a critical economic and social role in pastoralists and smallholder farm households. The objectives of this study were to analyze factors affecting participation in cattle fattening and its impacts on household income in Fadis district of Eastern Hararghe. Both primary and secondary data were used. The data were collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire from 124 samples during the period of April 20-May20/ 2017. Logit estimation revealed that participation in cattle fattening is significantly influenced by five variables. Age of household head, labor force in family member, market information, access to agricultural extension services and number of livestock are significant variables which affect the participation of the household in cattle fattening practices. Propensity score matching method was applied to analyze the impact of the cattle fattening on the household income generation. In matching processes, kernel matching with 0.25 band width was resulted in relatively low pseudo-R2 with best balancing test was found to be the best matching algorithm. This method was checked for standardized bias, t-test, and joint significance level. Propensity score matching results revealed that household participated in cattle fattening practice have got 14,071 more farm income and 12,617 total household income in Ethiopian Birr (ETB) than those household that were not participated in fattening practices. This income difference shows how non-farm and off-farm income compensated for income obtained from cattle fattening activities with farm income

Tenure security and land-related investment: Evidence from Ethiopia.

Abstract: We use a large data set from Ethiopia that differentiates tenure security and transferability to explore determinants of different types of land-related investment and its possible impact on productivity. While we find some support for endogeneity of investment in trees, this is not the case for terraces. Transfer rights are unambiguously investment-enhancing. The large productivity effect of terracing implies that, even where households undertake investments to increase their tenure security, this may not be socially efficient. In Ethiopia, government action to increase tenure security and transferability of land rights can significantly enhance rural investment and productivity