Produção de grãos em relação com reação a doenças em feijoeiro comum cultivado em sistema de manejo orgânico.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção de grãos do feijoeiro-comum em sistema de manejo orgânico e os efeitos do crestamento bacteriano comum e da mancha angular sobre a produção do feijoeiro-comum da cultivar BRS supremo sob diferentes tipos de cultura de cobertura e manejo do solo.CONAFE

The feast of the Holy Spirit of Santa Cruz de Goiás. A rich universe of cultural events

Este trabalho visa analisar o patrimônio cultural imaterial da cidade de Santa Cruz de Goiás, Centro-Oeste brasileiro, por meio da reflexão quanto às práticas sociais vivenciadas pelos membros dessa comunidade durante as celebrações das festividades do Divino Espírito Santo. Buscamos nos fundamentar nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da História Cultural, na medida em que nos possibilita descrever como vivências cotidianas aliadas a sensibilidades das manifestações populares tradicionais. Utilizamos, ainda, a técnica de pesquisa qualitativa do Grupo Focal e da Observação Participante para ampliar informações, conhecer e compreender atitudes, percepções, opiniões e comportamentos relativos aos festejos do Divino Espírito Santo de Santa Cruz.This study aims to analyze the intangible cultural heritage of the city of Santa Cruz de Goiás, Brazilian Midwest, through reflection about the social practices experienced by members of the community during the celebrations of the festivities of the Holy Spirit. We seek to support the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Cultural History, in that it enables us to describe how everyday experiences combined with sensitivities of traditional demonstrations. We use also the qualitative research technique of focus groups and participant observation to enlarge information, know and understand attitudes, perceptions, opinions and behaviors related to these celebration

Foliar treatments as a strategy to control iron chlorosis in orange trees

Different foliar treatments were applied to evaluate the recovery of iron chlorosis of orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. cv. 'Valencia late') grown on a calcareous soil. The treatments were: Fe (II) sulphate (500 mg Fe L-1), sulphuric acid (0.5 mM H2SO4), Fe (III)-chelate (Hampiron 654 GS, 120 mg Fe L-1) and distilled water as a control. The recovery from iron chlorosis was evaluated with the SPAD-502 apparatus and the values converted to total chlorophyll concentration. The effects of treatments on the mineral composition of leaves and flowers, and the size and quality of fruits were evaluated. The residual effect of treatments was also evaluated one year later. In orange trees, the use of frequent foliar sprays with Fe was able to alleviate Fe chlorosis and prevented yield and quality losses caused by Fe chlorosis. Compared with the control, sprays of Fe (II) sulphate led to higher concentrations of chlorophyll, Fe and Zn in leaves and flowers at the end of the experimental period, and significantly improved fruit size and quality. Leaf Fe concentration increased after the sulphuric acid spray, but this treatment did not affect fruit quality parameters. The mineral composition of flowers and leaves was correlated with some fruit quality parameters obtained one year later. These results suggest that foliar sprays with Fe could help to avoid fruit quality losses caused by Fe chlorosis in citrus orchards

A robust SNP barcode for typing Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains

Strain-specific genomic diversity in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is an important factor in pathogenesis that may affect virulence, transmissibility, host response and emergence of drug resistance. Several systems have been proposed to classify MTBC strains into distinct lineages and families. Here, we investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as robust (stable) markers of genetic variation for phylogenetic analysis. We identify ~92k SNP across a global collection of 1,601 genomes. The SNP-based phylogeny is consistent with the gold-standard regions of difference (RD) classification system. Of the ~7k strain-specific SNPs identified, 62 markers are proposed to discriminate known circulating strains. This SNP-based barcode is the first to cover all main lineages, and classifies a greater number of sublineages than current alternatives. It may be used to classify clinical isolates to evaluate tools to control the disease, including therapeutics and vaccines whose effectiveness may vary by strain type

Two new rapid SNP-typing methods for classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex into the main phylogenetic lineages

There is increasing evidence that strain variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) might influence the outcome of tuberculosis infection and disease. To assess genotype-phenotype associations, phylogenetically robust molecular markers and appropriate genotyping tools are required. Most current genotyping methods for MTBC are based on mobile or repetitive DNA elements. Because these elements are prone to convergent evolution, the corresponding genotyping techniques are suboptimal for phylogenetic studies and strain classification. By contrast, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are ideal markers for classifying MTBC into phylogenetic lineages, as they exhibit very low degrees of homoplasy. In this study, we developed two complementary SNP-based genotyping methods to classify strains into the six main human-associated lineages of MTBC, the 'Beijing' sublineage, and the clade comprising Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae. Phylogenetically informative SNPs were obtained from 22 MTBC whole-genome sequences. The first assay, referred to as MOL-PCR, is a ligation-dependent PCR with signal detection by fluorescent microspheres and a Luminex flow cytometer, which simultaneously interrogates eight SNPs. The second assay is based on six individual TaqMan real-time PCR assays for singleplex SNP-typing. We compared MOL-PCR and TaqMan results in two panels of clinical MTBC isolates. Both methods agreed fully when assigning 36 well-characterized strains into the main phylogenetic lineages. The sensitivity in allele-calling was 98.6% and 98.8% for MOL-PCR and TaqMan, respectively. Typing of an additional panel of 78 unknown clinical isolates revealed 99.2% and 100% sensitivity in allele-calling, respectively, and 100% agreement in lineage assignment between both methods. While MOL-PCR and TaqMan are both highly sensitive and specific, MOL-PCR is ideal for classification of isolates with no previous information, whereas TaqMan is faster for confirmation. Furthermore, both methods are rapid, flexible and comparably inexpensive

Inteligência Artificial na Educação Superior na relação com o PBIA

Resumo: As inteligências artificiais de diferentes tipos e graus de complexidade são tecnologias que permitem às máquinas e aos programas computacionais aproximarem-se do comportamento humano na tomada de decisões e na realização de tarefas em diversificadas áreas. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo pretende analisar as premissas, eixos e propostas de ações e investimentos do Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial (PBIA 2024-2028), especificamente as que contemplam a educação, e como a Universidade Federal de Uberlândia tem participado do seu debate. Utilizamos como metodologia a análise documental do PBIA e do Seminário de Inteligência Artificial e Educação realizado na UFU, em setembro de 2024, em diálogo com pesquisadores e pesquisadoras que problematizam o desenvolvimento e utilização da IA no Brasil. Nos resultados, depreendemos que há, frequentemente, uma dicotomia de entendimento entre as ciências desenvolvedoras de IAs e as ciências que discutem sua dimensão sociotécnica.  Promover o diálogo transdisciplinar na produção e implementação de diferentes IAs em território nacional é um desafio para as Instituições Brasileiras de Educação Superior (IES). Palavras-chave: Inteligência artificial. Educação Superior. PBIA.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 comprises globally distributed and geographically restricted sublineages

Generalist and specialist species differ in the breadth of their ecological niches. Little is known about the niche width of obligate human pathogens. Here we analyzed a global collection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 clinical isolates, the most geographically widespread cause of human tuberculosis. We show that lineage 4 comprises globally distributed and geographically restricted sublineages, suggesting a distinction between generalists and specialists. Population genomic analyses showed that, whereas the majority of human T cell epitopes were conserved in all sublineages, the proportion of variable epitopes was higher in generalists. Our data further support a European origin for the most common generalist sublineage. Hence, the global success of lineage 4 reflects distinct strategies adopted by different sublineages and the influence of human migration.We thank S. Lecher, S. Li and J. Zallet for technical support. Calculations were performed at the sciCORE scientific computing core facility at the University of Basel. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 310030_166687 (S.G.) and 320030_153442 (M.E.) and Swiss HIV Cohort Study grant 740 to L.F.), the European Research Council (309540-EVODRTB to S.G.), TB-PAN-NET (FP7-223681 to S.N.), PathoNgenTrace projects (FP7-278864-2 to S.N.), SystemsX.ch (S.G.), the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF; S.N.), the Novartis Foundation (S.G.), the Natural Science Foundation of China (91631301 to Q.G.), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (5U01-AI069924-05) of the US National Institutes of Health (M.E.)

Observation of Efimov Molecules Created from a Resonantly Interacting Bose Gas.

We convert a strongly interacting ultracold Bose gas into a mixture of atoms and molecules by sweeping the interactions from resonant to weak. By analyzing the decay dynamics of the molecular gas, we show that in addition to Feshbach dimers it contains Efimov trimers. Typically around 8% of the total atomic population is bound into trimers, identified by their density-independent lifetime of about 100  μs. The lifetime of the Feshbach dimers shows a density dependence due to inelastic atom-dimer collisions, in agreement with theoretical calculations. We also vary the density of the gas across a factor of 250 and investigate the corresponding atom loss rate at the interaction resonance

Hanle Magnetoresistance in Thin Metal Films with Strong Spin-Orbit Coupling

We report measurements of a new type of magnetoresistance in Pt and Ta thin films. The spin accumulation created at the surfaces of the film by the spin Hall effect decreases in a magnetic field because of the Hanle effect, resulting in an increase of the electrical resistance as predicted by Dyakonov [PRL 99, 126601 (2007)]. The angular dependence of this magnetoresistance resembles the recently discovered spin Hall magnetoresistance in Pt/Y3Fe5O12 bilayers, although the presence of a ferromagnetic insulator is not required. We show that this Hanle magnetoresistance is an alternative, simple way to quantitatively study the coupling between charge and spin currents in metals with strong spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure