J Dominance of Short Cracks in Bending and Tension

There are many structural situations involving shallow cracks, in which it is not possible to make direct measurements of the relevant fracture toughness using existing British (BSI) and American (ASTM) deep notch fracture mechanics tests. The objective of the present work to establish the size requirements for a one parameter characterisation the crack tip fields for short cracks in edge cracked bars subject to tension and bending

An adaptive combination algorithm based on deep learning and genetic algorithm for anomalous events detection

One of the most widely used human behavior detection methods is anomaly detection, which this article covers. Ensuring a person's safety is a crucial task in every community today due to the ever-increasing actions that can be dangerous, from planned crime to harm from an accident. Classic closed-circuit television is insufficient since a person must always be awake and available to monitor the cameras, which is costly. Also, someone's attention tends to decrease after a certain period of time. Due to these reasons, a surveillance system that is automated and able to detect unusual activities in real-time and give sufferers prompt aid is necessary. It should be noted that the identification process must be completed swiftly and correctly. In this paper, we employ a model based on mixes the machine learning (ML) model, namely genetic algorithms with deep learning (DL). In this study's experimentation, the UCF-Crime dataset was employed. The detection accuracy on the testing sample dataset was equal to 89.90%, while the area under the curve (AUC) was equal to 94.58%. The developed models have demonstrated reliability and the ability to achieve the greatest accuracy when compared to models that have already been designed

An adaptive algorithm based on principal component analysis-deep learning for anomalous events detection

One of the most often used applications of human activity detection is anomaly detection, which is covered in this paper. Providing security for a person is a key issue in every community nowadays because of the constantly expanding activities that pose danger, from planned violence to harm caused by an accident. Existing classical closed-circuit television considered is insufficient since it needs a person to stay awake and constantly monitor the cameras, which is expensive. In addition, a person's attention decreases after a certain time. For these reasons, the development of an automated security system that can identify suspicious activities in real-time and quickly aid victims is required. Because identifying activity must be with high accuracy, and in the shortest possible time. We adopt an adaptive algorithm based on the combination of machine learning (ML), principal component analysis (PCA) and deep learning (DL). The UCF-crime dataset was used for the experimentation in this work. Where the area under the curve (AUC) with the proposed approach was equal to 94.21% while the detection accuracy was equal to 88.46% on the test set database. The suggested system has demonstrated its robustness and accomplishment of the best accuracy when compared with earlier designed systems

Estimating the natural and artificial radioactivity in soil samples from some oil sites in Kirkuk-Iraq using high resolution gamma rays spectrometry

The natural and artificial radioactivity in soil samples from some oil sites of Kirkuk-Iraq have been estimated using a gamma spectrometry based on a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. For this reason, soil samples have been collected from four sites; Henjera, Jabel Boor, Jambor and Qutan. It was found that the specific activity ranged from 7.31 to 63.33 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, from 3.54 to 42.95 Bq kg−1 for 232Th, from 103.21 to 798.52 Bq kg−1 for 40K and from 0.7 to 9.53 Bq kg−1 for 137Cs. The results have been compared with the worldwide average values. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorbed gamma dose rate (D), the annual effective dose rate (AEDE), the external hazard (Hex), the internal hazard (Hin) and Gamma radiation representative level Index (Iγ) have also been calculated. The Raeq was 92.173 Bq kg−1, the D was 45.53 nGyh-1, the AEDE outdoor and indoor were 0.0959 and 0.224, respectively, the Hex was 0.242, the Hin was 0.329, and Iγ was 0.680. It has been concluded that no harmful radiation effects have posed to the population who live in the study area. Although, there are some areas where radiation effects have resulted higher than that of the international allowable radiation values

Biofilms Formation on Contact Lenses: Clinical and Bacteriological Study

Background: Biofilms can be defined as communities of microorganisms attached to a surface to prevent themselves from the environmental effects and cause infections.  A study on microbial contamination associated with contact lenses wearers was carried out on women in Ramadi city, some of them were asymptomatic and others were complaining of redness, tearing and itching. Objectives: Isolation and identification of microbial infection associated with contact lens wearers by examination of the storage case solution, studying of different factors that have effect on microbial infections among contact lenses wearers such as (age, wearing type, symptoms) and Performance of biofilm assay on the new contact lenses, Microtitre plate (MTP) and comparison with used contact lenses and the ability of biofilm formation among different isolates from storage case solution. Material and Methods: Eighty samples of solution were collected from women of different Sources who Contact lenses: Five used and two new contact lenses as well as Microtiter plate (MTP) were used as samples to observe biofilm formation in this study. Sample from twenty new storage solution bottles were used as a control sample Isolation and identification of microorganisms: Macroscopical examination, Culture and Biochemical tests. Microscopic examination were done. According to Yukinobu, el al., 2006. Results: The study was done during the period from April 2008 to Jan. 30th 2009. Samples were collected from (80) women distributed as follows: (housewife, pupil, student, staff and others). Their ages were ranging from 13 – 36 years. The most common age of contamination was found to be ranged between 19-24 years which accumulated for (55%) of all Eye' redness is found to be the most common symptom (26.25%)) complained by the sampled women of this study. Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Liesteria and Klebsiella were obtained from the storage solutions of contact lenses. According to the optical density showed by Microtitre plate (MTP) Reader, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common bacterial type associated with biofilm formation for the considered samples. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common bacterial type associated with   Biofilm formations

The Influence of Fish Oil Supplementation on the Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Chemotherapy is among the most crucial therapeutic options for advanced hepatocellular cancer (HCC). There are side effects associated with chemotherapy drug use in cancer patients. It has been shown in animal models that the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can be effective in reducing the side effects. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of fish oil supplementation on the adverse effects of chemotherapy in HCC patients. The present research was conducted as a double-blind clinical trial in Erbil City, Kurdistan region, Iraq between May 12, 2020, and December 16, 2021. After an interview, 28 HCC patients who volunteered and were receiving chemotherapy were randomly assigned to the experimental group and another 28 to the control group. The control group was given a placebo for six weeks whereas the experimental group received 3 g of omega-3 fatty acids. Following the initial collection of information for both groups, data on the side effects of chemotherapy were gathered at the start, the fourth, and the sixth weeks following the intervention. The data were examined using the independent sample t-tests, descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Cochran\u27s Q-test. According to the study\u27s findings, the patients in the experimental group had less nausea with passing time, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). It is possible to draw the conclusion that taking fish oil supplements while receiving chemotherapy for HCC may be advantageous because it may lessen some of the negative effects of the treatment

A Combined Use of Rhizobacteria and Moringa Leaf Extract Mitigates the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Less nutrient availability and drought stress are some serious concerns of agriculture. Both biotic and abiotic stress factors have the potential to limit crop productivity. However, several organic extracts obtained from moringa leaves may induce immunity in plants under nutritional and drought stress for increasing their survival. Additionally, some rhizobacterial strains have the ability to enhance root growth for better nutrient and water uptake in stress conditions. To cover the knowledge gap on the interactive effects of beneficial rhizobacteria and moringa leaf extracts (MLEs), this study was conducted. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effectiveness of sole and combined use of rhizobacteria and MLEs against nutritional and drought stress in wheat. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) (10(8) CFU ml(-1)) was inoculated to wheat plants with and without foliar-applied MLEs at two different concentrations (MLE 1 = 1:15 v/v and MLE 2 = 1:30 v/v) twice at 25 and 35 days after seed sowing (50 ml per plant) after the establishment of drought stress. Results revealed that Pa + MLE 2 significantly increased fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), lengths of roots and shoot and photosynthetic contents of wheat. A significant enhancement in total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, calcium, potassium, phosphate, and nitrate contents validated the efficacious effect of Pa + MLE 2 over control-treated plants. Significant decrease in sodium, proline, glycine betaine, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxide (POD) concentrations in wheat cultivated under drought stress conditions also represents the imperative role of Pa + MLE 2 over control. In conclusion, Pa + MLE 2 can alleviate nutritional stress and drought effects in wheat. More research in this field is required to proclaim Pa + MLE 2 as the most effective amendment against drought stress in distinct agroecological zones, different soil types, and contrasting wheat cultivars worldwide.Peer reviewe

Perceived attitudes and barriers towards medical research: a survey of Jordanian interns, residents, and other postgraduates

Purpose We investigated research barriers among Jordanian medical postgraduates to understand the current context of the local health research landscape and improve scholarly output. Methods Using a validated questionnaire, Jordanian interns, residents, specialists, and consultants were examined for their perceived attitudes and barriers towards research. Participants were conveniently sampled from public, university, military, and private institutions. Differences in responses were examined using the Student t-test and analysis of variance. Binary logistic regression was utilized to examine predictors of being able to publish. Results A total of 1,141 Jordanian medical postgraduates were recruited, of which 61.3% were junior postgraduates (i.e., interns and residents in their first 2 years of residency) while 38.7% were senior postgraduates (i.e., senior residents, specialists, and consultants). Around 76.0% of participants had no peer-reviewed publications. Of those with least one publication (n=273), only 31.1% had first authorships. Participants portrayed dominantly positive attitudes towards the importance of research. There were no significant differences between junior and senior postgraduates for overall attitudes (p=0.486) and knowledge barriers scores (p=0.0261). Conversely, senior postgraduates demonstrated higher mean organizational barriers (p<0.001). Seniority (odds ratio [OR], 5.268; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.341–8.307), age (OR, 1.087; 95% CI, 1.019–1.159), academic standing (OR, 1.730; 95% CI, 1.103–2.715), and confidence (OR, 1.086; 95% CI, 1.009–1.169) were positive predictors of publication in peer reviewed journals. Conclusion The Jordanian medical research landscape is riddled with all forms of different barriers. The reworking of current and integration of new research training programs are of utmost importance

Angiopoietin-2 confers Atheroprotection in apoE-/- mice by inhibiting LDL oxidation via nitric oxide

Atherosclerosis is promoted by a combination of hypercholesterolemia and vascular inflammation. The function of Angiopoietin (Ang)-2, a key regulator of angiogenesis, in the maintenance of large vessels is unknown. A single systemic administration of Ang-2 adenovirus (AdAng-2) to apoE-/- mice fed a Western diet significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion size 8 40%) and oxidized LDL and macrophage content of the plaques. These beneficial effects were abolished by the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In endothelial cells, endothelial NOS activation per se inhibited LDL oxidation and Ang-2 stimulated NO release in a Tie2-dependent manner to decrease LDL oxidation. These findings demonstrate a novel atheroprotective role for Ang-2 when endothelial cell function is compromised and suggest that growth factors, which stimulate NO release without inducing inflammation, could offer atheroprotection

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability