Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Endoscopic Findings of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Lebanese Patients Undergoing Gastroscopy: A Retrospective Study from a Single Tertiary Center

(1) Background: Gastric cancer continues to pose a significant public health challenge, with its incidence influenced by various factors, including Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. In Lebanon, data on H. pylori prevalence and its associated risk factors remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Lebanese outpatients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms undergoing gastroscopy, to explore correlations between the infection and demographic and clinical variables, and to evaluate the prevalence of associated conditions such as gastritis, duodenitis, and intestinal metaplasia. (2) Methods: Using a retrospective design, data from 786 patients admitted at a hospital in Beirut over a three-year period were extracted from records. (3) Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 29.6% despite 91.5% of patients showing signs of gastritis on endoscopy. The infection showed significant associations with erosive gastritis, non-erosive gastritis, mosaic gastritis, as well as with both erosive and non-erosive duodenitis. No significant relationships were observed between H. pylori and demographic factors, atrophic, or nodular gastritis. (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of targeted testing and early eradication of H. pylori to manage gastritis effectively and reduce the risk of progression to more serious gastric conditions in the Lebanese population

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY Full Length Article Evaluation of a Saponin Adjuvanted Inactivated Mycoplasma bovis (A Field Isolate from Cattle Lungs in Balochistan, Pakistan) Vaccine

Abstract An inactivated saponin adjuvanted vaccine was prepared from Mycoplasma bovis local field isolate and its efficacy was evaluated. Nine calves (n=9) were split in three groups (three calves in each group). Calves in group A were vaccinated with M. bovis saponin adjuvanted (inactivated) vaccine and challenged with live M. bovis strain by nasal spray at day 21 post vaccination. Calves in group B were only challenged with live M. bovis culture through same route and Group C was kept as control. All groups of calves were monitored for 7 weeks. The antibody profile of all vaccinated and challenged animal were assessed through IHA test. The saponated M. bovis (inactivated) vaccines with protein concentration (2 mg/mL) was found very effective. Any pathological lesion, mortality and any other clinical manifestation was not observed in vaccinated group of calves. Over all the immune status with a GMT (40.3) was found satisfactory with this vaccine, which was achieved 3 weeks post-vaccination and this titer has risen to a GMT (80.6) after four week and was maintained to a GMT of (64.0) on 49 th days at the end of experiment

Cutting-edge development in waste-recycled nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications

Abstract Agriculture and industrial wastes (AIWs) have attracted much attention because of their huge environmental, economic, and social impacts. AIWs have been considered a crucial link of a closed-loop for the fabrication of nanomaterials and composites wherein they replace traditional resources with sustainable waste in waste management. In this context, the proper disposal of AIWs is required. This review aims to investigate the technical feasibility of using innovative AIW resources and various strategies for the fabrication of nanomaterials for improving energy applications. First, the utilization of AIWs is classified comprehensively. Second, key technologies to produce nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, this review discusses the potential applications of the fabricated nanomaterials in energy storage and energy conversion.</jats:p